there存在句式思维导图 |
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▲“There + be +过去分词+主语”,其实是被动语态的变式,去掉引导词There,还原本来面目。现在,我直接使用网友的句子为例: There are now published millions of books very year in China. 等于:Millions of books are now published very year in China. On the following day, there was held a splendid banquet. 等于:On the following day, a splendid banquet was held. There was shownat the exhibition an electronic computer made in Shanghai. 等于:An electronic computer made in Shanghai was shownat the exhibition. ▲“There + be +现在分词+主语”,其实是不及物动词进行时态的变式,去掉引导词There,还原本来面目。现在,我直接使用网友的句子为例: There were running in the garden a group of children aged from seven to twelve. 等于:A group of children aged from seven to twelve were running in the garden. 【我的观点】任何事物的出现都是有原因的,语言现象亦然。我认为,there的上述用法,体现了语言的3个方面。概括起来,不外乎以下几个原因: 2.修辞方面:There置于句首,旨在使句子匀称。如:There was shown at the exhibition an electronic computer made in Shanghai. 若说:An electronic computer made in Shanghai was shown at the exhibition.会显得头重脚轻。 3.语法方面:There置于句首,改变句子的正常结构。去掉引导词There之后,变成正常语序,以上三种情况的例句,分别为: (1)There is a book on the desk.→A book is on the desk. (2)There lived an old man in the forest long ago.→An old man lived in the forest long ago. (3)There are now published millions of books very year in China.→Millions of books are now published very year in China. 【说明】There置于句首,如果没有实际词汇意义,往往引起句子结构的倒装。如果有实际词汇意义(“在那里”),则不然。试比较: There stands a temple on the top of the mountain. (There没有实际意义) There I saw my old friend Tom. (There表示“在那里”) |
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