原标题：病毒学公开课系列之十三:Intrinsic and innate defenses

引 言

为提高病毒学研究者，尤其是在读研究生的专业水平和英语水平，病毒学界将定期推送国内外大学的病毒学相关的公开课内容。本次为第十三期：病毒内在和固有免疫防御相关知识(哥伦比亚大学，全英文)。

演讲题目：Intrinsic and Innate Defenses

演讲者：Prof. Vincent Racaniello, Ph.D.

演讲者单位：哥伦比亚大学

内容简介：主要讲解了病毒病毒内在和固有免疫防御相关知识，图文并茂，适合中级进阶者学习专业知识和练习英文之用。

附完整视频：

总时长73分钟，1080高清，总计约119M，强烈建议在wifi环境下打开观看，土豪请随便！

精彩内容展示：

本期课程讲述的是宿主对病毒感染的内在还固有防御机制方面内容，首先我们生活的环境处于病毒的包围之中，但是很多感染情况下，我们并不知情。形象地展示了宿主对病毒感染的层层防御（四道关卡）。

Intrinsic

- Always present in the uninfected cell

- Apoptosis, autophagy, RNA silencing, antiviral proteins

Innate immune system:Induced by infection

Adaptive immune system: Tailored to pathogen

固有免疫系统简介：一般是在病毒感染后的几分钟或几小时内，宿主会激发固有免疫。

- Cytokines, sentinel cells (dendritic cells, macrophages, NK cells), complement

-Can inform adaptive response when infection reaches dangerous threshold

固有免疫系统如何识别外源微生物呢？而且与自身抗原区分开。

1980: Nusslein-Volhard and Wieschaus identify gene involved in establishing dorsal-ventral axis in Drosophila embryos. Called Toll gene. Nobel Prize, 1995，(“Das war ja toll!”)

1996: Toll found to have a role in immunity of fly to microbes

1997: Toll-like receptors identified in mammals

TLRs - Pattern recognition receptors

Recognition of foreign nucleic acids

三种型别的干扰素。

Production of IFNα/β is rapid: within hours of infection, declines by 10 h

IFN binding to IFN receptors leads to synthesis of >1000 cell proteins (ISGs, IFN stimulated genes)

Mechanisms of most ISGs not known

干扰素系统是“危险的”，为什么？

• IFN induces the expression of many deleterious gene products - most

of our cells have IFN receptors

• IFNs have dramatic physiological consequences: fever, chills, nausea,

malaise

• Every viral infection results in IFN production, one reason why ‘flu-like’

symptoms are so common

随后讲述了各种岗哨细胞，如Dendritic cells, macrophages, natural killer (NK) cells等等。

最后讲述了感染引起的炎症应答，当然非感染因素也可引起炎症应答。

附 Vincent R. Racaniello教授简介

Prof.Vincent R. Racaniello (born January 2, 1953 in Paterson, New Jersey) is a Higgins Professor in the Department of Microbiology and Immunology at Columbia University’s College of Physicians and Surgeons. He is one of four virologists who has recently authored Principles of Virology, a textbook used by many teaching virology to undergraduate, medical and graduate students.

As an esteemed member of the scientific community, Racaniello has received several awards including Irma T. Hirschl, Searle Scholars, Eli Lilly and NIH Merit. He has also been a Harvey Society Lecturer at Rockefeller University, the Hilleman Lecturer at the University of Chicago, and University Lecturer at Columbia University. Racaniello has served on the editorial boards of scientific journals, including the Journal of Virology, and is a community editor for the open access journal PLOS Pathogens. He also served as the 2015 president of the American Society for Virology.

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