解剖MFC自动生成的宏定义 |
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一、关于DECLARE_MESSAGE_MAP宏定义使用MFC向导,在ApplicationType页面选择DialogBased,生成一个对话框项目,Dialog类命名为CCapturePacketDlg,在CCapturePacketDlg.cpp中自动产生下列代码: 1 BEGIN_MESSAGE_MAP(CCapturePacketDlg, CDialog) 2 ON_WM_PAINT() 3 END_MESSAGE_MAP() 先来分析ON_WM_PAINT(),在头文件“afxmsg.h”有它的宏定义,如下: 1 #define ON_WM_PAINT() \ 2 { WM_PAINT, 0 , 0 , 0 , AfxSig_vv, \ 3 (AFX_PMSG)(AFX_PMSGW) \ 4 (static_cast ( & ThisClass :: OnPaint)) } , 说明:层次序号x.y.z表示x为根节点也就是上面代码中的行号,y、z为上一级的定义展开。2.1 #define WM_PAINT 0x000F2.2 AfxSig_vv = AfxSig_v_v_v2.2.1 enum AfxSig::AfxSig_v_v_v = 193.1 AFX_PMSG:typedef void (AFX_MSG_CALL CCmdTarget::*AFX_PMSG)(void); //为一个函数指针3.2 AFX_PMSGW:typedef void (AFX_MSG_CALL CWnd::*AFX_PMSGW)(void); //为一个函数指针将ON_WM_PAINT()完全展开:1{2 0x000F, 3 0,4 0,5 0,6 19,7 //Converts OnPaint to the type of CCmdTarget finally. Derive Class 's pointer -> Base Class's pointer8 (AFX_MSG_CALL CCmdTarget::*)((AFX_MSG_CALL CWnd::*)(static_cast(&ThisClass :: OnPaint))9 }2. 再来分析BEGIN_MESSAGE_MAP(CCapturePacketDlg, CDialog),在“afxwin.h”中有定义: 1#define BEGIN_MESSAGE_MAP(theClass, baseClass) \ 2 PTM_WARNING_DISABLE \ 3 const AFX_MSGMAP* theClass::GetMessageMap() const \ 4 { return GetThisMessageMap(); } \ 5 const AFX_MSGMAP* PASCAL theClass::GetThisMessageMap() \ 6 { \ 7 typedef theClass ThisClass; \ 8 typedef baseClass TheBaseClass; \ 9 static const AFX_MSGMAP_ENTRY _messageEntries[] = \10 {2.1 PTM_WARNING_DISABLE: #define PTM_WARNING_DISABLE \ __pragma(warning( push )) \ //#pragma warning( push [ ,n ] ),Where n represents a warning level (1 through 4). //The pragma warning( push ) stores the current warning state for all warnings. __pragma(warning( disable : 4867 ))//Do not issue the specified warning message(s).//http://msdn2.microsoft.com/en-us/2c8f766e.aspx// Allows selective modification of the behavior of compiler warning messages.3.1 struct AFX_MSGMAP { 3.1.1 const AFX_MSGMAP* (PASCAL* pfnGetBaseMap)(); 3.1.2 const AFX_MSGMAP_ENTRY* lpEntries; };3.1.2 struct AFX_MSGMAP_ENTRY { UINT nMessage; // windows message UINT nCode; // control code or WM_NOTIFY code UINT nID; // control ID (or 0 for windows messages) UINT nLastID; // used for entries specifying a range of control id's UINT_PTR nSig; // signature type (action) or pointer to message # 3.1.2.1 AFX_PMSG pfn; // routine to call (or special value) }; 3.1.2.1 typedef void (AFX_MSG_CALL CCmdTarget::*AFX_PMSG)(void);5.1 #define PASCAL __stdcall将BEGIN_MESSAGE_MAP(CCapturePacketDlg, CDialog)完全展开: 1__pragma(warning( push )) __pragma(warning( disable : 4867 )) 2 const struct AFX_MSGMAP* CCapturePacketDlg::GetMessageMap() const 3 { 4 return GetThisMessageMap(); 5 } 6 const struct AFX_MSGMAP* __stdcall CCapturePacketDlg::GetThisMessageMap() 7 { 8 typedef CCapturePacketDlg ThisClass; 9 typedef CDialog TheBaseClass; 10 static const struct AFX_MSGMAP_ENTRY _messageEntries[] = 11 {3 最后分析END_MESSAGE_MAP(),在“afxwin.h”中有定义: 1#define END_MESSAGE_MAP() \2 {0, 0, 0, 0, AfxSig_end, (AFX_PMSG)0 } \3 }; \4 static const AFX_MSGMAP messageMap = \5 { &TheBaseClass::GetThisMessageMap, &_messageEntries[0] }; \6 return &messageMap; \7 } \8 PTM_WARNING_RESTORE2.1 AfxSig_end:enum AfxSig.AfxSig_end = 02.2 AFX_PMSG:typedef void (AFX_MSG_CALL CCmdTarget::*AFX_PMSG)(void);//函数指针4.1 struct AFX_MSGMAP { const AFX_MSGMAP* (PASCAL* pfnGetBaseMap)(); const AFX_MSGMAP_ENTRY* lpEntries; };8.1 #define PTM_WARNING_RESTORE \ __pragma(warning( pop ))//pop restores the state of all warnings (including 4705, 4706, and 4707) to what it was at the beginning of the code.·最后将 1BEGIN_MESSAGE_MAP(CCapturePacketDlg, CDialog)2 ON_WM_PAINT()3END_MESSAGE_MAP()完全展开为: 1__pragma(warning( push )) __pragma(warning( disable : 4867 )) 2 const struct AFX_MSGMAP* CCapturePacketDlg::GetMessageMap() const 3 { 4 return GetThisMessageMap(); 5 } 6 const struct AFX_MSGMAP* __stdcall CCapturePacketDlg::GetThisMessageMap() 7 { 8 typedef CCapturePacketDlg ThisClass; 9 typedef CDialog TheBaseClass; 10 static const struct AFX_MSGMAP_ENTRY _messageEntries[] = 11 {12 {13 0x000F, 14 0,15 0,16 0,17 19,18 //Converts OnPaint to the type of CCmdTarget finally. Derive Class 's pointer -> Base Class's pointer19 (AFX_MSG_CALL CCmdTarget::*)((AFX_MSG_CALL CWnd::*)(static_cast(&ThisClass :: OnPaint))20 },21 //add others22 {23 0,24 0,25 0,26 0,27 0,28 (AFX_PMSG)029 }30 }31 static const struct AFX_MSGMAP messageMap = 32 {33 &TheBaseClass::GetThisMessageMap,34 &_messageEntries[0]35 };36 return &messageMap;37 }38__pragma(warning( pop ))39其中GetMessageMap()是在哪里声明的呢?在CCapturePacketDlg的定义中有一个这样的宏:DECLARE_MESSAGE_MAP()老办法查看它的定义:1#define DECLARE_MESSAGE_MAP() \2protected: \3 static const AFX_MSGMAP* PASCAL GetThisMessageMap(); \4 virtual const AFX_MSGMAP* GetMessageMap() const; \注意函数为static,即它们是类的函数。函数中的static变量实际也在类对象未生成之前已经存在。(这种说法不知道是否正确?)小结:每次用MFC类向导生成一个类时,系统会在类的声明部分添加两个方法的声明:GetThisMessageMap(),GetMessageMap()。在类的实现部分.cpp文件中加上这两个方法的定义。当然这所有的代码都是由系统生成的,如果我们要定义自己的消息处理函数呢,例如,我们要添加一个按钮(ID为:IDC_BUTTON1)的单击处理函数我们可以添加宏ON_NOTIFY(NM_CLICK, IDC_BUTTON1, OnMyClick),OnMyClick为自定义函数,但是他必须与ON_NOTIFY中的函数原型一致。二、关于DECLARE_DYNCREATE宏使用MFC向导,在ApplicationType页面选择SingleDocument,生成一个单文档项目,Document类命名为CDynamicDoc,在CDynamicDoc.h中自动产生DECLARE_DYNCREATE(CDynamicDoc),CDynamicDoc.cpp中产生IMPLEMENT_DYNCREATE(CDynamicDoc, CDocument)。1、展开CDynamicDoc.h中的DECLARE_DYNCREATE(CDynamicDoc):1// not serializable, but dynamically constructable2 #define DECLARE_DYNCREATE(class_name) \3 DECLARE_DYNAMIC(class_name) \4 static CObject* PASCAL CreateObject();3.1如下定义:1#ifdef _AFXDLL2 #define DECLARE_DYNAMIC(class_name) \3 protected: \4 static CRuntimeClass* PASCAL _GetBaseClass(); \5 public: \6 static const CRuntimeClass class##class_name; \7 static CRuntimeClass* PASCAL GetThisClass(); \8 virtual CRuntimeClass* GetRuntimeClass() const; \so the result(DECLARE_DYNCREATE(CDynamicDoc)) of combining the above two is following:1protected: 2 static CRuntimeClass* PASCAL _GetBaseClass(); 3 public: 4 static const CRuntimeClass classCDynamicDoc; 5 static CRuntimeClass* PASCAL GetThisClass(); 6 virtual CRuntimeClass* GetRuntimeClass() const; 7 static CObject* PASCAL CreateObject();2、展开CDynamicDoc.cpp中的IMPLEMENT_DYNCREATE(CDynamicDoc, CDocument):1#define IMPLEMENT_DYNCREATE(class_name, base_class_name) \2 CObject* PASCAL class_name::CreateObject() \3 { return new class_name; } \4 IMPLEMENT_RUNTIMECLASS(class_name, base_class_name, 0xFFFF, \5 class_name::CreateObject, NULL)4.1如下定义: 1#define IMPLEMENT_RUNTIMECLASS(class_name, base_class_name, wSchema, pfnNew, class_init) \ 2 CRuntimeClass* PASCAL class_name::_GetBaseClass() \ 3 { return RUNTIME_CLASS(base_class_name); } \ 4 AFX_COMDAT const CRuntimeClass class_name::class##class_name = { \ 5 #class_name, sizeof(class class_name), wSchema, pfnNew, \ 6 &class_name::_GetBaseClass, NULL, class_init }; \ 7 CRuntimeClass* PASCAL class_name::GetThisClass() \ 8 { return _RUNTIME_CLASS(class_name); } \ 9 CRuntimeClass* class_name::GetRuntimeClass() const \10 { return _RUNTIME_CLASS(class_name); } \4.1.2 CRuntimeClass如下定义: 1struct CRuntimeClass 2 { 3 // Attributes 4 LPCSTR m_lpszClassName; 5 int m_nObjectSize; 6 UINT m_wSchema; // schema number of the loaded class 7 CObject* (PASCAL* m_pfnCreateObject)(); // NULL => abstract class 8 #ifdef _AFXDLL 9 CRuntimeClass* (PASCAL* m_pfnGetBaseClass)();10 #else11 CRuntimeClass* m_pBaseClass;12 #endif1314 // Operations15 CObject* CreateObject();16 BOOL IsDerivedFrom(const CRuntimeClass* pBaseClass) const;1718 // dynamic name lookup and creation19 static CRuntimeClass* PASCAL FromName(LPCSTR lpszClassName);20 static CRuntimeClass* PASCAL FromName(LPCWSTR lpszClassName);21 static CObject* PASCAL CreateObject(LPCSTR lpszClassName);22 static CObject* PASCAL CreateObject(LPCWSTR lpszClassName);2324 // Implementation25 void Store(CArchive& ar) const;26 static CRuntimeClass* PASCAL Load(CArchive& ar, UINT* pwSchemaNum);2728 // CRuntimeClass objects linked together in simple list29 CRuntimeClass* m_pNextClass; // linked list of registered classes30 const AFX_CLASSINIT* m_pClassInit;31 };4.1.2.30 AFX_CLASSINIT如下定义:(这个变量非常重要,它完成了将新的类加在List头部的功能,List中的节点类型就是CRuntimeClass) 1/**////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// 2 // Basic object model 3 4 // generate static object constructor for class registration 5 void AFXAPI AfxClassInit(CRuntimeClass* pNewClass); 6 struct AFX_CLASSINIT 7 { AFX_CLASSINIT(CRuntimeClass* pNewClass) { AfxClassInit(pNewClass); } }; 8 //C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\VC\atlmfc\src\mfc\objcore.cpp Line157 9 void AFXAPI AfxClassInit(CRuntimeClass* pNewClass)10 {11 AFX_MODULE_STATE* pModuleState = AfxGetModuleState();12 AfxLockGlobals(CRIT_RUNTIMECLASSLIST);13 pModuleState->m_classList.AddHead(pNewClass);14 AfxUnlockGlobals(CRIT_RUNTIMECLASSLIST);15 }16 //可以将AfxClassInit()函数的功能简单的如下表示:17 AFX_CLASSINIT::AFX_CLASSINIT(CRuntimeClass* pNewClass)18 {19 pNewClass->m_pNextClass = CRuntimeClass::pFirstClass;20 CRuntimeClass::pFirstClass = pNewClass;21 }4.1.3 RUNTIME_CLASS如下定义:1#define RUNTIME_CLASS(class_name) (class_name::GetThisClass())4.1.4 AFX_COMDAT如下定义:1#define AFX_COMDAT __declspec(selectany)说明:“#”——operator (#) converts macro parameters to string literals without expanding the parameter definition.“##”——operator (##), which is sometimes called the "merging" operator, is used in both object-like and function-like macros. 4.1.8 _RUNTIME_CLASS如下定义:1#define _RUNTIME_CLASS(class_name) ((CRuntimeClass*)(&class_name::class##class_name))so the result(IMPLEMENT_DYNCREATE(CDynamicDoc, CDocument)) of combining the aboves is following: 1//CDynamicDoc, CDocument->class_name, base_class_name 2 static CObject* PASCAL CDynamicDoc::CreateObject() 3 { 4 return new CDynamicDoc; 5 } 6 7 static CRuntimeClass* PASCAL CDynamicDoc::_GetBaseClass() 8 { 9 return CDocument::GetThisClass()10 }1112 __declspec(selectany) static const CRuntimeClass CDynamicDoc::classCDynamicDoc = 13 {14 "CDynamicDoc"15 , sizeof(class CDynamicDoc)16 , 0xFFFF17 , CDynamicDoc::CreateObject18 , &CDynamicDoc::_GetBaseClass19 , NULL20 , NULL21 };2223 static CRuntimeClass* PASCAL CDynamicDoc::GetThisClass()24 {25 return ((CRuntimeClass*)(&CDynamicDoc::classCDynamicDoc));26 }2728 CRuntimeClass* CDynamicDoc::GetRuntimeClass() const29 {30 return ((CRuntimeClass*)(&CDynamicDoc::classCDynamicDoc));31 }小结:注意了,上面的成员变量、很多函数都是static如果你想看这些宏的简化版,可以参考侯老的《深入浅出MFC》,如下:1//in header file 2class CView : public CWnd 3{ 4public: 5 static CRuntimeClass classCView; 6 virtual CRuntimeClass* GetRuntimeClass() const; 7 //…… 8}; 9//in implementation file10static char_lpszCView = "CView";11CRuntimeClass CView::classCView =12{13 _lpszCView14 , sizeof(CView)15 , 0xFFF16 , NULL17 , &CWnd::classCWnd18 , NULL19};20static AFX_CLASSINIT _init_CView(&CView::classCView)21{22 (&CView::classCView)->m_pNextClass = CRuntimeClass::pFirstClass;23 CRuntimeClass::pFirstClass = &CView::classCView;24}25CRuntimeClass* CView::GetRuntimeClass() const26{27 return &CView::classCView;28}其中他将CRuntimeClass简化定义为:struct CRuntimeClass{// Attributes LPCSTR m_lpszClassName; int m_nObjectSize; UINT m_wSchema; // schema number of the loaded class CObject* (PASCAL* m_pfnCreateObject)(); // NULL => abstract class CRuntimeClass* m_pBaseClass; // CRuntimeClass objects linked together in simple list static CRuntimeClass* pFirstClass; // start of class list CRuntimeClass* m_pNextClass; // linked list of registered classes}; 三、宏DECLARE_SERIAL(CStroke)、IMPLEMENT_SERIAL(CStroke, CObject, 1),给出它们的宏定义及结果: 1//declaration file 2#define DECLARE_SERIAL(class_name) \ 3 _DECLARE_DYNCREATE(class_name) \ 4 AFX_API friend CArchive& AFXAPI operator>>(CArchive& ar, class_name* &pOb); 5 6 #define _DECLARE_DYNCREATE(class_name) \ 7 _DECLARE_DYNAMIC(class_name) \ 8 static CObject* PASCAL CreateObject(); 910 #define _DECLARE_DYNAMIC(class_name) \11 protected: \12 static CRuntimeClass* PASCAL _GetBaseClass(); \13 public: \14 static CRuntimeClass class##class_name; \15 static CRuntimeClass* PASCAL GetThisClass(); \16 virtual CRuntimeClass* GetRuntimeClass() const; \17//implement file18#define IMPLEMENT_SERIAL(class_name, base_class_name, wSchema) \19 CObject* PASCAL class_name::CreateObject() \20 { return new class_name; } \21 extern AFX_CLASSINIT _init_##class_name; \22 _IMPLEMENT_RUNTIMECLASS(class_name, base_class_name, wSchema, \23 class_name::CreateObject, &_init_##class_name) \24 AFX_CLASSINIT _init_##class_name(RUNTIME_CLASS(class_name)); \25 CArchive& AFXAPI operator>>(CArchive& ar, class_name* &pOb) \26 { pOb = (class_name*) ar.ReadObject(RUNTIME_CLASS(class_name)); \27 return ar; } \28 29 // generate static object constructor for class registration30 void AFXAPI AfxClassInit(CRuntimeClass* pNewClass);31 struct AFX_CLASSINIT32 { AFX_CLASSINIT(CRuntimeClass* pNewClass) { AfxClassInit(pNewClass); } };3334 void AFXAPI AfxClassInit(CRuntimeClass* pNewClass)35 {36 AFX_MODULE_STATE* pModuleState = AfxGetModuleState();37 AfxLockGlobals(CRIT_RUNTIMECLASSLIST);38 pModuleState->m_classList.AddHead(pNewClass);39 AfxUnlockGlobals(CRIT_RUNTIMECLASSLIST);40 }4142 43 #define _IMPLEMENT_RUNTIMECLASS(class_name, base_class_name, wSchema, pfnNew, class_init) \44 CRuntimeClass* PASCAL class_name::_GetBaseClass() \45 { return RUNTIME_CLASS(base_class_name); } \46 AFX_COMDAT CRuntimeClass class_name::class##class_name = { \47 #class_name, sizeof(class class_name), wSchema, pfnNew, \48 &class_name::_GetBaseClass, NULL, class_init }; \49 CRuntimeClass* PASCAL class_name::GetThisClass() \50 { return _RUNTIME_CLASS(class_name); } \51 CRuntimeClass* class_name::GetRuntimeClass() const \52 { return _RUNTIME_CLASS(class_name); } \53 54 #define _RUNTIME_CLASS(class_name) ((CRuntimeClass*)(&class_name::class##class_name))5556 #define RUNTIME_CLASS(class_name) (class_name::GetThisClass()) 1//header file 2 protected: 3 static CRuntimeClass* PASCAL _GetBaseClass(); 4 public: 5 static CRuntimeClass classCStroke; 6 static CRuntimeClass* PASCAL GetThisClass(); 7 virtual CRuntimeClass* GetRuntimeClass() const; 8 static CObject* PASCAL CreateObject(); 9 AFX_API friend CArchive& AFXAPI operator>>(CArchive& ar, CStroke* &pOb);10//implement file11 //static12 static CObject* PASCAL CStroke::CreateObject()13 {14 return new CStroke;15 }16 //static17 static CRuntimeClass* PASCAL CStroke::GetThisClass();18 { 19 return ((CRuntimeClass*)(&CStroke::classCStroke))20 }21 //static22 static CRuntimeClass* PASCAL CStroke::_GetBaseClass() 23 { 24 return (CObject::GetThisClass());25 }26 //static27 static AFX_COMDAT CRuntimeClass CStroke::classCStroke = 28 {29 "CStroke"30 , sizeof(class CStroke)31 , 132 , CStroke::CreateObject33 , &class_name::_GetBaseClass34 , NULL35 , &_init_CStroke 36 }; 37 CRuntimeClass* CStroke::GetRuntimeClass() const38 { 39 return ((CRuntimeClass*)(&CStroke::classCStroke)); 40 }41 extern struct AFX_CLASSINIT _init_CStroke;42 struct AFX_CLASSINIT _init_CStroke43 {44 void AFXAPI AfxClassInit(CRuntimeClass* CStroke)45 {46 AFX_MODULE_STATE* pModuleState = AfxGetModuleState();47 AfxLockGlobals(CRIT_RUNTIMECLASSLIST);48 pModuleState->m_classList.AddHead(CStroke);49 AfxUnlockGlobals(CRIT_RUNTIMECLASSLIST);50 }51 };52 CArchive& AFXAPI operator>>(CArchive& ar, class_name* &pOb) 53 { 54 pOb = (CStroke*) ar.ReadObject(RUNTIME_CLASS(CStroke));55 return ar; 56 }总结,一旦RUNTIME_CLASS(CStroke)由#define RUNTIME_CLASS(class_name) (class_name::GetThisClass())也就是CStroke::GetThisClass() 即CStroke::classCStroke = { "CStroke" , sizeof(class CStroke) , 1 , CStroke::CreateObject , &class_name::_GetBaseClass , NULL , &_init_CStroke }其中,由extern AFX_CLASSINIT _initCStroke可知_init_CStroke是一个结构体AFX_CLASSINIT的对象,此结构体有构造函数: 1void AFXAPI AfxClassInit(CRuntimeClass* pNewClass); 2 struct AFX_CLASSINIT 3 { AFX_CLASSINIT(CRuntimeClass* pNewClass) { AfxClassInit(pNewClass); } }; 4 5 void AFXAPI AfxClassInit(CRuntimeClass* pNewClass) 6 { 7 AFX_MODULE_STATE* pModuleState = AfxGetModuleState(); 8 AfxLockGlobals(CRIT_RUNTIMECLASSLIST); 9 pModuleState->m_classList.AddHead(pNewClass);10 AfxUnlockGlobals(CRIT_RUNTIMECLASSLIST);11 }所以一旦返回classCStroke,也就调用了_init_CStroke的构造函数即将类CStroke添加到了全局变量m_classList类的List中了,同时在变量classCStroke中,也可以得到类CStroke的名称、大小、一个CStroke的对象、类CStroke的基类以及AFX_CLASSINIT结构的一个对象。 |
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