莫卫生 河南大学大学英语教学部 教授

读音规则

　　英语单词的拼写和读音有一定的规律，说明拼写和读音之间一般关系的规律称读音规则。但要注意不符合读音规则的情况也很多。

1. 开音节和重读闭音节中的元音读音。 a e i o u以读音元音字母结尾的音节和以辅音字母[除r外]加一个不发音的e结尾的音节称开音节。

开音节中元音字母读其本身的音。例如：

a [ei] name late make gate hate pace rate bake fate save case take wave place page plane cape same tale

e [i:] me he she be eve these Chinese

i[y] [ai] time like bike mike my type site vice nice mile life size by sky cry dry why

shrive white

o [ou] so go zero also bone dove rose vote yoke phone cope remote nose hope

u [ju:] use tube fume mule commune contribute

2. 闭音节和重读闭音节中的元音字母读音。

以一个和几个辅音字母结尾[除r外]的音节称为闭音节。

重读闭音节中的元音字母读短音。例如：

a [?] bat map flag black practice stand hat jack lack snatch sand quack hash dam van

e [e] bed let pen desk bet festival pledge stretch

i[y] [i] big lid sit pin myth bit film fish quit crisp

o [?] not fog lot box knock knowledge

u [?] bus but sun must butter duck but shuttle slum brush

3. 音节的读音。以一个元音字母和一个r构成的音节称为r音节。

ar [a:] car arm dark park party hard mark cart far garden sharp carve start startling

下面四个r音节在单词后读短音如：

or [?:] born actor (?) doctor (?) educator (?)

er [?:] her verb serve term nerve teacher (?) leader (?)worker (?)

ir [?:] bird shirt circle girl first third birth firm

ur [?:] fur curve nurse hurt turn burn burnish furl furniture hurdle lurk further

4. 辅音字母w和y在词中的读音

w [w] weak wave will wake week

y [j] you young youth yes yoke yield yesterday

5. 辅音字母h在词中的读音

h [h] hat hook hard house hut hunt hurt

注意以下几个词h不发音

honor honorable honorary honorific hourly

r在元音字母前读作(r)

red room ride road relation replace rain

r在元音字母后和元音构成r音节读 ar(a:) 其他

四个 or、 er、 ir、 ur读作(?:)或(?)

6. 辅音字母k、f、v、l、z、c、s、x在词中的读音

k [k] key kick kid kilogram kill kind king

kn [n] know knock knee knife knowledge

f [f] if life leaf firm form fish flag

v [v] verb curve carve love nerve move vote

l [l] let led late laid lip lap letter later

I在元音字母前读舌侧音（清晰），L一般出现在单词中间，辅音前面和词尾时读含糊音。例如：

table [?teibl ] little [?litl ] possible [?p?s?bl]

ill deal tell belt fail apple table

z [z] zoo zeal zigzag seize zero

c [s] c后面如果跟的是e、i、y时，c发[s]。例如：

cell center central century cease celebrate certain circle certificate circus c