高中语法之名词性从句精讲.docx |
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高中语法之名词性从句精讲.docx 《高中语法之名词性从句精讲.docx》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《高中语法之名词性从句精讲.docx(6页珍藏版)》请在冰豆网上搜索。 高中语法之名词性从句精讲 高中语法之名词性从句精讲 一、考点聚焦 1、名词性从句中连接词的运用 名词性从句中的连接词有连词that/whether/asif,连接代词what/who/which/whose/whatever/whoever/whomever/whichever,连接副词where/when/why/how/wherever/whenever。 (1)that的用法。 ①主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句中用that但不能省略。 如: ThattheyaregoodatEnglishisknowntousall. Theproblemisthatwedon’thaveenoughmoney. SheexpressedthehopethattheywouldcometoChinaoneday. ②宾语从句中的连接词that有时可省有时又不可省,在以下几种情况中that不能省略: (A)当that从句和主句谓语动词之间有插入词语或者从句主语之间有插入语时,that不可省略;(B)当that从句与另一名词性从句并列作宾语时,that不能省;(C)当that作介词宾语时,that不可省掉。 如: Hejudgedthat,becausehewasachild,hedidnotunderstand wine Everyoneknewwhathappenedandthatshewasworried. Thereasonliesinthatsheworksharderthantheothersdo. ③that从句作主语和宾语时,可以用it来替换成以下几种结构表达。 (A)Itisclear/certain/likely/true/surprisingthat…(B)Itisapity/shame/goodidea/nowonderthat...(C)Itissaid/reported/believed/known/thought/suggestedthat…(D)Itseems/happensthat。 如: IthappenedthatIwentoutlastnight. ItissaidthatChinawillwinintheWorldCup. ④that和what的区别。 that引导名词性从句时,在主从句中不以当任何句子成分,也没有任何含义;而what引导名词性从句时,在主从句中都要充当一定的句子成分,what可以分解成定语从句中的先行词+关系代词即常说的先行词+that。 如: It’sshamethathehasmadesuchamistake.Dowhathesays. ⑤同位语从句与定语从句中that的区别。 同位语从句中的连词that只起连接作用,在从句中不担当任何句子成分;而定语从句中的关系代词that在句中做宾语或主语,宾语与先行词有修饰关系。 如果句子是同位语从句,就应用连词that而不能用which.同位语从句一般放在表具体含义的名词后解释名词的含义或内容,如以下名词: news、fact、suggestion、truth、plan、belief、doubt、possibility、idea等,而定语从句只是对先行词的限定和修饰。 如: TheyexpressedthehopethattheywouldcometovisitChinaagain.(同位语从句) ThehopesheexpressedisthattheywouldcometovisitChinaagain.(定语从句) (2)whether和if的用法。 ①whether和if在宾语从句中可以互换,但是作介词宾语时连接词一般用whether。 如: Italldependsonwhethertheywillcomeback. ②后面直接跟ornot时用whether。 如: Ididn’tknowwhetherornothehadarrivedinWuhan. ③主语从句表语从句中只能用whether。 如: Whetherthemeetingwillbeputoffhasnotbeendecidedyet. Thequestioniswhethertheyhavesomuchmoney. ④whether可以引导同位语从句,用以说明前面的名词的内容,if不能。 如: Weoughttodiscusscarefullythequestionwhetherwecando itornot. ⑤whether常与or连用表示一种选择,if不能这样用;whether也可与动词不定式连用但if不能。 如: Thequestionofwhethertheyaremaleorfemaleisnotimpor- tant. Ihavenotdecidedwhethertogoornot. ⑥间接引语位于句首时或者是间接引语提前时用whether不用if。 如: Thankyou,butwhetherI’llbefreeI’mnotsureatthemoment. ⑦whether可引导一个让步状语从句表示“不管”、“无论”,而if不能。 如: Whetherhecomesornot,wewillbeginourpartyontime. (3)疑问词+ever和nomatter+疑问词的区别。 ①疑问词+ever可引导名词性从句,在主从句中要充当一定的部分。 如: Whoeverbreakstherulemustbepunished. Youcanchoosewhateveryoulikeintheshop. ②疑问词+ever还可引导让步状语从句。 如: Whoeverbreakstherule,hemustbepunished, Whateveryoudo,youmustdoitwell. ③nomatter+疑问词只能引导让步状语从句。 如: Nomatterwhatyoudo,youmustdoitwell. Nomatterwhobreakstherule,hemustbepunished. (4)when和where引导的同位语从句与定语从句的区别。 when和where前面的名词若是表示时间、地点的名词,则when和where引导的是定语从句,否则则为同位语从句。 如: Theyputforwardthequestionwheretheycouldgetthemoney. Thisistheplacewheretheaccidenthappened. 2、名词性从句中主句和从句的时态一致 (1)宾语从句中主句和从句的时态保持一致,但如果从句中表示提示的是客观现象,虽然主句是过去时态,从句仍用一般现在时。 如: Hello,Ididn’tknowyouwereinLondon.Howlonghaveyoubeenhere? Theteachertoldusthatlighttravelsataveryhighspeed. (2)主语从句作主语相当于单数第三人称作主语,谓语动词用单数,如果由and连接两个或两个以上的主语从句作主语时,谓语动词用复数;由两个或多个连接词引导一个主语从句,谓语动词用单数。 如: Whenthemeetingwillbeginhasnotbeendecidedyet. Whentheywillstartandwheretheygohavenotbeendecidedyet. Whenandwherethemeetingwillbeginhasnotbeendecided. 3、名词性从句的词序 名词性从句在句中要用陈述句语序。 如: Heaskedmewhatwasthematterwithme. We’veheardthenewsthatwe’llmoveintothenewhouse. Whateveryousaywillinterestusall. 二、精典名题导解 选择填空 1.Acomputercanonlydo________youhaveinstructedittodo.(NMET2001) A.howB.afterC.whatD.when 解析: 答案为C。 本题考查的是名词性从句作宾语的用法。 此句的引导词既作连词又在宾语从句中充当一成分,故what最合适。 2.—IdrovetoZhuhaifortheairshowlastweek.. —Isthat_________youhadafewdaysoff? (NMET99) A.whyB.whenC.whatD.where 解析: 答案为A。 此题考查的是从句的用法。 根据题意“我上周开车去珠海看航空展去了。 ”下面一句接着问: “那就是你为什么离开的原因吗? ”故用why引导表语从句表示原因。 3.Ihate__________whenpeopetalkwiththeirmouthsfull.(NMET98) A.itB.thatC.theseD.them 解析: 答案为A。 本题考查的是形式宾语的用法。 题意为“我讨厌人们谈话时嘴里塞满东西”。 该空白处没有任何含义,而且已经用了when连接该宾语从句,所以此处只填一个形式宾语it。 名词性从句 l._the2008OlympicGameswillbeheldinBeijingmakesthenationveryexcited. A.WheneverB.IfC.WhetherD.That 2.TheheadmastermadeasuggestionthatthesportsmeetuntilnextSunday. A.WillbeputoffB.willputoffC.putoffD.beputoff 3.isafactthatEnglishpeopleandAmericanpeoplesharealotofcustoms. A.ThereB.ThisC.ThatD.that 4.DrBlackcomesfromeither0xfordofCambridge,Ican’tremember. A.whereB.thereC.whichD.that 5.hesaidatthemeetingastonishedeverybodypresent. A.WhatB.ThatC.ThefactD.Thematter 6.Irememberthisusedtobeaquietvillage. A.whenB.howC.whereD.what 7.Canyoutellmetherailwaystation? A.howIcangettoB.howcanIgetto C.whereIcangettoD.wherecanIgetto 8.Wealltookforgrantedthathewouldagreewithus. A.itB.himC.thatD.what 9.Itworriedherabitherhairwasturninggrey. A.whileB.thatC.ifD.for 10.leavestheroomlastoughttoturnoffthe1ights. A.AnyoneB.ThepersonC.WhoeverD.Who 11.theyaremostinterestedinistheycanproducemoreandbettercars. A.That;howB.What;howC.What;thatD.That;that 12.Thereasonshegavefornotbeingpresentwastheheavysnowpreventedhercoming. A.why;becauseB.why;whetherC.that;thatD.how;that l3.Ihavewillbeyourssoonerorlater. A.NomatterwhatB.NomatterhowC.WhateverD.However 14.WordcameIwaswantedattheoffice. A.whichB.whyC.thatD.whether 15.Thetownisnolongeritwastenyearsago. A.whichB.thatC.whatD.when 16.Itisgenerallyconsideredunwisetogiveachildbeorshewants. A.howeverB.whateverC.whicheverD.whenever 17.Pleasetellmeyouwouldliketohaveyourcoffee—blackorwhite? A.whatB.whereC.whenD.how 18.—Doyourememberbecame? —Yes,Ido.Hecamebycar. A.howB.whenC.thatD.if l9.wecan’tgetseemsbetterthatwehave. A.What;whatB.What: thatC.That;thatD.That: what 20.—IdrovetoZhuhaifortheAirShowlastweek. —Isthatyouhadafewdaysoff? A.whyB.whenC.whatD.where 21.Youcantakemeasuresyouthinkgoodtodealwiththeproblems. A.whateverB.howeverC.whicheverD.those 22.—hasmadeourcityDaliansheistaday? —ItistheParty’spolicythathasmadeittakeonanewlook. A.What;thatB.That;whatC.there;soD.That;that 23.ItwasattheverybeginningMrWhitemade thedecisionweshouldsendmorefirefightersthere. A.that: thatB.when;whichC.there;whatD.where;what 24.Itwasheworkedoutthemathsproblemthatwewantedtoknow. A.whatB.howC.thatD.which 25.Therewillbeaspecialpriceforbuysthingsinlargenumbershere. A.whoB.whomC.whoeverD.whomever 26.—Irangyouaboutten,buttherewasnoreply. —0h,thatwasprobablyIwasseeingthedoctor. A.whenB.whyC.whatD.that 27.Mariahastobaby-sit.That’sshecan’tcomeoutwithus. A.howB.whyC.whenD.what 28.surprisedmemostwastheyhadfinishedtheworksoquickly. A.What: whatB.That;thatC.What: thatD.That;what 29.Youcan’timaginewhentheyreceivedtheseniceChristmaspresents. A.howtheywereexcitedB.howexcitedtheywere C.howexcitedweretheyD.theywerehowexcited 名词性从句 1-5DDDCA6-10CAABC11-15BCCCC16-20BDAAA21-25ACABC26-29ABCB
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