be contrary to 

与……相反；违反 

【例】The results are contrary to expectations. 

结果与预期相反

in and out 

进进出出；来来往往 

【例】She slipped in and out of the theatre by a side door.

她从剧院的侧门溜进溜出。 

prefer to 

宁愿；更喜欢 

【例】We prefer to stay where we are. 

我们宁愿保持着现在的样子。 

lack of 

缺乏

【例】They charged the accident to the lack of experience.

他们把事故的发生归咎于缺乏经验。 

by accident 

偶然；意外地 

【例】We met by accident at the airport. 

我们在机场不期而遇。 

contribute to 

捐献；导致；有助于 

【例】Would you like to contribute to our collection？ 

你愿意给我们的募捐捐款吗？ 

provide…with 

提供；供给 

【例】Beijing University provided her with an allowance when she was studying there. 

北京大学在她学习期间给她提供了津贴。 

if only 

只要；但愿 

【例】If only you practise，you could form any habits. 

只要常做，就会形成习惯 

rather than 

而不是

【例】I think I'll have a cold drink rather than coffff ee. 

我想要冷饮，而不是咖啡。 

be obliged to 

被迫做；有义务；感谢 

【例】The government might be obliged to put its money where its mouth is to prove its commitment. 

政府也许会被迫付出行动，兑现承诺。 

aim for 

为……目标；瞄准；力争

【例】We aim for the completion of the task by the end of the year. 

我们的最终目的是最迟年底完成这项工作。 

give up 

投降；认输；放弃 

【例】They gave up without a fight. 

他们不战而降。 

in theory 

理论上；按理说 

【例】In theory，these machines should last for ten years or more. 

从理论上讲，这些机器应该能用10年以上。 

take measures 

采取措施；设法；着手 

【例】We are able to take measures before it is too late. 

趁还来得及，我们可以采取一些措施。

depend on 

依赖；信赖；取决于 

【例】The community depends on the shipping industry for its survival. 

这个地区依靠航运维持生活。 

at large 

未被捕的；详尽的 

【例】Her killer is still at large. 

杀害她的凶手仍然逍遥法外。 

give in 

屈服；投降；让步；交上 

【例】He was compelled to give in. 

他被迫屈服。 

be inclined to 

倾向于……；偏重；有意 

【例】We would be inclined to talk about the things which are about to take place. 

我们将倾向于说说那些即将发生的事情。 

concern for 

为……担心；关心；关注 

【例】There is grave concern for the safety of witnesses. 

人们非常担心证人的安全

no longer 

不再；不复 

【例】He no longer lives here. 

他不再住这儿了。 

go against 

违背；反对；不利于 

【例】He went against my wishes when he did not show up.

他这么做违背了我的意愿。 

show up 

出现；到来 

【例】We waited until five oʼclock，but he did not show up. 

我们一直等到了5点，但是他始终没有露面。 

only if 

只有；只要……就；只是在……的时候；除非 

【例】You can make progress only if you are modest. 

惟虚心才能进步。

renege on 

违背；食言

【例】The trading system will have much more trouble if the United States reneges on its traditional leadership role. 

如果美国背弃了原来自由贸易领导者的形象，世贸体系将会遇到更大的困难。 

take advantage of 

利用；欺骗

【例】Success can breed success，if you take advantage of it.

只要你好好利用，成功可以孕育新的成功。 

keep…from doing 

组织……做某事 

【例】Faith can keep people from doing bad things. 

信仰可阻止人做坏事。 

on behalf of 

代表；为了 

【例】I am appealing on behalf of the famine victims. 

我代表饥民恳求援助。 

be confronted with 

面临；对照 

【例】The new system will be confronted with great diffff iculties at the start. 

新系统开始时将会遇到极大困难。 

be unlikely to 

未必会发生；不太可能 

【例】The car would be unlikely to be able to make the turn

汽车未必能做这样的转弯。 

stay away from 

与……保持距离；离开；不去（某处） 

【例】I want you to stay away from my daughter. 

我要你离我女儿远远的。 

take the lead 

占主要地位；领先；带头 

【例】We will continue to be vigilant and to take the lead on all aspects of tobacco control. 

我们将继续保持警惕并在烟草控制的各个方面发挥带头作用。 

be considered as 

被视为 / 看作是…… 

【例】Certainly there are other responsibilities，but they should be considered as secondary. 

当然还有其他的责任，但它们应被视为次要的。 

be puzzled by 

被……所困扰 / 迷惑 

【例】Our ancestors are sure to be puzzled by modern financial choice. 

我们的祖先肯定会被现代的许多财务选择搞得茫然失措。 

by nature 

生性；天生地 

【例】He was very generous by nature. 

他生性慷慨。 

as a result 

结果

As a result，only the light from behind the objects can be seen. 

结果，只有那些从该材料背后传来的光能被看见。 

pay attention to 

注意；关心；重视 

【例】We should pay attention to this from the very beginning. 

我们从一开始就要注意这个问题。 

be dominant over 

占主导地位的；主导；支配 

【例】They support the idea that men should be domiant over women in relationships. 

他们认为，在两性关系中，男性应占主导地位。 

get over 

从（不快或疾病中）恢复过来；战胜（问题、困难）；使明白

【例】It took me a very long time to get over the shock of her death. 

得知她去世的消息我惊愕不已，很长时间才缓过劲来。 

at the end of 

在……尽头；在……末端；最终 

【例】There is a shop at the end of the street. 

这条街走到头有一个商店。 

as usual 

像往常一样；照例；依旧 

【例】As usual at that hour，the place was deserted.

跟平常那个时刻一样，那地方空荡荡的。 

a bit of 

有点儿；稍微 

【例】A bit of exercise will help liɇ his spirits. 

进行一点体育锻炼能帮助他改善情绪。

be peculiar to 

独有的；独特的

【例】The problem is by no means peculiar to America. 

这个问题绝对不只限于美国。 

as for / to 

至于，关于；就……而言；在……方面 

【例】As for whether you should change your job，only you can decide. 

至于是否要改变你的工作，只有你才能作出决定。 

derive from 

起源于；来自；从……衍生出 

【例】The word derive from Greek. 

这个单词源于希腊文。 

be generous to

 对……慷慨 

【例】When others are in diffff iculties，we should be generous to them. 

当他人遇到困难的时候，我们应该慷慨解囊。 

sum up 

总结；概述；计算……的总数；合计 

【例】Then he summed up our opinions. 

然后，他总结了了下我们大家的意见。 

die out 

灭绝；逐渐消失；（火）逐渐熄灭 

【例】Many species are in danger of dying out. 

许多物种都处于濒临灭绝的危险中。 

in contrast 

相比之下；与此相反 

【例】It was cold yesterday，but in contrast itʼs very hot today. 

take oneʼs stand 

表明立场

【例】Courage means we take our stand for the truth. 

勇气意味着我们坚持真理的立场。 

wipe out 

彻底消灭；擦掉；跌倒 

【例】Whole villages were wiped out by the earthquake. 

地震把整座整座的村庄夷为平地。