Aklilu, Y.-A., Cho, S., Zhang, Q., and Taylor, E.: Source apportionment of volatile organic compounds measured near a cold heavy oil production area, Atmos. Res., 206, 75–86, 2018. 

Alam, M. S., Zeraati-Rezaei, S., Stark, C. P., Liang, Z., Xu, H., and Harrison, R. M.: The characterisation of diesel exhaust particles – composition, size distribution and partitioning, Farad. Discuss., 189, 69–84, 2016. 

Alam, M. S., Zeraati-Rezaei, S., Liang, Z., Stark, C., Xu, H., MacKenzie, A. R., and Harrison, R. M.: Mapping and quantifying isomer sets of hydrocarbons (≥ C12) in diesel exhaust, lubricating oil and diesel fuel samples using GC × GC-ToF-MS, Atmos. Meas. Tech., 11, 3047–3058, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-11-3047-2018, 2018. 

Amador-Muñoz, O., Misztal, P. K., Weber, R., Worton, D. R., Zhang, H., Drozd, G., and Goldstein, A. H.: Sensitive detection of n-alkanes using a mixed ionization mode proton-transfer-reaction mass spectrometer, Atmos. Meas. Tech., 9, 5315–5329, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-9-5315-2016, 2016. 

Bertram, T. H., Kimmel, J. R., Crisp, T. A., Ryder, O. S., Yatavelli, R. L. N., Thornton, J. A., Cubison, M. J., Gonin, M., and Worsnop, D. R.: A field-deployable, chemical ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometer, Atmos. Meas. Tech., 4, 1471–1479, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-4-1471-2011, 2011. 

de Gouw, J. and Warneke, C.: Measurements of volatile organic compounds in the earth's atmosphere using proton-transfer-reaction mass spectrometry, Mass Spectrom. Rev., 26, 223–257, 2007. 

de Gouw, J. A.: Budget of organic carbon in a polluted atmosphere: Results from the New England Air Quality Study in 2002, J. Geophys. Res., 110, D16305, https://doi.org/10.1029/2004JD005623, 2005. 

de Gouw, J. A., Gilman, J. B., Kim, S. W., Lerner, B. M., Isaacman-VanWertz, G., McDonald, B. C., Warneke, C., Kuster, W. C., Lefer, B. L., Griffith, S. M., Dusanter, S., Stevens, P. S., and Stutz, J.: Chemistry of Volatile Organic Compounds in the Los Angeles basin: Nighttime Removal of Alkenes and Determination of Emission Ratios, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 122, 11843–811861, 2017. 

Diskin, A. M., Wang, T. S., Smith, D., and Spanel, P.: A selected ion flow tube (SIFT), study of the reactions of H3O+, NO+ and O2+ ions with a series of alkenes; in support of SIFT-MS, Int. J. Mass Spectrom., 218, 87–101, 2002. 

Donahue, N. M., Kroll, J. H., Pandis, S. N., and Robinson, A. L.: A two-dimensional volatility basis set – Part 2: Diagnostics of organic-aerosol evolution, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 12, 615–634, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-12-615-2012, 2012. 

Erickson, M. H., Gueneron, M., and Jobson, B. T.: Measuring long chain alkanes in diesel engine exhaust by thermal desorption PTR-MS, Atmos. Meas. Tech., 7, 225–239, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-7-225-2014, 2014. 

Fang, H., Huang, X., Zhang, Y., Pei, C., Huang, Z., Wang, Y., Chen, Y., Yan, J., Zeng, J., Xiao, S., Luo, S., Li, S., Wang, J., Zhu, M., Fu, X., Wu, Z., Zhang, R., Song, W., Zhang, G., Hu, W., Tang, M., Ding, X., Bi, X., and Wang, X.: Measurement report: Emissions of intermediate-volatility organic compounds from vehicles under real-world driving conditions in an urban tunnel, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 10005–10013, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-10005-2021, 2021. 

Federer, W., Dobler, W., Howorka, F., Lindinger, W., Durup-Ferguson, M., and Ferguson, E. E.: Collisional relaxation of vibrationally excited NO+(v) ions, The J. Chem. Phys., 83, 1032–1038, 1985. 

Gentner, D. R., Isaacman, G., Worton, D. R., Chan, A. W., Dallmann, T. R., Davis, L., Liu, S., Day, D. A., Russell, L. M., Wilson, K. R., Weber, R., Guha, A., Harley, R. A., and Goldstein, A. H.: Elucidating secondary organic aerosol from diesel and gasoline vehicles through detailed characterization of organic carbon emissions, P. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 109, 18318–18323, 2012. 

Gilman, J. B., Lerner, B. M., Kuster, W. C., and de Gouw, J. A.: Source Signature of Volatile Organic Compounds from Oil and Natural Gas Operations in Northeastern Colorado, Environ. Sci. Technol., 47, 1297–1305, 2013. 

Goldstein, A. H. and Galbally, I. E.: Known and unknown organic constituents in the Earth' s atmosphere, Environ. Sci. Technol., 41, 1514–1521, 2007. 

Gueneron, M., Erickson, M. H., VanderSchelden, G. S., and Jobson, B. T.: PTR-MS fragmentation patterns of gasoline hydrocarbons, Int. J. Mass Spectro., 379, 97–109, 2015. 

He, X., Yuan, B., Wu, C., Wang, S., Wang, C., Huangfu, Y., Qi, J., Ma, N., Xu, W., Wang, M., Chen, W., Su, H., Cheng, Y., and Shao, M.: Volatile organic compounds in wintertime North China Plain: Insights from measurements of proton transfer reaction time-of-flight mass spectrometer (PTR-ToF-MS), J. Environ. Sci., 114, 98–114, 2022. 

Hu, W., Zhou, H., Chen, W., Ye, Y., Pan, T., Wang, Y., Song, W., Zhang, H., Deng, W., Zhu, M., Wang, C., Wu, C., Ye, C., Wang, Z., Yuan, B., Huang, S., Shao, M., Peng, Z., Day, D. A., Campuzano-Jost, P., Lambe, A. T., Worsnop, D. R., Jimenez, J. L., and Wang, X.: Oxidation Flow Reactor Results in a Chinese Megacity Emphasize the Important Contribution of S/IVOCs to Ambient SOA Formation, Environ. Sci. Technol., 56, 6880–6893, 2022. 

Huang, C., Hu, Q., Li, Y., Tian, J., Ma, Y., Zhao, Y., Feng, J., An, J., Qiao, L., Wang, H., Jing, S. A., Huang, D., Lou, S., Zhou, M., Zhu, S., Tao, S., and Li, L.: Intermediate Volatility Organic Compound Emissions from a Large Cargo Vessel Operated under Real-World Conditions, Environ. Sci. Technol., 52, 12934–12942, 2018. 

Hunter, J. F., Carrasquillo, A. J., Daumit, K. E., and Kroll, J. H.: Secondary organic aerosol formation from acyclic, monocyclic, and polycyclic alkanes, Environ. Sci. Technol., 48, 10227–10234, 2014. 

Inomata, S., Tanimoto, H., and Yamada, H.: Mass Spectrometric Detection of Alkanes Using NO+ Chemical Ionization in Proton-transfer-reaction Plus Switchable Reagent Ion Mass Spectrometry, Chem. Lett., 43, 538–540, 2014. 

Jahn, L. G., Wang, D. S., Dhulipala, S. V., and Ruiz, L. H.: Gas-Phase Chlorine Radical Oxidation of Alkanes: Effects of Structural Branching, NOx, and Relative Humidity Observed during Environmental Chamber Experiments, The J. Phys. Chem. A, 125, 7303–7317, 2021. 

Karl, T., Hansel, A., Cappellin, L., Kaser, L., Herdlinger-Blatt, I., and Jud, W.: Selective measurements of isoprene and 2-methyl-3-buten-2-ol based on NO+ ionization mass spectrometry, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 12, 11877–11884, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-12-11877-2012, 2012. 

Koss, A., Yuan, B., Warneke, C., Gilman, J. B., Lerner, B. M., Veres, P. R., Peischl, J., Eilerman, S., Wild, R., Brown, S. S., Thompson, C. R., Ryerson, T., Hanisco, T., Wolfe, G. M., Clair, J. M. St., Thayer, M., Keutsch, F. N., Murphy, S., and de Gouw, J.: Observations of VOC emissions and photochemical products over US oil- and gas-producing regions using high-resolution H3O+ CIMS (PTR-ToF-MS), Atmos. Meas. Tech., 10, 2941–2968, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-10-2941-2017, 2017. 

Koss, A. R., Warneke, C., Yuan, B., Coggon, M. M., Veres, P. R., and de Gouw, J. A.: Evaluation of NO+ reagent ion chemistry for online measurements of atmospheric volatile organic compounds, Atmos. Meas. Tech., 9, 2909–2925, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-9-2909-2016, 2016. 

Li, J., Wang, W., Li, K., Zhang, W., Peng, C., Liu, M., Chen, Y., Zhou, L., Li, H., and Ge, M.: Effect of chemical structure on optical properties of secondary organic aerosols derived from C12 alkanes, Sci. Total Environ., 751, 141620, 2021. 

Li, T., Wang, Z., Yuan, B., Ye, C., Lin, Y., Wang, S., Sha, Q. e., Yuan, Z., Zheng, J., and Shao, M.: Emissions of carboxylic acids, hydrogen cyanide (HCN) and isocyanic acid (HNCO) from vehicle exhaust, Atmos. Environ., 247, 118218, 2021. 

Li, Y., Ren, B., Qiao, Z., Zhu, J., Wang, H., Zhou, M., Qiao, L., Lou, S., Jing, S., Huang, C., Tao, S., Rao, P., and Li, J.: Characteristics of atmospheric intermediate volatility organic compounds (IVOCs) in winter and summer under different air pollution levels, Atmos. Environ., 210, 58–65, 2019. 

Liang, Z., Chen, L., Alam, M. S., Zeraati Rezaei, S., Stark, C., Xu, H., and Harrison, R. M.: Comprehensive chemical characterization of lubricating oils used in modern vehicular engines utilizing GC×GC-TOFMS, Fuel, 220, 792–799, 2018. 

Lim, Y. B. and Ziemann, P. J.: Effects of Molecular Structure on Aerosol Yields from OH Radical-Initiated Reactions of Linear, Branched, and Cyclic Alkanes in the Presence of NOx, Environ. Sci. Technol., 43, 2328–2334, 2009. 

Lou, H., Hao, Y., Zhang, W., Su, P., Zhang, F., Chen, Y., Feng, D., and Li, Y.: Emission of intermediate volatility organic compounds from a ship main engine burning heavy fuel oil, J. Environ. Sci., 84, 197–204, 2019. 

Loza, C. L., Craven, J. S., Yee, L. D., Coggon, M. M., Schwantes, R. H., Shiraiwa, M., Zhang, X., Schilling, K. A., Ng, N. L., Canagaratna, M. R., Ziemann, P. J., Flagan, R. C., and Seinfeld, J. H.: Secondary organic aerosol yields of 12-carbon alkanes, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 14, 1423–1439, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-1423-2014, 2014. 

Monks, P. S., Archibald, A. T., Colette, A., Cooper, O., Coyle, M., Derwent, R., Fowler, D., Granier, C., Law, K. S., Mills, G. E., Stevenson, D. S., Tarasova, O., Thouret, V., von Schneidemesser, E., Sommariva, R., Wild, O., and Williams, M. L.: Tropospheric ozone and its precursors from the urban to the global scale from air quality to short-lived climate forcer, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 8889–8973, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-8889-2015, 2015. 

Muller, M., Eichler, P., D'Anna, B., Tan, W., and Wisthaler, A.: Direct Sampling and Analysis of Atmospheric Particulate Organic Matter by Proton-Transfer-Reaction Mass Spectrometry, Anal Chem., 89, 10889–10897, 2017. 

Pagonis, D., Krechmer, J. E., de Gouw, J., Jimenez, J. L., and Ziemann, P. J.: Effects of gas–wall partitioning in Teflon tubing and instrumentation on time-resolved measurements of gas-phase organic compounds, Atmos. Meas. Tech., 10, 4687–4696, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-10-4687-2017, 2017. 

Reiser, G., Habenicht, W., Müller-Dethlefs, K., and Schlag, E. W.: The ionization energy of nitric oxide, Chem. Phys. Lett., 152, 119–123, 1988. 

Robinson, A. L., Donahue, N. M., Shrivastava, M. K., Weitkamp, E. A., Sage, A. M., Grieshop, A. P., Lane, T. E., Pierce, J. R., and Pandis, S. N.: Rethinking Organic Aerosols: Semivolatile Emissions and Photochemical Aging, Science, 315, 1259–1262, 2007. 

Španěl, P. and Smith, D.: A selected ion flow tube study of the reactions of NO+and O2+ ions with some organic molecules: The potential for trace gas analysis of air, The J. Chem. Phys., 104, 1893–1899, 1996. 

Španěl, P. and Smith, D.: Selected ion flow tube studies of the reactions of H3O+, NO+, and O2+ with several aromatic and aliphatic monosubstituted halocarbons, Int. J. Mass Spectrom., 189, 213–223, 1999. 

Španěl, P., Pavlik, M., and Smith, D.: Reactions of H3O+ and OH− ions with some organic molecules; applications to trace gas analysis in air, Int. J. Mass Spectrom. Ion Process., 145, 177–186, 1995. 

Stark, H., Yatavelli, R. L. N., Thompson, S. L., Kimmel, J. R., Cubison, M. J., Chhabra, P. S., Canagaratna, M. R., Jayne, J. T., Worsnop, D. R., and Jimenez, J. L.: Methods to extract molecular and bulk chemical information from series of complex mass spectra with limited mass resolution, Int. J. Mass Spectrom., 389, 26–38, 2015. 

Sulzer, P., Hartungen, E., Hanel, G., Feil, S., Winkler, K., Mutschlechner, P., Haidacher, S., Schottkowsky, R., Gunsch, D., Seehauser, H., Striednig, M., Jürschik, S., Breiev, K., Lanza, M., Herbig, J., Märk, L., Märk, T. D., and Jordan, A.: A Proton Transfer Reaction-Quadrupole interface Time-Of-Flight Mass Spectrometer (PTR-QiTOF): High speed due to extreme sensitivity, Int. J. Mass Spectrom., 368, 1–5, 2014. 

Timonen, H., Cubison, M., Aurela, M., Brus, D., Lihavainen, H., Hillamo, R., Canagaratna, M., Nekat, B., Weller, R., Worsnop, D., and Saarikoski, S.: Applications and limitations of constrained high-resolution peak fitting on low resolving power mass spectra from the ToF-ACSM, Atmos. Meas. Tech., 9, 3263–3281, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-9-3263-2016, 2016. 

Tkacik, D. S., Presto, A. A., Donahue, N. M., and Robinson, A. L.: Secondary Organic Aerosol Formation from Intermediate-Volatility Organic Compounds: Cyclic, Linear, and Branched Alkanes, Environ. Sci. Technol., 46, 8773–8781, 2012. 

Wang, C., Yuan, B., Wu, C., Wang, S., Qi, J., Wang, B., Wang, Z., Hu, W., Chen, W., Ye, C., Wang, W., Sun, Y., Wang, C., Huang, S., Song, W., Wang, X., Yang, S., Zhang, S., Xu, W., Ma, N., Zhang, Z., Jiang, B., Su, H., Cheng, Y., Wang, X., and Shao, M.: Measurements of higher alkanes using NO+ chemical ionization in PTR-ToF-MS: important contributions of higher alkanes to secondary organic aerosols in China, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 14123–14138, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-14123-2020, 2020. 

Wang, K., Wang, W., Fan, C., Li, J., Lei, T., Zhang, W., Shi, B., Chen, Y., Liu, M., Lian, C., Wang, Z., and Ge, M.: Reactions of C12-C14 n-Alkylcyclohexanes with Cl Atoms: Kinetics and Secondary Organic Aerosol Formation, Environ. Sci. Technol., 56, 4859–4870, 2022a. 

Wang, S., Yuan, B., Wu, C., Wang, C., Li, T., He, X., Huangfu, Y., Qi, J., Li, X.-B., Sha, Q., Zhu, M., Lou, S., Wang, H., Karl, T., Graus, M., Yuan, Z., and Shao, M.: Oxygenated volatile organic compounds (VOCs) as significant but varied contributors to VOC emissions from vehicles, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 9703–9720, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-9703-2022, 2022b. 

Warneke, C., Geiger, F., Edwards, P. M., Dube, W., Pétron, G., Kofler, J., Zahn, A., Brown, S. S., Graus, M., Gilman, J. B., Lerner, B. M., Peischl, J., Ryerson, T. B., de Gouw, J. A., and Roberts, J. M.: Volatile organic compound emissions from the oil and natural gas industry in the Uintah Basin, Utah: oil and gas well pad emissions compared to ambient air composition, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 14, 10977–10988, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-10977-2014, 2014. 

Wu, C., Wang, C., Wang, S., Wang, W., Yuan, B., Qi, J., Wang, B., Wang, H., Wang, C., Song, W., Wang, X., Hu, W., Lou, S., Ye, C., Peng, Y., Wang, Z., Huangfu, Y., Xie, Y., Zhu, M., Zheng, J., Wang, X., Jiang, B., Zhang, Z., and Shao, M.: Measurement report: Important contributions of oxygenated compounds to emissions and chemistry of volatile organic compounds in urban air, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 14769–14785, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-14769-2020, 2020. 

Xing, L. Q., Wang, L. C., and Zhang, R.: Characteristics and health risk assessment of volatile organic compounds emitted from interior materials in vehicles: a case study from Nanjing, China, Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res., 25, 14789–14798, 2018. 

Xu, R., Alam, M. S., Stark, C., and Harrison, R. M.: Behaviour of traffic emitted semi-volatile and intermediate volatility organic compounds within the urban atmosphere, Sci. Total Environ., 720, 137470, 2020a. 

Xu, R., Alam, M. S., Stark, C., and Harrison, R. M.: Composition and emission factors of traffic- emitted intermediate volatility and semi-volatile hydrocarbons (C10–C36) at a street canyon and urban background sites in central London, UK, Atmos. Environ., 231, 117448, 2020b. 

Yassaa, N., Meklati, B. Y., Brancaleoni, E., Frattoni, M., and Ciccioli, P.: Polar and non-polar volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in urban Algiers and saharian sites of Algeria, Atmos. Environ., 35, 787–801, 2001. 

Yee, L. D., Craven, J. S., Loza, C. L., Schilling, K. A., Ng, N. L., Canagaratna, M. R., Ziemann, P. J., Flagan, R. C., and Seinfeld, J. H.: Effect of chemical structure on secondary organic aerosol formation from C12 alkanes, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 13, 11121–11140, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-11121-2013, 2013. 

Yuan, B., Hu, W. W., Shao, M., Wang, M., Chen, W. T., Lu, S. H., Zeng, L. M., and Hu, M.: VOC emissions, evolutions and contributions to SOA formation at a receptor site in eastern China, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 13, 8815–8832, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-8815-2013, 2013.  

Yuan, B., Warneke, C., Shao, M., and de Gouw, J. A.: Interpretation of volatile organic compound measurements by proton-transfer-reaction mass spectrometry over the deepwater horizon oil spill, Int. J. Mass Spectrom., 358, 43–48, 2014. 

Yuan, B., Koss, A. R., Warneke, C., Coggon, M., Sekimoto, K., and de Gouw, J. A.: Proton-Transfer-Reaction Mass Spectrometry: Applications in Atmospheric Sciences, Chem. Rev., 117, 13187–13229, 2017. 

Zhao, Y., Hennigan, C. J., May, A. A., Tkacik, D. S., De Gouw, J. A., Gilman, J. B., Kuster, W. C., Borbon, A., and Robinson, A. L.: Intermediate-Volatility Organic Compounds: A Large Source of Secondary Organic Aerosol, Environ. Sci. Technol., 48, 13743–13750, 2014. 

Zhao, Y., Nguyen, N. T., Presto, A. A., Hennigan, C. J., May, A. A., and Robinson, A. L.: Intermediate Volatility Organic Compound Emissions from On-Road Diesel Vehicles: Chemical Composition, Emission Factors, and Estimated Secondary Organic Aerosol Production, Environ. Sci. Technol., 49, 11516–11526, 2015. 

Zhao, Y., Nguyen, N. T., Presto, A. A., Hennigan, C. J., May, A. A., and Robinson, A. L.: Intermediate Volatility Organic Compound Emissions from On-Road Gasoline Vehicles and Small Off-Road Gasoline Engines, Environ. Sci. Technol., 50, 4554–4563, 2016.