以深度学习为代表的人工智能在口腔颌面医学影像学领域得到越来越多的关注，被广泛用于图像分析与影像质量提升。本文主要阐述深度学习用于口腔颌面影像中牙及其他解剖结构的自动检测、识别和分割，口腔颌面部疾病检测与辅助诊断，以及法医学牙齿鉴定方面的研究进展；并分析目前研究的局限以及展望未来的发展方向。

Artificial intelligence, represented by deep learning, has received increasing attention in the field of oral and maxillofacial medical imaging, which has been widely studied in image analysis and image quality improvement. This narrative review provides an insight into the following applications of deep learning in oral and maxillofacial imaging: detection, recognition and segmentation of teeth and other anatomical structures, detection and diagnosis of oral and maxillofacial diseases, and forensic personal identification. In addition, the limitations of the studies and the directions for future development are summarized.