元音字母在单词中读元音音素，辅音字母在单词中读辅音音素，理论上每个元音字母要有四种读音才能满足20个元音音素的读音需要。我们把元音字母的四种读音分别称为：重开音，重闭音，非重音与协同音。

重开音是指元音字母在重读开音节的读音，元音字母在重读开音节中一般读字母本身的音或长音。重闭音是指元音字母在重读闭音节中的读。为了方便记忆我们可以把五个元音字母在重读闭音节的读音与单词对应起来，分别是：A读cat ;E读egg ; I读pig ;O读dog ;U读 bus。

非重音指的是元音字母在非重读音节的读音，元音字母在非重读音节一般有[ ]与 [i]两种读音。协同音是指元音字母在单词中的读音受到前面或后字母影响的读音。元音字母在单词中的读音一般规则可以归纳为下表：

1.

字母

A

在单词中的读音

1)读字母音[ei ]，例如：name [neim] grade [greid] eraser [i'reis] cake [keik] bike [baik] same [seim]table ['teibl] late [leit] favourite ['feivrit] face [feis] tape [teip] plane [plein] potato [p'teitu] skate [skeit] make [meik] lake [leik] take [teik] save [seiv] station ['stein] baker ['beik] place [pleis] tomato[t'meitu] safe [seif] gate [geit] snake [sneik] cage [keid] baby ['beibi] paper ['peip] famous ['feims] later ['leit] radio ['reidiu] patient ['peint]

2)字母A读长音[a:]，例如： banana [b'nɑ:n] father ['fɑ:] rather ['rɑ:]

3)字母A读[] ，例如：map [mp] bag [bg] apple ['pl] fax [fks] glad [gld] hat [ht] black [blk] catch [kt] hamburger ['hmb:g] math [mθ] rabbit ['rbit] bank [bk] accident ['ksidnt] happen ['hpn] marry ['mri] exam [ig'zm] cabbage ['kbid] passenger ['psind] fact [fkt] parrot ['prt]

4)字母A在W后读[]或[:] ，例如：washroom ['wrum] watch [wt] water ['w:t] wash [w] was [wz] Washington ['witn]

5)字母A在S/ n前读[a:]，例如：class [klɑ:s] ask [ɑ:sk] past [pɑ:st] basket ['bɑ:skit] glass [glɑ:s] pass [pɑ:s] France [frɑ:ns] dance [dɑ:ns] fast [fɑ:st] last [lɑ:st] grass [grɑ:s] headmaster ['hed'mɑ:st]

6)字母A在L前读[:]，例如：ball [b:l] wall [w:l] small [sm:l] tall [t:l] all [:l] talk [t:k] call [k:l] walk [w:k] already [:l'redi] although [:l'u] hall[h:l] salt [s:lt] false[f:ls] almost[:lmst] also [:ls]

7)字母A读音例外词：

have [hv] family ['fmili] many ['meni] any ['eni] animal ['niml] madam ['mdm] manager ['mnid]

2.

E

1)读字母音[i:]，例如：these [i:z] we [wi:] evening ['i:vni] be [bi:] even ['i:vn] Chinese['tai'ni:z] Japanese[,dp'ni:z] she [i:] he [hi:] me [mi:] we [wi:] metre ['mi:t] Swedish ['swi:di] scenery ['si:nri] eve [i:v]

2)字母E读[e]，例如：very ['veri] America ['merikn] vegetable ['veditbl] medicine ['medisin] melon ['meln] second ['seknd] never ['nev] together [t'ge] celebrate ['selibreit] elephant ['elifnt]

3)字母E读[e]，例如：ten [ten] spell [spel] pen [pen] desk [desk] egg [eg] welcome ['welkm] let [let] address ['dres] dress [dres] next ['nekst] leg [leg] empty ['empti] mend [mend] chess [tes] rest [rest] letter ['let] better['bet] left [left] tell [tel] remember [ri'memb] invent [in'vent] December [di'semb] wet [wet] message ['mesid]

4)字母E在ri/ro前读[i]，例如：zero ['ziru] serious ['siris] period ['prd] experience [k'sprns] series ['sriz]

3.

I

1)字母I读 [ai] ，例如：hi [hai] nine [nain] minus ['mains] Chinese['tai'ni:z] fine [fain] licence ['laisns] wife [waif] kite [kait] white [hwait] line [lain] mine [main] beside [bi'said] knife [naif] rice [rais] ice [ais] ride [raid] Friday ['fraidi] write [rait] price [prais] hike [haik] exciting [ik'saiti] lion ['lain] tiger ['taig] quite [kwait] diary ['dairi] science ['sains] invite [in'vait] wine [wain] quiet ['kwait] surprise [s'praiz]

2)字母I读[i:]，例如：police [p'li:s] machine [m'i:n] policeman [p'li:smn] magazine [,mg'zi:n]

3)字母I读[i] ，例如：six [siks] think [θik] picture ['pikt] twin [twin] with [wi] drink [drik] chips [tip] swim [swim] sing [si] dinner ['din] dish [di] trip [trip] winter ['wint] pick [pik] lift [lift] village ['vilid]

4)字母I在gh前读[ai] ，例如：right [rait] light [lait] bright [brait] flight [flait]

5)字母I读音例外词：river ['riv] give [giv] city ['siti] visit ['vizit] finish ['fini] cinema ['sinim]digital ['diditl] after ['ɑ:ft]

4.

O

1)字母O读[u] ，例如：no [nu] hello [h'lu] home [hum] those [uz] over ['uv] phone [fun] open ['upn] so [su] nose [nuz] broken ['brukn] robot ['rubt] code [kud] close [kluz] hotel [hu'tel] smoke [smuk] October [k'tub] hope [hup] ago ['gu] Rome [rum] suppose [s'puz] mobile ['mubil] notice ['nutis]

2)字母O读[u:] ，例如：who [hu:] do[du:] improve [m'pruv] move [mu:v] lose [lu:z] canoe [k'nu:]

3)字母O读[] ，例如：not [nt] clock [klk] forgot[f'gt] doctor ['dkt] lock [lk] doll [dl] from [frm] sock [sk] shop [p] hot [ht] fog [fg] hospital ['hspitl] job [db] hobby ['hbi] problem ['prblm] dollar['dl] college ['klid] dolphin ['dlfin] soccer ['sk] rock [rk] concert ['knst] song [s] crop [krp] opposite ['pzit]

4)字母O在th/ ve/ n/m前读[] ，例如：one [wn] mother ['m] brother ['br] love [lv] some [sm] money ['mni] glove [glv] other ['] Monday ['mndei] company ['kmpni] another['n] nothing ['nθi] monkey ['mki] front [frnt] month [mnθ] comfortable ['kmftbl] wonder ['wnd]

5)字母I读音例外词:colour ['kl] body ['bdi] woman ['wumn] popular ['ppjul] opera ['pr] post [pust] most[must] both [buθ] pocket ['pkit] lost [lst]

5.

U

1)字母U读[j u:] ，例如：computer[km'pju:t] excuse [iks'kju:z] student ['stju:dnt] use [ju:z] music ['mju:zik] usually ['ju:uli] refuse [ri'fju:z] human ['hju:mn] produce [pr'dju:s] scuba ['skju:b] contribution [,kntri'bju:n] pupil ['pju:pl] universe ['ju:niv:s] huge [hju:d] duty ['dju:ti]

2)字母U读[u:] ，例如：ruler ['ru:l] true [tru:] July [du:'lai] June [du:n] pollute [p'lu:t] rule [ru:l]

3)字母U读[] ，例如：number ['nmb] plus [pls] cup [kp] bus [bs] much [mt] us [s] husband ['hzbnd] uncle ['kl] must [mst] lunch [lnt] hundred ['hndrd] hungry ['hgri] jump [dmp] run [rn] fun [fn] discuss [di'sks] pumpkin ['pmpkin] summer ['sm] duck [dk] subject ['sbdikt] suddenly ['sdnli]

4)字母 U在q/g后读[w] ， 例如：question ['kwestn] quickly ['kwikli] language ['lgwid] quiet ['kwait] quarrel ['kwrl] penguin ['pegwin]

5)字母U读音例外词：study ['stdi] busy ['bizi] business ['biznis]put [put] full [ful] push [pu] pull [pul]

6.

元音字母在非重读音节读音

1). 元音字母在非重读音节读[ i ]

college ['klid] toilet ['tilit] orange [':rind] family ['fmili] porridge ['prid] tennis ['tenis] chicken ['tikin] language ['lgwid] manager ['mnid] harvest ['hɑ:vist] forest ['frist] toilet ['tilit] village ['vilid] subject ['sbdikt] temperature ['temprit] message ['mesid] kitchen ['kitin] cabbage ['kbid] chocolate ['tklit] pocket ['pkit]racket ['rkit] wallet ['wlit] knowledge ['nlid] encourage [in'krid]

2).元音字母在非重读音节读[ ]

husband ['hzbnd] Japan [d'pn] America ['merik] machine [m'i:n] again ['gen] company ['kmpni] agree ['gri:] panda ['pnd] around ['raund] library ['laibrri]