人类基因组序列的完成和工程技术的最新进展，使人们对DNA变异及其对人类疾病和细胞功能的贡献的了解达到了空前的水平。但是，在某些情况下，长时间阅读测序技术无法确定携带特定突变（例如，位于大片段重复中的突变）的基因组区域。转化相关重组（TAR）克隆允许从简单和复杂的基因组中选择性，最准确，有效和快速地分离给定的基因组片段或全长基因。而且，该方法是同时从多个个体中分离相同基因组区域的唯一方法。因此，TAR技术目前处于领先地位，可以创建包含人类基因组的单个基因的文库，并在物理上表征与易感性相关的人类染色体变异（拷贝数变异[CNV]，倒位，易位）的位点来治疗包括癌症在内的各种疾病。我们相信，对人类基因组进行这样的库和分析对于不断增长的基因治疗，新药设计方法和基因组研究领域将具有重要意义。在这篇综述中，我们详细介绍了TAR克隆用于人类基因组研究，生物技术和生物医学的动机，讨论了一些基于TAR的项目的最新进展，并描述了TAR技术如何与基于HAC（人类人工染色体）的CRISPR和CRISPR结合使用基于技术的技术可能会在未来做出贡献。

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Completion of the human genome sequence and recent advances in engineering technologies have enabled an unprecedented level of understanding of DNA variations and their contribution to human diseases and cellular functions. However, in some cases, long-read sequencing technologies do not allow determination of the genomic region carrying a specific mutation (e.g., a mutation located in large segmental duplications). Transformation-associated recombination (TAR) cloning allows selective, most accurate, efficient, and rapid isolation of a given genomic fragment or a full-length gene from simple and complex genomes. Moreover, this method is the only way to simultaneously isolate the same genomic region from multiple individuals. As such, TAR technology is currently in a leading position to create a library of the individual genes that comprise the human genome and physically characterize the sites of chromosomal alterations (copy number variations [CNVs], inversions, translocations) in the human population, associated with the predisposition to different diseases, including cancer. It is our belief that such a library and analysis of the human genome will be of great importance to the growing field of gene therapy, new drug design methods, and genomic research. In this review, we detail the motivation for TAR cloning for human genome studies, biotechnology, and biomedicine, discuss the recent progress of some TAR-based projects, and describe how TAR technology in combination with HAC (human artificial chromosome)-based and CRISPR-based technologies may contribute in the future.