过去分词作状语

过去分词在句中能作状语修饰谓语动词或整个句子。本篇重在解释过去分词作状语的疑难问题。

一、分词在句中作状语时, 可表示时间、原因、条件、方式、伴随、结果、让步等。过去分词作状语多放在句首, 也可放在后面或插在中间。如：

Born in a poor family, Nadia had only two years of schooling.

由于出生于贫寒家庭, 纳迪亚只上过两年学。(表原因)

When asked her future plans, the girl said that she wanted to be a teacher.

当问到未来的计划时, 这个女孩说她想成为一名教师。(表时间)

Some medicines, if wrongly taken, can kill a person.

当误服时, 有些药可以要人命。(表条件)

Encouraged by his parents, he still has no confidence in overcoming the difficulties.

尽管受到了父母的鼓励, 他仍然没有信心克服困难。(表让步)

The patient got off the bed, supported by the nurse.

那个病人在护士的搀扶下下了床。(表方式)

The girl met with an accident when crossing the road, wounded in the head.

那个女孩过马路时出了事故, 头部受了伤。(表结果)

【高考链接】

1.           by a greater demand for vegetables, farmers have built more greenhouses. 

(2007浙江卷)

A. Driven          B. Being driven  C. To drive       D. Having driven

2.          automatically, the e-mail will be received by all the club members.

    (2006上海卷)

A. Mailed out          B. Mailing out   C. To be mailed out D. Having mailed out

【答案】 1~2 AA

二、过去分词作状语, 表示时间、原因、条件、让步时可转换为相应的状语从句；表示方式、结果和伴随时可转化为并列分句。如：

The film star got off the train, surrounded by her fans. →

The film star stepped out of the train and she was surrounded by her fans.

那位电影明星走下火车, 被她的粉丝团团围住。

Given a lot of money, he lived a better life. →

After he was given a lot of money, he lived a better life. →

给他许多钱后, 他的日子过得好多了。

三、过去分词与现在分词的完成被动式的关系：过去分词如果既表示被动, 又表示动作的完成, 常可转化成现在分词的完成被动式；过去分词如果只表示被动, 不表示动作的完成, 则不可与现在分词的完成被动式换用。如：

Seen from the hill, the city looks magnificent.     

从山上看, 这座城市非常壮观。(过去分词只表被动)

Discussed (Having been discussed) many times, the plan was carried out at last.

在讨论了许多次之后, 这个计划最终被执行了。(过去分词既表被动, 也表动作的完成)