Zung, W. W. (1965). A self-rating depression scale. Archives of General Psychiatry, 12(1), 63-70. Link: 站外链接

This study introduces the development and validation of the Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS), which is widely used as a convenient and intuitive tool for assessing subjective feelings of depression in adults. The SDS is recommended by the U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare for psychiatric research and clinical practice. However, it may have limitations in assessing severe melancholic symptoms and may be less effective for individuals with lower education levels or slightly lower intellectual capacities.