由局部子间隙状态引起的陷阱辅助复合是限制所有太阳能电池功率转换效率的最重要的一阶损耗机制之一。有机光伏器件中陷阱辅助重组的存在和相关性仍然是一个相当模糊和争论的问题，阻碍了该领域寻求提供更高的效率和最终可行的新太阳能光伏技术。在这项工作中，我们表明在各种有机太阳能电池材料的操作条件下，光电流的陷阱辅助复合损失普遍存在，包括目前打破所有效率记录的新型非富勒烯电子受体系统。发现陷阱辅助复合是由位于传输边缘下方 0.35-0.6 eV 的状态引起的，在相当于 1 个太阳的光强度下充当深陷阱态。除了限制光电流外，我们还表明，通过这些相对较深的陷阱进行的相关陷阱辅助复合也是造成 1 和 2 之间的理想因素的原因，进一步阐明了关于有机太阳能电池基本工作原理的另一个开放且重要的问题. 我们的结果还为避免相关室内光伏和光电探测器应用中陷阱引起的损失提供了见解。进一步阐明关于有机太阳能电池基本工作原理的另一个开放而重要的问题。我们的结果还为避免相关室内光伏和光电探测器应用中陷阱引起的损失提供了见解。进一步阐明关于有机太阳能电池基本工作原理的另一个开放而重要的问题。我们的结果还为避免相关室内光伏和光电探测器应用中陷阱引起的损失提供了见解。

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Trap-assisted recombination caused by localised sub-gap states is one of the most important first-order loss mechanism limiting the power-conversion efficiency of all solar cells. The presence and relevance of trap-assisted recombination in organic photovoltaic devices is still a matter of some considerable ambiguity and debate, hindering the field as it seeks to deliver ever higher efficiencies and ultimately a viable new solar photovoltaic technology. In this work, we show that trap-assisted recombination loss of photocurrent is universally present under operational conditions in a wide variety of organic solar cell materials including the new non-fullerene electron acceptor systems currently breaking all efficiency records. The trap-assisted recombination is found to be induced by states lying 0.35-0.6 eV below the transport edge, acting as deep trap states at light intensities equivalent to 1 sun. Apart from limiting the photocurrent, we show that the associated trap-assisted recombination via these comparatively deep traps is also responsible for ideality factors between 1 and 2, shedding further light on another open and important question as to the fundamental working principles of organic solar cells. Our results also provide insights for avoiding trap-induced losses in related indoor photovoltaic and photodetector applications.