随着人们对能够低温溶液加工的pin钙钛矿太阳能电池（PeSC）的兴趣增加，对低温溶液可加工空穴传输层（HTL）的研究正在成为一个重要问题。尽管溶液处理氧化镍 (NiO) 已被视为最佳 HTL，但需要超过 250 ℃ 的高温后处理才能获得足够的器件性能。在本研究中，研究了由预先合成的 NiO 纳米颗粒分散体制成的 NiO 薄膜作为 HTL，并用 [4-(3,6 二甲基-9 H咔唑 9 基)丁基]膦酸 (Me 4PACz) 修饰其界面，以展示高效的 PeSC在~100℃下加工。具有最佳厚度（约 10 nm）的低温处理 NiO 与 Me 4PACz 的组合表现出 17.4% 的更高效率，而裸 NiO 基器件的效率为 12.4%。 NiO 上的 Me 4PACz 修饰改善了与钙钛矿的能级排列，并且更具疏水性的 NiO/Me 4PACz 诱导出具有更大晶粒和高结晶度的优异钙钛矿层。此外，基于 NiO/Me-4PACz 的 PeSC 在空气中放置 140 天后仍保持其初始效率的 83%。这一结果表明，即使在稳定性方面，我们的低温溶液处理的 NiO/Me 4PACz 也可以成为 HTL 的有前途的候选者。

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As interest in pin perovskite solar cells (PeSCs) capable of low temperature solution process increases, research on the low temperature solution processable hole transport layer (HTL) is emerging as an important issue. Although a solution processed nickel oxide (NiO) has been spotlighted as an optimal HTL, high temperature post treatment over 250 ℃ is required for suff cient device performance. In this study, NiO film fabricated from presynthesized NiO nanoparticle dispersion is investigated as HTLs and their interface is modified with [4-(3,6 dimethyl-9H carbazol 9 yl)butyl]phosphonic acid (Me 4PACz) to demonstrate highly efficient PeSCs processed at ~100 ℃. The combination of the low temperature processed NiO with optimal thickness (~10 nm) and Me 4PACz exhibits higher efficiency of 17.4% comparing to bare NiO based device showing 12.4%. Me 4PACz modification on NiO results in an improved energy level alignment with perovskite and more hydrophobic NiO/Me 4PACz induces excellent perovskite layer with larger grain and high crystallinity. Furthermore, the NiO/Me-4PACz-based PeSC maintains 83% of their initial efficiency after 140 days in air. This result shows that our low temperature solution processed NiO/Me 4PACz can be a promising candidate as HTLs even in terms of stability.