#建站教程#centos系统搭建Mastodon |
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在开始之前,你应该先了解一下什么是Mastodon,它是做什么的?有什么功能?下面这篇文章写的很详细了,有兴趣的可以先看看: https://www.douban.com/group/topic/113168501/ 这里我们简而言之,你现在可以把Mastodon当作是一个“去中心化”的新浪微博或是Twitter。 现在我们来做部署前的准备工作,你应该准备好下面两样东西: 1.一台内存大于1GB的KVM架构VPS。 2.一个顶级域名,并且已经解析到你的VPSIP。 首先我们使用Xshell登录到VPS内,更新系统: 1 yum -y update安装EPEL源: 1 yum -y install epel-release安装开发工具包: 1 yum -y groupinstall "Development Tools"安装项目所需依赖: 1 yum -y install wget curl git openssl-devel readline-devel libicu-devel libidn-devel postgresql-devel protobuf-devel libxml2-devel libxslt-devel ncurses-devel sqlite-devel gdbm-devel zlib-devel libffi-devel libyaml-devel安装NodeJS: 12 curl --silent --location https://rpm.nodesource.com/setup_8.x | sudo bash -yum -y install nodejs安装Yarn包管理器: 12 curl --silent --location https://dl.yarnpkg.com/rpm/yarn.repo | sudo tee /etc/yum.repos.d/yarn.repoyum -y install yarn安装imagemagick: 12 yum -y install https://imagemagick.org/download/linux/CentOS/x86_64/ImageMagick-libs-7.0.8-12.x86_64.rpmyum -y install https://imagemagick.org/download/linux/CentOS/x86_64/ImageMagick-7.0.8-12.x86_64.rpm安装Redis: 1 yum -y install redis启动Redis并设置开机启动: 12 systemctl start redissystemctl enable redis安装PostgreSQL数据库: 12 yum -y install https://download.postgresql.org/pub/repos/yum/10/redhat/rhel-7-x86_64/pgdg-centos10-10-2.noarch.rpmyum -y install postgresql10 postgresql10-server postgresql10-contrib postgresql10-devel初始化数据: 1 /usr/pgsql-10/bin/postgresql-10-setup initdb启动PostgreSQL以及设置开机启动: 12 systemctl enable postgresql-10systemctl start postgresql-10现在登录到数据库内: 1 sudo -u postgres psql创建数据库: 1 CREATE USER mastodon CREATEDB;完成之后退出: 1 \q安装FFMPEG(可选): 123456 cdwget https://johnvansickle.com/ffmpeg/releases/ffmpeg-release-64bit-static.tar.xztar -xJf ffmpeg-release-64bit-static.tar.xzcd ffmpeg-4.0.2-64bit-staticcp ffmpeg /usr/bin/ffmpegcp ffprobe /usr/bin/ffprobe安装Nginx,先新建一个源: 1 vi /etc/yum.repos.d/nginx.repo写入: 12345 [nginx]name=nginx repobaseurl=http://nginx.org/packages/centos/7/$basearch/gpgcheck=0enabled=1然后yum安装即可: 1 yum -y install nginx这里先停止运行nginx: 1 systemctl stop nginx设置nginx开机启动: 1 systemctl enable nginx现在我们添加一个用户,命名为mastodon: 1 adduser mastodon切换到这个用户的shell内: 1 su mastodon如果需要修改这个用户的密码,你应该执行下面的命令: 1 passwd mastodon安装rbenv: 1 wget -q https://github.com/rbenv/rbenv-installer/raw/master/bin/rbenv-installer -O- | bash上面的脚本执行完成之后,设置环境变量: 123 echo 'export PATH="$HOME/.rbenv/bin:$PATH"' >> ~/.bash_profileecho 'eval "$(rbenv init -)"' >> ~/.bash_profilesource ~/.bash_profile接着执行如下命令检查是否正常: 1 wget -q https://github.com/rbenv/rbenv-installer/raw/master/bin/rbenv-doctor -O- | bash如果一切正常,那么我们现在就可以使用rbenv安装ruby了: 1 rbenv install 2.5.1安装完成之后,设置全局使用ruby2.5.1: 1 rbenv global 2.5.1现在拉取Mastodon项目文件并进入到项目目录: 123 cd ~git clone https://github.com/tootsuite/mastodon.git livecd ~/live检测最新版本: 1 git checkout $(git tag -l | grep -v 'rc[0-9]*$' | sort -V | tail -n 1)安装bundler和ruby依赖: 12 gem install bundlerbundle install -j$(getconf _NPROCESSORS_ONLN) --deployment --without development test安装node.js依赖: 1 yarn install --pure-lockfile全部完成之后,现在我们可以开始配置mastodon了: RAILS_ENV=production bundle exec rake mastodon:setup 在这个向导中,你应该按照如下配置来填写: Q:Domain name: A:填写你的域名地址,不要带www Q:Do you want to enable single user mode? A:N Q:Are you using Docker to run Mastodon? A:n Q:PostgreSQL host: /var/run/postgresql A:回车 Q:PostgreSQL port: 5432 A:回车 Q:Name of PostgreSQL database: mastodon_production A:回车 Q:Name of PostgreSQL user: mastodon A:回车 Q:Password of PostgreSQL user: A:回车 Q:Redis host: localhost A:回车 Q:Redis port: 6379 A:回车 Q:Redis password: A:回车 Q:Do you want to send e-mails from localhost? A:y Q:Send a test e-mail with this configuration right now? A:n Q:Save configuration? A:y Q:Prepare the database now? A:y Q:Compile the assets now? A:y Q:Do you want to create an admin user straight away? A:y走完这个向导之后,你应该切换回root用户: 1 su root现在我们需要创建三个服务文件,第一个是web服务: 1 vi /etc/systemd/system/mastodon-web.service写入: 12345678910111213141516 [Unit]Description=mastodon-webAfter=network.target[Service]Type=simpleUser=mastodonWorkingDirectory=/home/mastodon/liveEnvironment="RAILS_ENV=production"Environment="PORT=3000"ExecStart=/home/mastodon/.rbenv/shims/bundle exec puma -C config/puma.rbExecReload=/bin/kill -SIGUSR1 $MAINPIDTimeoutSec=15Restart=always [Install]WantedBy=multi-user.target第二个是后台服务: 1 vi /etc/systemd/system/mastodon-sidekiq.service写入: 123456789101112131415 [Unit]Description=mastodon-sidekiqAfter=network.target[Service]Type=simpleUser=mastodonWorkingDirectory=/home/mastodon/liveEnvironment="RAILS_ENV=production"Environment="DB_POOL=5"ExecStart=/home/mastodon/.rbenv/shims/bundle exec sidekiq -c 5 -q default -q push -q mailers -q pullTimeoutSec=15Restart=always [Install]WantedBy=multi-user.target第三个是流媒体API服务: 1 vi /etc/systemd/system/mastodon-streaming.service写入: 123456789101112131415 [Unit]Description=mastodon-streamingAfter=network.target[Service]Type=simpleUser=mastodonWorkingDirectory=/home/mastodon/liveEnvironment="NODE_ENV=production"Environment="PORT=4000"ExecStart=/usr/bin/npm run startTimeoutSec=15Restart=always [Install]WantedBy=multi-user.target完成之后立即启动这三个服务: 123 systemctl start mastodon-web.servicesystemctl start mastodon-sidekiq.servicesystemctl start mastodon-streaming.service接着设置开机启动: 123 systemctl enable mastodon-web.servicesystemctl enable mastodon-sidekiq.servicesystemctl enable mastodon-streaming.service现在你应该关闭系统防火墙: 12 systemctl stop firewalld.servicesystemctl disable firewalld.service接着关闭SELinux: 123 vi /etc/selinux/configSELINUX=disabledsetenforce 0安装certbot用于自动签发Let’s Encrypt证书: 1 yum -y install certbot执行如下命令,给你的域名签发证书(example.com替换成你的域名): 1 certbot certonly --standalone -d example.com证书如果签发成功,那么证书的存储路径应该是: 12 /etc/letsencrypt/live/example.com/fullchain.pem/etc/letsencrypt/live/example.com/privkey.pem现在你应该配置certbot自动续约证书: 1 crontab -e写入: 1 0 0 * * * /usr/bin/certbot renew --quiet这样配置好了后,certbot会在每天的0点检查证书是否过期,如果过期就自动续约证书。 现在我们编辑Nginx的主配置文件: 1 vi /etc/nginx/nginx.conf在这个配置文件的第一行,将nginx的运行用户修改成mastodon: 1 user mastodon;接着我们新建一个Nginx站点配置文件: vi /etc/nginx/conf.d/example.com.conf 写入: 12345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637383940414243444546474849505152535455565758596061626364656667686970717273747576777879808182838485868788899091929394 map $http_upgrade $connection_upgrade { default upgrade; '' close;} server { listen 80; listen [::]:80; server_name example.com; root /home/mastodon/live/public; return 301 https://$host$request_uri;} server { listen 443 ssl http2; listen [::]:443 ssl http2; server_name example.com; ssl_protocols TLSv1.2; ssl_ciphers HIGH:!MEDIUM:!LOW:!aNULL:!NULL:!SHA; ssl_prefer_server_ciphers on; ssl_session_cache shared:SSL:10m; ssl_certificate /etc/letsencrypt/live/example.com/fullchain.pem; ssl_certificate_key /etc/letsencrypt/live/example.com/privkey.pem; keepalive_timeout 70; sendfile on; client_max_body_size 80m; root /home/mastodon/live/public; gzip on; gzip_disable "msie6"; gzip_vary on; gzip_proxied any; gzip_comp_level 6; gzip_buffers 16 8k; gzip_http_version 1.1; gzip_types text/plain text/css application/json application/javascript text/xml application/xml application/xml+rss text/javascript; add_header Strict-Transport-Security "max-age=31536000"; location / { try_files $uri @proxy; } location ~ ^/(emoji|packs|system/accounts/avatars|system/media_attachments/files) { add_header Cache-Control "public, max-age=31536000, immutable"; try_files $uri @proxy; } location /sw.js { add_header Cache-Control "public, max-age=0"; try_files $uri @proxy; } location @proxy { proxy_set_header Host $host; proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr; proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for; proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Proto https; proxy_set_header Proxy ""; proxy_pass_header Server; proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1:3000; proxy_buffering off; proxy_redirect off; proxy_http_version 1.1; proxy_set_header Upgrade $http_upgrade; proxy_set_header Connection $connection_upgrade; tcp_nodelay on; } location /api/v1/streaming { proxy_set_header Host $host; proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr; proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for; proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Proto https; proxy_set_header Proxy ""; proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1:4000; proxy_buffering off; proxy_redirect off; proxy_http_version 1.1; proxy_set_header Upgrade $http_upgrade; proxy_set_header Connection $connection_upgrade; tcp_nodelay on; } error_page 500 501 502 503 504 /500.html;}最后启动Nginx: 1 systemctl start nginx大功告成,不出意外的话,现在打开你的站点域名,你应该可以看到一个Mastodon实例了,随便试用了下,很不错:
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