先前的大多数研究得出结论，服用超短效催眠药后6到9小时内，认知功能和性能的下降不会持续。这项研究检查了超短效催眠药对给药后12小时（即认为足以使催眠药消失的时间）的认知功能和表现的影响。

13名健康的年轻男性志愿者（平均年龄23.4±3.2岁）参加了这项研究。参加者参加了三场多导睡眠图（PSG）记录，然后第一场口服安慰剂，第二次和第三次口服5 mg唑吡坦或0.25 mg三唑仑，以双盲，随机的方式间隔至少五次天。每节课后进行一次认知测试，包括反映警觉和嗜睡的心理运动警惕任务（PVT），反映注意力和工作记忆功能的数字符号替代测试（DSST）以及主观嗜睡和精神状况的评估使用视觉模拟量表（VAS）。

催眠药的使用显着增加了总睡眠时间，睡眠效率以及第2和第4阶段的睡眠，并显着降低了睡眠发作和第1阶段后的苏醒。PVT参数不受催眠药的影响，但DSST评分显着降低，用药后，“主观警觉性”，“精力充沛”和“悲伤”明显恶化。总之，尽管在服用超短效催眠药后12小时客观嗜睡消失了，但即使在服用后12小时，它们的降低认知功能的作用仍然持续。

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Objective

Most previous studies have concluded that decreased cognitive function and performance due to ultra-short acting hypnotics do not persist after 6–9 h post-administration. This study examined the effects of ultra-short acting hypnotics on cognitive function and performance 12 h after administration, ie, a time considered sufficient for the effects of hypnotics to disappear.

Thirteen healthy young male volunteers (mean age, 23.4 ± 3.2 years) participated in this study. Participants attended three sessions of polysomnography (PSG) recording preceded by oral administration of placebo for the first session, and 5 mg zolpidem or 0.25 mg triazolam for the second and third sessions, in a double-blinded, randomized manner at intervals of at least five days. A cognitive test battery was administered following each session, consisting of a psychomotor vigilance task (PVT), which reflects alertness and sleepiness, digit symbol substitution test (DSST), which reflects attention and working memory function, and assessment of subjective sleepiness and mental condition using a visual analog scale (VAS).

The administration of hypnotics significantly increased total sleep time, sleep efficiency, and sleep stages 2 and 4, and significantly decreased wake after sleep onset and sleep stage 1. PVT parameters were not affected by the administration of hypnotics, but DSST score was significantly lower, and “subjective alertness,” “vigor,” and “sadness” significantly deteriorated, after administration. In conclusion, while objective sleepiness disappeared 12 h after the administration of ultra-short acting hypnotics, their effects to decrease cognitive function persisted even after 12 h post-administration.