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2023年高中英语语法之it的基本用法及考点小结代词it基本用法小结人称代词it可以用来代替一个名词、一个短语、一个从句或一个句子，以避免它们在句中的重复。这时它可以指提到过的，也可以指未提到过的，在句中作主语或宾语。(1) 替代刚提到过的同一事物This is our new car. I bought it yesterday. 这是我们的新车。我昨天买的。(2) 指动物或不考虑性别的婴儿Where is the cat It’s under the bed. 猫在哪？它在床下面。The baby cried when it was hungry. 这婴儿饿时就哭。(3) 在情景中确认某人或事物Who is it It’s me. 是谁？(问敲门人) 是我呀。Who’s it over there It’s the milkman. 那边那人是谁？那是送牛奶的What’s this It’s a map. 这是什么？这是张地图。(4) 指代前句或后句所述的情况He smokes in bed and I don’t like it. 他在床上抽烟，我不喜欢他这样。When the factory closes, it will mean 500 workers will be out of work. 工厂一旦关闭, 那就意味着要有500工人失业。It would be ideal if you could join us. 如果你能和我们合作，则太好了。(5) 指时间、距离、天气或环境等What time is it It’s seven o’clock. 几点了？7点。It’s time for supper. =It’s time to have supper. 是该吃晚饭的时候了。It’s about 50 kilometers from here to my home. 从这儿到我家约有五十公里。It is snowing. 正在下雪It was very quiet in the garden. 公园里很寂静。(6) 用于笼统地谈论某种情况I cannot help it. 我也没办法。(7) 指最好的或最渴望得到事物He thinks he’s it. 他一直以为自己是最佳人选。That steak was really it! 那牛排真是不错！We’ve been looking for a house for months and I think this is it. 我们找房子已经找了好几个月了, 我看这所就是我们要找的。it用作形式主语代替动名词主要用于哪些句式it用作形式主语代替动名词的用法主要见于以下句式：1. It is no use (no good, fun, great fun, a new experience, a great honour, etc) doing sth。如：It is no good talking. 空谈是没有用的。It’s fun working for him. 为他工作很有意思。It’s great fun sailing a boat. 扬帆驾舟十分有趣。It’s no use shouting at him—he’s deaf. 向他叫喊是没有用的——他耳聋。It has been a great honour your coming to visit us. 你来看望我们是极大荣幸。2. It is good (nice, useless, interesting, pleasant, tiring, etc) doing sth。如：It is useless speaking. 光说没有用。It was pleasant sitting there. 坐在那里很愉快。It’s so nice sitting here with you. 和你坐在一起真是愉快。It’s good hearing English spoken. 听到人讲英语，我很高兴。It’s terribly tiring working late like this. 这样干到深夜是非常累人的。3. it is worth while doing sth。如：It’s worth while doing the work. 这项工作值得做。Do you think it’s worth while quarrelling with me 你认为和我吵值得吗 4. 其他句式。如：It doesn’t matter wasting a little money. 浪费一点钱没有关系。It felt funny being dressed like a peasant girl. 打扮成村姑感到有点怪怪的。What’s it like being married 结婚是什么味道。哪些从句作主语时可用it作形式主语原则上说，it用作形式主语可以代替下列从句：1. that从句It is quite clear that he has read the book. 很显然，他读过这本书。(HM)2. what从句It doesn’t matter what he says. 他说什么没关系。(HM)It was clear enough what he meant. 他的意思是很明显的。3. who从句It hasn’t been decided who will be sent to work there. 还没决定将派谁到那里工作。4. how从句It struck her how gentle he was being. 她深深感到他多么温存。5. when从句It hasn’t been made clear when the conference is to take place. 会议什么时候召开还没有宣布。6. where从句It’s not known where she went. 她到哪里去了没人知道。It did not matter much where he lived. 他在哪里住都没有关系。7. why从句It was clear why he had asked for a conference. 他为什么要求召开会议原因很清楚。8. whether从句It makes little difference whether we go or stay. 我们去还是留没有多大差别。It’s not yet settled whether I am going to America. 我去不去美国还没定。此题考查it与one的区别 请看下面一道题：I want very much to buy a colour TV set, but I can’t afford _________.A. it B. one C. this D. that答案选B，但容易误选A。it 和 one 的区别可简单地概括为：it = the + 名词，one = a + 名词。如：I haven’t any dictionaries, and I want to borrow one. 我没有词典，我想借一本。(one = a dictionary)I have two dictionaries, and I can lend one to you. 我有两本词典，我可以借一本给你。(one = a dictionary)I have a dictionary, and I can lend it to you. 我有一本词典，我可以把它借给你。(it = the dictionary)根据上面一题的语境，句子后半截显然应该是 … but I can’t afford a colour TV set，而不是 but I can’t afford the colour TV set，所以答案选B。介绍一种特殊用法的形式宾语请看下面这道题：May I take __________ that you have agreed to stay with us.A. this B. that C. it D. all【分析】此题选C，这是一种比较特殊的形式宾语。一般说来，形式宾语it主要用于以下句型：动词＋it＋宾语补足语＋真正的宾语。也就是说在通常情况下，要用形式宾语，原句型应有宾语补足语。以上句型特殊之处就在于：在形式宾语和真正的宾语(名词性从句)之间没有宾语补足语。类似情况有：I take it (that) you agree. 我以为你同意了。Lenin has it that imperialism is the last stage of capitalism. 列宁认为帝国主义是资本主义的最后阶段。Report has it that about 30 people were killed in the accident. 据报道，在这次事故中大约在30人丧命。I’ll see to it that all these letters will be sent to the post before twelve. 我将注意让所有的信件在12点以前送到邮局。You may depend on it that he will turn up in time. 你可以相信他会及时赶到的。I can’t answer for it that the boy is honest. (=I can’t answer for his honesty). 我不能保证这个 男孩是诚实的。I can swear to it that this man stole our money. 我可以发誓，这个人偷了我们的钱。典型形式宾语考题分析I don’t think __________ possible to master a foreign language without much memory work.A. this B. that C. its D. it【分析】此题的选项A，B都容易误选。其实此题应选D，主要考查形式宾语 it 的使用。一般说来，形式宾语it主要用于以下句型：动词＋it＋宾语补足语＋真正的宾语。其中的动词通常是 think，find，feel，believe，take，consider，make 等；其中的宾语补足语通常是形容词，有时是名词；而其中真正的宾语通常是比较复杂的成分(如不定式、动名词、从句等)：We found it difficult to persuade her. 我们发现很难说服她。He makes it a rule to get up before dawn. 他习惯于天亮前起床。We found it an easy thing to get along with him. 我们发现与他相处很容易。I think it very strange that he goes out walkingalmost every night. 我认为他几乎每晚都出去散步是很奇怪的。有时可在用作宾语的不定式前加上介词 for / of短语：People felt it impossible for man to fly into the outer space some years ago. 几年前，人们觉得人不可能飞入太空。I don’t think it wise for [of] him to choose such a difficult subject. 我认为他选择这样难的学科是不明智的。典型形式主语考题分析Is __________ necessary to complete the design before National Day A. this B. that C. it D. he【分析】此题应选C，其余各项均有一定的干扰性。这里主要考查形式主语it的用法。一般说来，当主语是比较复杂的成分(如不定式、动名词、从句等)时，通常在句首使用形式主语 it，而把真正的主语放在后面：Is it necessary to tell his father everything 有必要把这一切都告诉他父亲吗 It is wrong to say anything like that on that occasion. 在那种场合说那样的话是错误的。It’s no good sitting up too late. 熬夜没有好处。It’ll be wonderful lying on the beach all day. 整天躺在海滩上该是多么妙啊!It is quite clear that he has read the book. 很显然，他读过这本书。It’s a problem where we could get so much money. 我们到哪里去弄这么多钱，这是一个难题。有时可在用作主语的不定式前加上介词 for / of短语：It is very kind of you to say that. 你这样说，真是太好了。It is important for us to keep the balance of nature. 我们要保持生态平衡，这点很重要。

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