An English word for deception without telling a lie?

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An English word for deception without telling a lie?

#An English word for deception without telling a lie?| 来源: 网络整理| 查看: 265

The question already mentions deception, my answer will build on that. This paper in the Journal of Personality and Social Psychology (all my quotes in this answer are from that paper) names 3 forms of deception and argues that they are distinct:

Lying by omission (which has already been answered to this question link). This fits your fourth and fifth examples.

Lying by commission, which the paper describes as "the active use of false statements" . This fits none of your examples.

Paltering, which has been briefly mentioned in the comments, is the form of deception that is the focus of the aforementioned paper. My answer will argue that it fits the first three examples in your question.

The paper defines paltering as follows:

"Paltering is the active use of truthful statements to convey a misleading impression"

The paper goes on to characterise paltering from the view of the palterer (the one(s) deceiving) and their targets (the one(s) being deceived) as follows:

"palterers focus on the veracity of their statements (“I told the truth”), whereas targets focus on the misleading impression palters convey (“I was misled”)"

This seems to be in line with the first three examples. The one's doing the deceiving seem to be holding that they are telling the truth yet the ones being deceived will hold that they were misled. I will deal with the examples in order:

In the first three examples the defense of the deceiving party will be that what is written is correct and corresponds to the other party having to pay a lot of money. The one(s) being deceived will say that the writing was not clear, i.e. they were misled.

The fourth and fifth answers are cases of lying by omission because in both cases relevant facts have not been mentioned by the deceiver.

Attribution for the paper: Rogers, T., Zeckhauser, R., Gino, F., Norton, M. I., & Schweitzer, M. E. (2017). Artful paltering: The risks and rewards of using truthful statements to mislead others. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 112(3), 456-473. doi:10.1037/pspi0000081



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