The legality of password cracking may change based on location. In general, it depends on intent. For example, using a password cracking tool to retrieve one's own password may be fine. However, in most cases, if the goal is to maliciously steal, damage or misuse someone else's data, it will most likely be an illegal action.

Unauthorized access to another individual's device can be grounds for criminal charges. Even guessing someone's password without the use of a password cracker can lead to criminal charges. Under U.S. state and federal laws, more charges can be added depending on what threat actors do once they gain unauthorized access.

In short, using a password cracking method to access one's own password is legal. Using these methods or tools to gain access to someone else's password can lead to criminal charges.

Learn about why security professionals recommend having an effective identity and access management system in place and how employee training fits into a good password and overall cybersecurity strategy.