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问题描述
我是 ubuntu 新手,试图找出列出所有已安装软件包及其详细信息(如 Ubuntu 上的版本、发行版、安装时间、类别)的方法。发现以下命令将帮助我获取其中一些信息: 1)dpkg -l 2)dpkg-query -W -f='${PackageSpec}\\t${version}\\t${Description}\\n' 与 Redhat 不同的是,其中缺少安装时间和类别信息。谁能知道检索这些详细信息的方法吗? 提前致谢。 最佳思路简洁优雅: sudo dpkg -l | more或者 sudo dpkg -l | less如果你想获取某些特定包的描述,请说 firefox : sudo dpkg -l | grep firefox这是我的输出: $ sudo dpkg -l | more Desired=Unknown/Install/Remove/Purge/Hold | Status=Not/Inst/Conf-files/Unpacked/halF-conf/Half-inst/trig-aWait/Trig-pend |/ Err?=(none)/Reinst-required (Status,Err: uppercase=bad) ||/ Name Version Description +++-===========================================-=======================================-============================================================== ================ ii accountsservice 0.6.15-2ubuntu9.4 query and manipulate user account information ii acl 2.2.51-5ubuntu1 Access control list utilities ii acpi-support 0.140 scripts for handling many ACPI events ii acpid 1:2.0.10-1ubuntu3 Advanced Configuration and Power Interface event daemon ii activity-log-manager-common 0.9.4-0ubuntu3.2 blacklist configuration for Zeitgeist (assets) ii activity-log-manager-control-center 0.9.4-0ubuntu3.2 blacklist configuration for Zeitgeist (control center integrat ion) ii adduser 3.113ubuntu2 add and remove users and groups ii adium-theme-ubuntu 0.3.2-0ubuntu1 Adium message style for Ubuntu ii aisleriot 1:3.2.3.2-0ubuntu1 Solitaire card games ii akonadi-backend-mysql 1.7.2-0ubuntu1 MySQL storage backend for Akonadi ii akonadi-server 1.7.2-0ubuntu1 Akonadi PIM storage service ii alacarte 0.13.2-2ubuntu4 easy GNOME menu editing tool ii alsa-base 1.0.25+dfsg-0ubuntu1 ALSA driver configuration files ii alsa-utils 1.0.25-1ubuntu5 Utilities for configuring and using ALSA ii anacron 2.3-14ubuntu1 cron-like program that doesn't go by time ii apg 2.2.3.dfsg.1-2 Automated Password Generator - Standalone version ii app-install-data 0.12.04.4 Ubuntu applications (data files) ii app-install-data-partner 12.12.04.1 Application Installer (data files for partner applications/rep ositories) ii apparmor 2.7.102-0ubuntu3.7 User-space parser utility for AppArmor ii appmenu-gtk 0.3.92-0ubuntu1.1 Export GTK menus over DBus ii appmenu-gtk3 0.3.92-0ubuntu1.1 Export GTK menus over DBus ii appmenu-qt 0.2.6-0ubuntu1 appmenu support for Qt ii apport 2.0.1-0ubuntu17.1 automatically generate crash reports for debugging ii apport-gtk 2.0.1-0ubuntu17.1 GTK+ frontend for the apport crash report system ii apport-symptoms 0.16.1 symptom scripts for apport ii apt 0.8.16~exp12ubuntu10.7 commandline package manager ii apt-transport-https 0.8.16~exp12ubuntu10.7 https download transport for APT ii apt-utils 0.8.16~exp12ubuntu10.7 package managment related utility programs --More-- 获取正在安装的软件包的日期和时间 cat /var/log/dpkg.log | grep " install "获取特定套餐: $cat /var/log/dpkg.log | grep " install " | grep banshee 2013-12-12 12:51:48 install banshee 2.4.1-3ubuntu1~precise2 2013-12-12 12:51:51 install banshee-extensions-common 2.4.0-1ubuntu1 2013-12-12 12:51:51 install banshee-extension-radiostationfetcher 2.4.0- 1ubuntu1 2013-12-12 12:51:51 install banshee-extension-soundmenu 2.4.1-3ubuntu1~precise2 获取该部分 $apt-cache show firefox | grep Section Section: webSee Also: ListInstalledPackagesByDate 次佳思路apt-cache showpkg 将为您提供有关可用软件包版本、正向和反向依赖关系等的详细信息。 apt-cache show 将提供描述、类别(Section)等。 我不知道有什么方法可以查看软件包的安装时间。 第三种思路 使用apt列出已安装软件包的另一种方法是: apt list --installed所有软件包安装手册都可以通过以下方式打印 apt list --manual-installed而所有版本均按以下方式列出: apt list --all-versions这些是非常有用的命令。例如,如果您想将本地安装的软件包安装到另一台计算机上,则只需执行以下命令 apt list --installed | awk -F/ -v ORS=" " 'NR>1 {print $1}' > apt_packages.txt如果您只想手动安装软件包,请尝试以下操作: apt list --manual-installed | awk -F/ -v ORS=" " 'NR>1 {print $1}' > apt_packages.txt现在您的所有 apt-packages 都已准备好安装在另一个或新安装的 Ubuntu 系统上。 sudo apt-get install < apt_packages.txt 详细说明如果您想确切地知道何时、删除了什么以及哪些软件包被删除,请查看您的 /var/log/apt目录。例如。在 history.log 文件中搜索或使用 sed、awk、grep 或您最喜欢的 text-editor 来搜索历史文件。 第四种思路\\n Now it is far easier to get the installation details of packages.\\n 以下是简单的步骤: 将以下脚本复制并粘贴到文件中,并使用任意名称(如 pkgdetails )保存。 \n #!/bin/bash\n\n#Get the details and section of installed packages\n# usage:\n# pkgdetails \n\n#first append all info from archived logs\n\ni=2\nmycount=$(ls -l /var/log/dpkg.log.*.gz | wc -l)\nnlogs=$(( $mycount + 1 ))\n\nwhile [ $i -le $nlogs ]\ndo\nif [ -e /var/log/dpkg.log.$i.gz ]; then\nzcat /var/log/dpkg.log.$i.gz | grep "\\ install\\ " >> $HOME/pkgtmp.txt\nfi\ni=$(( $i+1 ))\n\ndone\n\n#next append all info from unarchived logs\n\ni=1\nnulogs=$(ls -l /var/log/dpkg.log.* | wc -l)\nnulogs=$(( $nulogs - $nlogs + 1 ))\nwhile [ $i -le $nulogs ]\ndo\nif [ -e /var/log/dpkg.log.$i ]; then\ncat /var/log/dpkg.log.$i | grep "\\ install\\ " >> $HOME/pkgtmp.txt\nfi\ni=$(( $i+1 ))\n\ndone\n\n#next append current log\n\ncat /var/log/dpkg.log | grep "\\ install\\ " >> $HOME/pkgtmp.txt\n\n#sort text file by date\n\nsort -n $HOME/pkgtmp.txt > $HOME/pkginstalls.txt\n\nrm $HOME/pkgtmp.txt\n\n# Now displaying the installation details of packages passed as arguments\n\nfor pkg in $@\ndo\necho "--------------------- Installation Details of $pkg ----------------------"\necho \ncat $HOME/pkginstalls.txt | grep -i $pkg\necho\napt-cache show $pkg | grep "Section" | sort -u\necho\ndone\n\nexit 0\n使文件可执行并复制到 /bin 以将其用作命令。 \n chmod a+x pkgdetails && sudo cp pkgdetails /bin/\n现在使用 pkgdetails 命令获取安装详细信息和软件包部分: \n pkgdetails qbittorrent artha\n这是我的输出: --------------------- Installation Details of qbittorrent ---------------------- 2013-07-24 07:52:27 install qbittorrent 2.9.7-1 2013-07-24 09:11:32 install qbittorrent 3.0.x-0~4366-20130722~precise1 2013-10-19 05:32:27 install qbittorrent 3.0.x-0~4389-20130802~precise1 Section: net Section: universe/net --------------------- Installation Details of artha ---------------------- 2013-07-11 23:50:16 install artha 1.0.2-1ubuntu1 Section: universe/utils 参考资料 How to list installed package and its details on ubuntu? |
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