定语从句不用that的情况 |
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定语从句不用that的情况 定语从句中比较容易处理方面是,定语从句中“that”多可省略,表现为关系代词作宾语的情况,下面是给大家整理的定语从句不用that的情况的相关内容,希望能给你带来帮助! (一)定语从句不用that的情况 1、不能用that的情况 介词前置时; 非限定性定语从句中 先行词本身是that 多用who,不用that的情况 先行词为anyone,one,ones时; 先行词为those,he和people时; 这些词代替指人,whom在定语从句中指人,"who"和“that”既可作主语又可作宾语(作宾语可以省略,who作宾语变为whom),that可以指人也可以指物, who不可指物 。在从句中所起作用如下: (1)Is he the man who/that wants to see you? 他是那个想见你的男人吗?(who/that在从句中作主语) (2)He is the man (whom/that) I saw yesterday. 他就是我昨天见到的那个人。(whom/that在从句中作宾语) (3)The man whom you spoke to just now is our English teacher. 刚刚和你说话的那个男人是我们的英语老师。(whom在从句中作宾语) 注:who在定语从句中指人,作主语和宾语,作宾语时可省略;做及物动词或介词的宾语,可省略。 which,that 用来指物(有六种情况只可用that而不用which) (用作主语、宾语,作宾语时可以省略),例如: (1)The prosperity which/that had never appeared before took on in the countryside.农村出现了前所未有的繁荣。(which/that在从句中作主语) (2)The package (which/that) you are carrying is about to comeunwrapped.你拿那个包裹快要散开了。(which/that在从句中作宾语) 注:which在定语从句中指物,可作主语或及物动词或介词的宾语,作宾语时可省略;that在定语从句中既可指人又可指物,在定语从句中作主语、宾语和表语,作宾语时可省略,指人时,相当于who或whom,指物时,相当于which,作介词宾语时,介词不可提到that前,当介词提前时,需要用which或whom来代替。 2、whose (只用作定语) “whose”表示谁(可以为人也可以为物)的(东西) 例:A child whose parents are dead is called an orphan.双亲都死了的孩子叫做孤儿。(“whose parents”表示那个孩子的双亲) He lives in a room whose window faces south.他住的那个房子的窗户是朝南的。(“whose”表示那个房子的窗户) 关系代词:在句中作主语、宾语或定语。 1. that既可代表事物也可代表人,“which”代表事物;它们在从句中作主语或宾语,作宾语可省略“that”在从句中作宾语时常可省略关系词,“which”在从句省略。[eg:This is the book (which)you want.] 2.如果which在从句中作“不及物动词+介词”的介词的宾语,注意介词不要丢掉,而且介词总是放在关系代词which的前面,但有的则放在它前面的位置。 3. 代表物时的that常被省略; c)被形容词最高级修饰时;既有人又有物时; e)整个句中前面已有“which”,“why”时 (二)定语从句中的that和which用法区别 that和which在从句里都可以做宾语和主语,做宾语时可以省略。在定语从句中,有种说法叫"关宾省",意思是关系代词在限制性定语从句中作宾语可以省略,不管是that,which,还是whom。但是which能引导非限制性定语从句,that则不行。 其次,记得以下只能用that的几种情况: 1. 当先行词为all, much, little, none及由any, every, some, no所构成的复合不定代词时。 如: Please tell me anything that you know about the matter. 有关此事,凡是你所知道的请告诉我。 2. 当先行词被any, few, little, no, all, much, some等词修饰时。 如:You can take any seat that is free. 任何空着的座位你都可以坐。 3. 当先行词为序数词或被序数词所修饰时。 如: This is the fourth film that has been shown in our school this term. 这是我们校本学期放映的第四部电影。 4. 当先行词为形容词最高级或被形容词最高级修饰时。 如: This is the most interesting story book that I have ever read. 这是我读过的一本最有趣的故事书。 5. 当先行词被the very, the only, the last, the just, the same等修饰时。 如: The only thing that we could do was to wait. 我们唯一能做的事就是等待。 注意:先行词被the same修饰时,关系代词也可用as。 如:I need the same book that / as you have. 我需要有你一样的书。 6. 当先行词既包含人又包含物时。 如: They are talking of the heroines and their deeds that interest them. 他们正在谈论他们感兴趣的女英雄及她们的事迹。 7. 当先行词是疑问代词who,which,what或主句以这些词开头时。 如: Who that has ever worked together with him doesn’t admire him? 曾经和他一起工作过的谁不钦佩他? 8. 当先行词为主句表语或关系代词为从句表语时。 如: Our school is no longer the place that it used to be. 我们的'学校现在已不是过去的那个样子了。 9. 先行词为time时,当time表示次数,引导词用that, 可省略。 当表示时间,可用that或when引导,都可省略。 如: I did't remember the exact time (when/that) I arrived in Shanghai last month. 我不记得上个月到达上海的确切时间了。 最后,请注意以下几种只能使用which的情况: 1. 在“介词+关系代词”结构中,关系代词必须用which。 如: This is the reference book of which the teacher is speaking. 这就是老师正在谈及的那本参考书。 注意: 如果介词不放在修饰事物的限定性定语从句的句首, which就可换为that,例如: This is the question which/that we’ve had so much discussion about. =This is the question about which we’ve had so much discussion. 这就是我们已经多次讨论过的问题。 2. 先行词为“those+表事物的复数名词”时, 关系代词通常只用which而不用that。 如:You should grasp well those skills which may be used in the future work. 你应该掌握好这些可以用到未来工作中的技能。 最后,记得这个特殊情况吧:当先行词是表示原因或方式的名词时,可以用that引导定语从句,相当于介词+which,that可以省略。 如: He didn’t like the way that (=in which) she speaks to his mother. 他不喜欢她对他的母亲那样说话。 Imagine the speed that (=at which) he drives the car. 很难想象,他开车开得那么快。 (三)这种情况下定语从句中的that不可以省略! 1. think it + adj + that 在讲今天的语法之前,我们回顾一下平时同学们在写作以及阅读中可能比较疑惑的例句: I think it important that you tell your mother the truth. 疑惑之处在于,it后面为什么没有is? 例句采用了这样的句型:“think it + adj”。此处,it为形式宾语,that引导的宾语从句才是真实宾语,而important是宾语补足语。所以,it是形式宾语而不是主语,不需要加be动词。 一般情况下,各位更熟悉的句型是:“I think (that)it is important that... ”;这两者都是正确的,注意区分和辨别。 感兴趣的同学还可以去这个网站看看:English Language & Usage。它给出了以下几个类似的例句: e.g. We do not think it necessary to go. e.g. Some people do not think it important to be thrifty. 2. 定语从句中的that 定语从句中比较容易处理方面是,定语从句中“that”多可省略,表现为关系代词作宾语的情况: e.g. He must be the man (that) you have been looking for. 此处,man作looking for的宾语。 至于不可省略的that,这里只举两例,算是比较常用的规则哦: (1)紧接着上面阐述,除了关系代词作宾语的情况外,其余时候多不能省略that。比如给各位找来一个作主语的例子,各位可以举一反三: e.g. All that glitters is not gold.(发光的未必都是金子。) 此处,that指代主语,不可以省略。 (2)我们都知道that引导定语从句,可指人也可指物,算是兼有“who”和“which”的作用;但当定语从句修饰的先行词既有人又有物时,那么就只能用that且不可省略了。 e.g. I still remember the things and persons that I met when I traveled to Tibet. 接下来再给各位同学出一道题检验一下今天学习的知识点到底掌握了没有,题目如下: This is the fastest train that there is to Beijing. 上句话中的that是否可以省略? A. yes B. no 答案:A。可以省略。 (1)首先我们来判断一下此处that引导的从句在句子中是什么成分: This is the fastest train that there is to Beijing . 由于there be句型的特殊性,并不是跟在be动词后面的就一定是宾语,there be句型本身就是一个倒装。这种句型之所以要用there作引导词,而把主语置于动词之后,是为了使主语成为信息中心,以达到引出新话题的目的。上述例句中的train是定语从句中的主语成分。 (2)认真学习的同学肯定还记得上期总结了一句“定语从句中that多可省略,表现为关系代词作宾语的情况”,因此各位就倾向于记住宾语之外的成分都不可以省略that,但there be结构却是特例。具体语法点为:在there be结构中出现定语从句,或在定语从句中出现there be时,用作主语的关系代词也可省略。 (3)因此,上述例句中的train虽作从句的主语成分,但由于there be结构的特殊性,that仍旧可以省略。此处特例建立在固定结构的用法基础上,也算是有规律可循的特例了。 定语从句that that常用作关系代词,可指代某人,也可指代某物,指物时有的时候可用which替换that,指人时可用who替换。但在下列情况下,一般用that。 一、that指代某物事时 1.先行词为all, few, little, much, the one, something, anything, everything, nothing等时。如: (1)We'll do all that we can to protect the endangered plants and animals. 我们将尽我们的最大努力来保护那些濒危的动植物。 (2) There is much that I wan to tell you. 我有很多想要告诉你的话。 (3) Is there anything that I can do for you? 有什么我可以帮你的吗? 2. 先行词被all, every, no, some, any, (a)few, (a)little, much等限定词修饰时。如: (4) You can borrow any book that you want to read in our school library. 在我们*书馆,你可以借任何你想读的书。 3. 先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时。如: (5)This is the most beautiful city that I've ever seen. 这是我见过的最漂亮的城市。 4. 先行词被the only, the very, the right, the last 等修饰时。如: (6)This is the very factory that they visited last summer holiday. 这恰好是他们去年参观的那个工厂。 (7)This is the only painting in this style that we have. 这种风格的画我们仅有一幅。 5. 先行词是并列结构,既有人又有物时。如: (8)He talked happily of the writer and his books that interested him. 6. 先行词前有the same 修饰,表示和先行词是同一物时。如: (9)This is the same purse that I lost yesterday. 这就是我昨天丢的那个钱夹。 注:如果表示的是与先行词同一类或相似的某物,则用the same…as….如: (10)This is the same purse as I lost yesterday. 这个钱夹和我昨天丢的那个一样。 7. 先行词为数词时。 (11)Look at the books on the bookshelf. You can see the two that you bought me for my birthday. 瞧书架上那些书。你可以看到我过生日时你买的那两本。 8. 如果which引导的定语从句中又含有一个定语从句,为避免重复,第二个定语从句用that。如: (12)They built a factory which produced things that had never been seen. 他们建了一工厂,生产以前从未见过的东西。 9. 以which作主语开头的特殊问句,为了避免重复,定语从句用that。如。 (13)Which is the bus that you will take? 你要乘的是哪一班车? 10. 关系代词在定语从句中作表语时,而且通常省略。如: (14)My hometown is no longer the place that it used to be. 我的家乡再也不是以前那个样子了。 11. 关系代词在there be 句型中作主语时,而且常可以省略。如: (15)This is the fastest train (that) there has ever been. 这是有史以来最快的列车。 二、that 指代某人时。 1. 泛指某人时。如: (16)He is a man that is never at a loss. 他是一个从未一筹莫展的人。 2. 主句是以作主语的who开头的特殊问句,为了避免重复时。如: (17)Who is the person that is talking with our headmaster? 和我们校长说话的那人是谁? 3. 先行词前有the same时。如: (18)This is the same man that gave us a talk last year. 这和去年给我们作报告的是同一人。 4. 关系代词在定语从句中作表语时。如: (19)He has changed. He was not the man (that) he was 10 years ago. 他变了。他再也不是10年前的他了。 另外,that也可用作关系副词,表示时间、地点、原因和方式,在口语中可以用来代替when, where, why 引导的定语从句。在以下名词day, year, time, moment, reason, place等作先行词时,可用that作关系副词引导定语从句。如: (20)I'll never forget the day (that) I joined the League. 我永远不会忘记我入团的那一天。 (21)Is this the reason (that) they were late for the meeting? 这就是他们开会迟到的原因吗? (22)We want to find a place (that) we can have a picnic. 我们想找一个我们能野餐的地方。 (23)This is the first time that I have been abroad for traveling. 这是我第一次到国外去旅游。 (注:先行词是time,前面有序数词或last修饰时,常用that引导定语从句或者省略。) 当先行词为表示方式的词the way时,可用that引导定语从句, that常可以省略。 (24)I don't the way you speak to her. 我不喜欢你和她说话那种方式。 转载请注明出处我优美文网 » 定语从句不用that的情况 |
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