圆明园遗址公园简介 About the Yuanmingyuan Ruins Park

圆明园遗址公园由圆明园、长春园、绮春园三园组成，遗址总面积约352公顷。圆明园始建于康熙四十六年（1707），是清代康熙、雍正、乾隆、嘉庆、道光、咸丰六代帝王在150余年间创建和经营的一座大型皇家宫苑，是清帝常年听政与游憩之御园。盛时的圆明园是“一切造园艺术的典范”，她既有北方皇家园林的辉煌宏大，又有江南私家园林的清幽雅致；既体现了中式园林的美学境界，又融合了西方园林的艺术风格，被誉为“万园之园”。

The Yuanmingyuan Ruins Park consists of the Yuanmingyuan Garden (Garden of Perfect Brightness), the Changchun Garden (Garden of Eternal Spring) and the Qichun Garden (Garden of Elegant Spring). The entire park occupied a total area of 352 hectares. Yuanmingyuan was first built in the 46th year of the Kangxi era (1707 AD). It was a massive imperial garden, built and improved in a long span of over 150 years under the decrees of the six Qing emperors including Kangxi, Yongzheng, Qianlong, Jiaqing, Daoguang and Xianfeng. The Qing emperors constantly visited the garden for the management of state affairs and for entertainments. During her heyday, Yuanmingyuan was the “perfection of all landscape and garden designs”. As an imperial garden, it diffused a majestic splendour while at the same time exhibited the elegance of private gardens in the south. Displaying the aesthetics of both Chinese and Western gardens, Yuanmingyuan was reputed as the “Garden of Gardens”.   

咸丰十年（1860），圆明园遭英法联军劫掠焚毁。同治十二年（1873）曾重修，因财力枯竭停工。光绪二十六年（1900）八国联军入侵北京，战乱中，圆明园的残存建筑遭到彻底毁坏。民国三年(1914)清皇室内务府将圆明园附归颐和园管理。此后，园内遗物长期受权势者的侵吞及多方面的盗窃、损毁，终致沦为废墟。

In the 10th year of the Xianfeng era (1860 AD), the British and French troops looted and burned Yuanmingyuan down. Although the government attempted to renovate it in the 12th year of the Tongzhi era (1873 AD), the construction was suspended due to financial strain. In the 26th year of the Guangxu era (1900 AD) when the Eight-Nation Alliance invaded Beijing, the remains of Yuanmingyuan were totally destroyed. In the third year of the Republican era (1914 AD), the Imperial Household Department of the Qing government put Yuanmingyuan under the administration of the Summer Palace. The garden was reduced to ruins due to embezzlement, thefts and destruction over time.

1949年中华人民共和国成立后，党和政府对圆明园遗址相继采取多种保护措施，使其较完整地保留下来。1956年开始在园内植树绿化，1976年设立遗址专管机构圆明园管理处，开始大规模保护和整修活动。1988年1月，圆明园遗址被国务院公布为第三批全国重点文物保护单位，同年6月29日对外开放。1997年6月，圆明园遗址被中宣部公布为首批百家“全国爱国主义教育示范基地”。2000年和2001年，国家文物局与北京市人民政府分别正式批复《圆明园遗址公园规划》，作为圆明园遗址保护和利用的重要依据。2010年10月9日，圆明园遗址公园被国家文物局公布为全国首批国家考古遗址公园之一。2020年1月7日，北京市海淀区圆明园景区成为国家5A级旅游景区；同年12月1日，国家文物局将圆明园马首铜像正式划拨圆明园管理处，这是海外圆明园流散文物的首次回归。