windows下的安装与使用curl实现命令行访问Web网站

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windows下的安装与使用curl实现命令行访问Web网站

2024-07-03 13:21| 来源: 网络整理| 查看: 265

文章目录 curl 是什么?curl 能干什么?Windows下的curl的使用curl常见用法获取内容的命令选项参数传递(-d)Cookie操作 使用注意事项curl 命令选项大全

curl 是什么?

矫情一点, curl应该写作cURL, 全写是:CommandLine Uniform Resource Locator, 命令行统一资源定位器。顾名思义,cURL就是使用命令行访问网页URL的工具。 Linux系统自带curl工具, 以CentOS为例, 在命令行终端输入:

curl https://www.baidu.com

稍好片刻,终端会返回网站的响应源代码,效果如下: 在这里插入图片描述

curl 能干什么?

正常使用浏览器访问在线网页,是不需要使用curl的, curl比较常使用在爬虫程序或是网页分析的程序中。场景包括:

定期爬某些网站,获取源码,解析其中有用的部分企业内部系统串接, 被访问系统提供HTTP(s)的对外接口,附加GET类型的参数,并返回执行成功与失败的响应。脚本程序。比如批次脚本或是部署脚本。 Windows下的curl的使用

Windows默认没有提供该工具,但可以下载第三方的程序,下载地址: https://curl.haxx.se/windows/ 下载页面如下(根据操作系统版本选择下载): 在这里插入图片描述 下载完成是一个.zip 的压缩文件, 要在命令行窗口直接使用curl命令,需要做以下两件事:

下载之后解压。配置环境变量。将curl解压后的bin目录配置到系统Path变量中,这样打开命令行就可以直接使用curl命令了。

这里解压到D盘install 目录,解压后目录结构如下: 在这里插入图片描述 Windows 10下环境配置页面如下: 在这里插入图片描述

以上配置完成,新开Windows 命令行窗口, 输入 curl https://www.baidu.com, 出现以上和Linux类同的响应即安装成功。

curl常见用法

除了获取页面源码外, curl 还可以通过添加命令选项获取头信息、添加参数、发送Cookie等操作。

获取内容的命令选项 基本使用,获取内容(HTTP源码) curl www.baidu.com-i 除了网页内容,还包括头信息,比如 curl www.baidu.com -i -I 仅获取头信息,比如:curl www.baidu.com -I -v 获取更详细的信息, 比如: curl www.baidu.com -v 。 v是verbose(详细)的简写, 包括:源码,头,IP,协议等 参数传递(-d)

curl使用 -d 选项传递参数,对于不同类型的请求参数,可以结合 -X 参数。

GET类型的参数 GET类型的请求参数其实可以直接附加在URL后面, 类似: http://地址?参数名1=参数值1&参数名2=参数值2。也可以使用 -d 和 -G 选项(-d 后面是参数的键和值, -G代表GET方法类型,与-X GET 效果类似),类似: curl -G -d "username=oscar" www.baidu.com POST方法参数 直接看实例: curl -d "username=oscar" -X POST www.baidu.com

这里的 -X POST也可以省略,直接写成:

curl -d "username=oscar" www.baidu.com 多个参数的传递 多个参数可以使用 &, 也可以使用多个 -d。 方式1: 使用& curl -d "username=oscar&password=123" www.baidu.com

方式2: 多个 -d 选项

curl -d "username=oscar" -d "password=123" www.baidu.com 参数文件 如果参数较多的话,也可以将参数放在一个文件中,使用参数文件进行传递,比如: curl -d "@params.txt" www.baidu.com

params.txt是文件名

Cookie操作

Cookie的操作包括:

发送Cookie到服务端接收服务端返回的Cookie,写入本地 对应以上两种操作,可以分别使用 -b 和 -c 命令选项。-b , 发送Cookie到服务器 ,示例: curl -b "foo=bar" www.baidu.com, 也可以发送文件,示例:curl -b cookies.txt www.baidu.com-c,将Cookie写入文件,示例:curl -c cookies.txt www.baidu.com 使用注意事项

以上参数使用双引号包含起来的,类似 “username=oscar”,在Linux系统下也可以使用单引号。但是在Windows下使用单引号会无法成功执行,出现的状况是:命令执行后,页面卡住不动。

curl 命令选项大全 --anyauth Pick "any" authentication method (H) -a, --append Append to target file when uploading (F/SFTP) --basic Use HTTP Basic Authentication (H) --cacert FILE CA certificate to verify peer against (SSL) --capath DIR CA directory to verify peer against (SSL) -E, --cert CERT[:PASSWD] Client certificate file and password (SSL) --cert-type TYPE Certificate file type (DER/PEM/ENG) (SSL) --ciphers LIST SSL ciphers to use (SSL) --compressed Request compressed response (using deflate or gzip) -K, --config FILE Specify which config file to read --connect-timeout SECONDS Maximum time allowed for connection -C, --continue-at OFFSET Resumed transfer offset -b, --cookie STRING/FILE String or file to read cookies from (H) -c, --cookie-jar FILE Write cookies to this file after operation (H) --create-dirs Create necessary local directory hierarchy --crlf Convert LF to CRLF in upload --crlfile FILE Get a CRL list in PEM format from the given file -d, --data DATA HTTP POST data (H) --data-ascii DATA HTTP POST ASCII data (H) --data-binary DATA HTTP POST binary data (H) --data-urlencode DATA HTTP POST data url encoded (H) --delegation STRING GSS-API delegation permission --digest Use HTTP Digest Authentication (H) --disable-eprt Inhibit using EPRT or LPRT (F) --disable-epsv Inhibit using EPSV (F) -D, --dump-header FILE Write the headers to this file --egd-file FILE EGD socket path for random data (SSL) --engine ENGINGE Crypto engine (SSL). "--engine list" for list -f, --fail Fail silently (no output at all) on HTTP errors (H) -F, --form CONTENT Specify HTTP multipart POST data (H) --form-string STRING Specify HTTP multipart POST data (H) --ftp-account DATA Account data string (F) --ftp-alternative-to-user COMMAND String to replace "USER [name]" (F) --ftp-create-dirs Create the remote dirs if not present (F) --ftp-method [MULTICWD/NOCWD/SINGLECWD] Control CWD usage (F) --ftp-pasv Use PASV/EPSV instead of PORT (F) -P, --ftp-port ADR Use PORT with given address instead of PASV (F) --ftp-skip-pasv-ip Skip the IP address for PASV (F) --ftp-pret Send PRET before PASV (for drftpd) (F) --ftp-ssl-ccc Send CCC after authenticating (F) --ftp-ssl-ccc-mode ACTIVE/PASSIVE Set CCC mode (F) --ftp-ssl-control Require SSL/TLS for ftp login, clear for transfer (F) -G, --get Send the -d data with a HTTP GET (H) -g, --globoff Disable URL sequences and ranges using {} and [] -H, --header LINE Custom header to pass to server (H) -I, --head Show document info only -h, --help This help text --hostpubmd5 MD5 Hex encoded MD5 string of the host public key. (SSH) -0, --http1.0 Use HTTP 1.0 (H) --ignore-content-length Ignore the HTTP Content-Length header -i, --include Include protocol headers in the output (H/F) -k, --insecure Allow connections to SSL sites without certs (H) --interface INTERFACE Specify network interface/address to use -4, --ipv4 Resolve name to IPv4 address -6, --ipv6 Resolve name to IPv6 address -j, --junk-session-cookies Ignore session cookies read from file (H) --keepalive-time SECONDS Interval between keepalive probes --key KEY Private key file name (SSL/SSH) --key-type TYPE Private key file type (DER/PEM/ENG) (SSL) --krb LEVEL Enable Kerberos with specified security level (F) --libcurl FILE Dump libcurl equivalent code of this command line --limit-rate RATE Limit transfer speed to this rate -l, --list-only List only names of an FTP directory (F) --local-port RANGE Force use of these local port numbers -L, --location Follow redirects (H) --location-trusted like --location and send auth to other hosts (H) -M, --manual Display the full manual --mail-from FROM Mail from this address --mail-rcpt TO Mail to this receiver(s) --mail-auth AUTH Originator address of the original email --max-filesize BYTES Maximum file size to download (H/F) --max-redirs NUM Maximum number of redirects allowed (H) -m, --max-time SECONDS Maximum time allowed for the transfer --metalink Process given URLs as metalink XML file --negotiate Use HTTP Negotiate Authentication (H) -n, --netrc Must read .netrc for user name and password --netrc-optional Use either .netrc or URL; overrides -n --netrc-file FILE Set up the netrc filename to use -N, --no-buffer Disable buffering of the output stream --no-keepalive Disable keepalive use on the connection --no-sessionid Disable SSL session-ID reusing (SSL) --noproxy List of hosts which do not use proxy --ntlm Use HTTP NTLM authentication (H) -o, --output FILE Write output to instead of stdout --pass PASS Pass phrase for the private key (SSL/SSH) --post301 Do not switch to GET after following a 301 redirect (H) --post302 Do not switch to GET after following a 302 redirect (H) --post303 Do not switch to GET after following a 303 redirect (H) -#, --progress-bar Display transfer progress as a progress bar --proto PROTOCOLS Enable/disable specified protocols --proto-redir PROTOCOLS Enable/disable specified protocols on redirect -x, --proxy [PROTOCOL://]HOST[:PORT] Use proxy on given port --proxy-anyauth Pick "any" proxy authentication method (H) --proxy-basic Use Basic authentication on the proxy (H) --proxy-digest Use Digest authentication on the proxy (H) --proxy-negotiate Use Negotiate authentication on the proxy (H) --proxy-ntlm Use NTLM authentication on the proxy (H) -U, --proxy-user USER[:PASSWORD] Proxy user and password --proxy1.0 HOST[:PORT] Use HTTP/1.0 proxy on given port -p, --proxytunnel Operate through a HTTP proxy tunnel (using CONNECT) --pubkey KEY Public key file name (SSH) -Q, --quote CMD Send command(s) to server before transfer (F/SFTP) --random-file FILE File for reading random data from (SSL) -r, --range RANGE Retrieve only the bytes within a range --raw Do HTTP "raw", without any transfer decoding (H) -e, --referer Referer URL (H) -J, --remote-header-name Use the header-provided filename (H) -O, --remote-name Write output to a file named as the remote file --remote-name-all Use the remote file name for all URLs -R, --remote-time Set the remote file's time on the local output -X, --request COMMAND Specify request command to use --resolve HOST:PORT:ADDRESS Force resolve of HOST:PORT to ADDRESS --retry NUM Retry request NUM times if transient problems occur --retry-delay SECONDS When retrying, wait this many seconds between each --retry-max-time SECONDS Retry only within this period -S, --show-error Show error. With -s, make curl show errors when they occur -s, --silent Silent mode. Don't output anything --socks4 HOST[:PORT] SOCKS4 proxy on given host + port --socks4a HOST[:PORT] SOCKS4a proxy on given host + port --socks5 HOST[:PORT] SOCKS5 proxy on given host + port --socks5-basic Enable username/password auth for SOCKS5 proxies --socks5-gssapi Enable GSS-API auth for SOCKS5 proxies --socks5-hostname HOST[:PORT] SOCKS5 proxy, pass host name to proxy --socks5-gssapi-service NAME SOCKS5 proxy service name for gssapi --socks5-gssapi-nec Compatibility with NEC SOCKS5 server -Y, --speed-limit RATE Stop transfers below speed-limit for 'speed-time' secs -y, --speed-time SECONDS Time for trig speed-limit abort. Defaults to 30 --ssl Try SSL/TLS (FTP, IMAP, POP3, SMTP) --ssl-reqd Require SSL/TLS (FTP, IMAP, POP3, SMTP) -2, --sslv2 Use SSLv2 (SSL) -3, --sslv3 Use SSLv3 (SSL) --ssl-allow-beast Allow security flaw to improve interop (SSL) --stderr FILE Where to redirect stderr. - means stdout --tcp-nodelay Use the TCP_NODELAY option -t, --telnet-option OPT=VAL Set telnet option --tftp-blksize VALUE Set TFTP BLKSIZE option (must be >512) -z, --time-cond TIME Transfer based on a time condition -1, --tlsv1 Use => TLSv1 (SSL) --tlsv1.0 Use TLSv1.0 (SSL) --tlsv1.1 Use TLSv1.1 (SSL) --tlsv1.2 Use TLSv1.2 (SSL) --trace FILE Write a debug trace to the given file --trace-ascii FILE Like --trace but without the hex output --trace-time Add time stamps to trace/verbose output --tr-encoding Request compressed transfer encoding (H) -T, --upload-file FILE Transfer FILE to destination --url URL URL to work with -B, --use-ascii Use ASCII/text transfer -u, --user USER[:PASSWORD] Server user and password --tlsuser USER TLS username --tlspassword STRING TLS password --tlsauthtype STRING TLS authentication type (default SRP) --unix-socket FILE Connect through this UNIX domain socket -A, --user-agent STRING User-Agent to send to server (H) -v, --verbose Make the operation more talkative -V, --version Show version number and quit -w, --write-out FORMAT What to output after completion --xattr Store metadata in extended file attributes -q If used as the first parameter disables .curlrc


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