XCL1 是一种 C 类趋化因子，也称为 Lymhotactin，主要由活化的 CD8+ T 细胞和自然杀伤细胞产生。XCL1 通过与 XCR1 受体结合发出信号。XCL1 与感染、炎症和免疫疾病有关。XCL1由多种免疫细胞表达，包括活化的 CD8+ T 细胞、CD4+ T 细胞、NK 细胞、NKT 细胞、γδT 细胞和胸腺髓质上皮细胞。 XCL1 通过与称为 XCR1 的受体结合来引发其趋化功能。XCR1 由树突状细胞 (DC) 亚群表达[1]。 人类中有两个高度同源的 C 类趋化因子基因 XCL1 和 XCL2（也分别称为 SCYC1 和 SCYC2）。人类的 XCL1 和 XCL2 基因紧密定位在 1 号染色体上，编码高度同源的蛋白质（也分别称为 SCM-1K 和 SCM-1L），彼此之间只有两个氨基酸差异。与在氨基末端带有两个带有四个半胱氨酸残基的二硫键的 CXC、CC 和 CX3C 类趋化因子不同，XCL1 在氨基末端只有一个带有两个半胱氨酸残基的二硫键。人和小鼠 XCL1s 共享 60% 的氨基酸同一性。在脾脏、胸腺、肠和外周血白细胞中检测到 XCL1 转录物。XCL1 表达也可在肺、结肠、前列腺、睾丸和卵巢中检测到。在白细胞中，XCL1 在血液中的 CD8+ 和 CD4-CD8- TCRαβ+ T 细胞中高表达，胸腺，特别是当细胞被激活时。表皮和肠上皮中的 TCRαβ+ T 细胞也表达 XCL1[1][2]。

XCL1, a C class chemokine also known as Lymphotactin, is mainly produced by activated CD8+ T cells and natural killer cells. XCL1 signals by binding to the XCR1 receptor. XCL1 is involved in infectious, inflammatory and immunological diseases. XCL1 is expressed by various immune cells, including activated CD8+ T cells, CD4+ T cells, NK cells, NKT cells, γδ T cells, and thymic medullary epithelial cells. XCL1 elicits its chemotactic function by binding to the receptor called XCR1. XCR1 is expressed by a dendritic cell (DC) subpopulation[1]. There are two highly homologous C class chemokine genes in human, XCL1 and XCL2 (also known as SCYC1 and SCYC2, respectively). The XCL1 and XCL2 genes in human are localized closely on chromosome 1 and encode highly homologous proteins (also known as SCM-1K and SCM-1L, respectively) with only two amino acid differences from each other. Unlike CXC, CC, and CX3C class chemokines that carry two disulfide bonds with four cysteine residues at the amino termini, XCL1 has only one disulfide bond with two cysteine residues at the amino terminus. Human and mouse XCL1s share 60% amino acid identity. XCL1 transcripts are detected in spleen, thymus, intestine, and peripheral blood leukocytes. XCL1 expression is also detectable in lung, colon, prostate gland, testis, and ovary. In leukocytes, XCL1 is highly expressed in CD8+ and CD4-CD8- TCRαβ+ T cells in blood and thymus, particularly when the cells are activated. TCRαβ+ T cells in epidermis and intestinal epithelium also express XCL1[1].

参考文献:

[1]. Lei Y, et al. XCL1 and XCR1 in the immune system. Microbes Infect. 2012 Mar;14(3):262-7.  [Content Brief]

[2]. Yuan Tian, et al. Blockade of XCL1/Lymphotactin Ameliorates Severity of Periprosthetic Osteolysis Triggered by Polyethylene-Particles. Front Immunol. 2020 Aug 4;11:1720.  [Content Brief]

重组人淋巴细胞趋化因子/XCL1

rHuLymphotactin/XCL1; ATAC; SCYC1

Xcl1; Ltn; Scyc1; Lymphotactin; C motif chemokine 1; Cytokine SCM-1; Small-inducible cytokine C1

Lymphotactin; ATAC; C motif chemokine 1; Cytokine SCM-1; Lymphotaxin; SCM-1-alpha; Small-inducible cytokine C1; XC chemokine ligand 1; LTN; SCYC1 and XCL1

ATAC; C motif chemokine 1; Cytokine SCM-1; SCM-1-alpha; LTN; SCYC1

ATAC; C motif chemokine 1; Cytokine SCM-1; SCM-1-alpha; LTN; SCYC1

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