Promoting agricultural green development is an important measure to promote high-quality agricultural development， agricultural and rural modernization and to implement the strategy of rural development. This paper constructs an evaluation system from four aspects： resource saving， environment friendly， quality and efficiency， and rural development. The entropy method was used to objectively evaluate the agricultural green production level and the differences between provinces in the Yellow River Basin from 2011 to 2019， and the geodetector was used to detect the factors affecting the spatial differentiation of agricultural green development level in the Yellow River Basin. The results show that： （1） The agricultural green development in the nine provinces of the Yellow River Basin has achieved good results since 2011， but there is still room for improvement. The score of resource conservation index is much higher than that of environment friendly， quality and efficiency and rural development. （2）In terms of time， the level of agricultural green development in the nine provinces of the Yellow River Basin has been greatly improved from 2011 to 2019. Among them， Qinghai， Gansu and Ningxia have the highest annual growth rates. Spatially， from 2011 to 2019， the high-value provinces increased from 1 to 7， and the low-value provinces decreased from 5 to 0. （3） From the overall difference of the basin， the difference of agricultural green development level in the Yellow River Basin is shrinking. From the regional internal difference， the internal difference between the downstream and the upstream is small， and the internal difference between the upstream is large but tends to shrink. （4） The main factors affecting the agricultural green development in the Yellow River Basin are multiple cropping index of cultivated land， water consumption per unit agricultural output value， proportion of water-saving irrigation area， total agricultural output value per unit sowing area， fertilizer application intensity， rural toilet penetration rate， mechanical energy consumption per unit agricultural output value， and soil erosion control level. The results of this study have practical reference significance for the green development of agriculture in the Yellow River Basin.

Keywords： Yellow River Basin ; agricultural green development ; regional differences ; geodetector