1、副词短语（Adverbial phrase）

As soon as Mike received the good news, he called his friends. （逗号前的句子都是描述called这个动词，为副词短语。)

Only once in a while did the alumni students visit their old school. (副词短语修饰动词)

2、名词短语（Noun phrase）

The man who opened the door 【结构为：主语+形容词从句，此句不是句子，缺少动词，而只是名词短语】

The dog inside the house 【结构为：主语+介词短语，缺少动词，是名词短语】

3、介词短语（Prepositional Phrase）

可充当形容词或副词，本身不是句子。

The red sports car in the driveway was not mine. (前面是名词，充当形容词)

She was moving into the house next door. (前面是动词，充当副词)