Unleashing the Potential of Sodium |
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Unleashing the Potential of Sodium
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Rechargeable sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) are emerging as a viable alternative to lithium-ion battery (LIB) technology, as their raw materials are economical, geographically abundant (unlike lithium), and less toxic. The matured LIB technology contributes significantly to digital civilization, from mobile electronic devices to zero electric-vehicle emissions. However, with the increasing reliance on renewable energy sources and the anticipated integration of high-energy-density batteries into the grid, concerns have arisen regarding the sustainability of lithium due to its limited availability and consequent price escalations. In this context, SIBs have gained attention as a potential energy storage alternative, benefiting from the abundance of sodium and sharing electrochemical characteristics similar to LIBs. Furthermore, high-entropy chemistry has emerged as a new paradigm, promising to enhance energy density and accelerate advancements in battery technology to meet the growing energy demands. This review uncovers the fundamentals, current progress, and the views on the future of SIB technologies, with a discussion focused on the design of novel materials. The crucial factors, such as morphology, crystal defects, and doping, that can tune electrochemistry, which should inspire young researchers in battery technology to identify and work on challenging research problems, are also reviewed.
中文翻译：
可充电钠离子电池 (SIB) 正在成为锂离子电池 (LIB) 技术的可行替代品，因为其原材料经济、地理丰富（与锂不同）且毒性较小。成熟的锂离子电池技术为从移动电子设备到电动汽车零排放的数字文明做出了重大贡献。然而，随着对可再生能源的依赖日益增加，以及高能量密度电池预计将并入电网，人们对锂的可持续性产生了担忧，因为锂的可用性有限且随之而来的价格上涨。在这种背景下，SIB作为一种潜在的储能替代方案而受到关注，受益于丰富的钠并具有与LIB类似的电化学特性。此外，高熵化学已成为一种新范式，有望提高能量密度并加速电池技术的进步，以满足不断增长的能源需求。这篇综述揭示了 SIB 技术的基本原理、当前进展以及对未来的看法，并重点讨论了新型材料的设计。还回顾了可以调节电化学的关键因素，例如形态、晶体缺陷和掺杂，这应该激励电池技术领域的年轻研究人员识别和解决具有挑战性的研究问题。 |
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