Most Useful Biological Prefixes and Suffixes for the Biology Olympiad |
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Most Useful Biological Prefixes and Suffixes for the Biology Olympiad
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Most Useful Biological Prefixes and Suffixes for the Biology Olympiad
martyna p March 5, 2019 Tips and Tricks Students preparing for the biology olympiad should be able to recognize word parts since they often give a clue as to the meaning of a word. Science terminology is predominately based on the Latin and Greek languages. Thus, Biolympiads.com compiled a list of the most common word parts which are common in biology.  Homework vector created by pch.vector – www.freepik.com
PrefixMeaningExampleAa-, an- not, without, lacking, deficientapetalous, atypicalab- away from, out fromabaxial epidermisacou-, acous- hearacoustic-aceous of or pertaining toproteinaceousad- to, towardadaxial epidermis, adhereaden- glandadenohypothesisadip- fatadipocytesaero- airaerophileagglutin/o clumping; sticking togetheraggliutinationagri- field, soilAgrobacteriumaig-, -algia painneuralgiaalb- whitealbino-algia painneuralgiaalto- highaltitudeambi- bothambivalenceameb- change, alternationameboidamni- fetal membraneamnionamphi-, ampho- bothamphibolic, amphipathic, amphibiansamyl- starchamylopectinana- away, up, back, againanabolisman- withoutanhydrousandro- maleandroecium, androgenanemo- windanemophilyang- choke, feel painanginaangi- blood, vessel, ductangiogenesis, angiotensinante-ahead of time, beforeanterioranter- frontanterogradeantho- flowerantophytesanti- against, oppositeantitoxin, antibodyantrhopo- man, humananthropologyapo-, ap- away from, out fromapoplexy, apocarpaqu- wateraquaporinarchaeo-, arche- primitive, ancientarcheologyarteri- arteryarteriolearthr- jointarthropodaster-, astr starAsteroidea-ase enzymeamylaseatmo- vaporatmosphereaudi- hearaudibleaur- earauricleauto- selfautoimmuneavi- bird, flyingavianBbacter-, bactr- bacterium, stick,bactericidalbaro- pressurebarophile, barometerbi- twobiradialbi-, bio- (Greek) life, livingabiotic, biotic-blast- sprout, germ, budblastula, erythroblastbrachi- armtriceps brachiibrachy- shortbrachycardiabrady- slowbradycardiabranchi- finBranchiostomabronch- windpipebronchiolesbut- with 4 carbonsbutaneCcalor- heatcalorimetercapit- headdecapitatecarcin- cancercarcinogeneiccardi- heartcardiomyocytecarn- meat, fleshcarnivorecarp- fruitpericarpcarpal- wristmetacarpalcata- breaking downcatabolismcaud- tailcaudalcenti- hundredthcentipedescentr- centercentralcephal- headcephaliccerebr- braincerebrospinalcervic- neckcervical vertebraecheli-, chela- claw, pincercheliceratechem- dealing with chemicalschemotherapy, chemotaxischir- handChiropterachlor- greenchlorophyllchondr- cartilagechondrocytechrom-, -chrome chrome colorchromosomechron- timeheterochrony-chym chym juicechymecide to kill, a killerbacteriocidalcirca-, circum- around, aboutcircumvallateco- withcooperativitycoel-, -coelomcavity, space w/in bodyacoelomatescoll- gluecolligativeconi- coneconifercontra- againstcontralateralcorp- bodycorpusclecort-, cortic- outer layercortexcotyl- cupcotyledoncounter- againstcounterattackcrani- skullextracranialcrypt- hidden, coveredcryptic coloration-cul-, -cule small, diminutivemoleculecuti- skinpulmocutaneouscyan- bluecynobacteriacyt-, cyto-, -cyte, cyto-, -cyte cell, hollow containercytoplasm-cyst- saccyst- sac, pouch, bladderoocyst-cycle ring, circlepericycleDdactyl- fingerpolydactylylde- away from, downdegradationdeca- tendecapoddeci- tenthdecimeterdemi- halfdemineralisationdendr- treedendrochronologydent- toothperiodontitisderm- skinepidermisdi- bi-, du-, duo-, dipl- two, doublebiramaousdia- (Greek) throughdiapedesisdigit- finger, toedigital arterydiplo- twodiploblasticdis- apart, outdisequilibriumdorm- sleepdormancydors- backdorsaldynam- powerdynamometerdys- bad, abnormal, difficultdyspepsiaEec- out of, away fromectopicechin-, echino- spiny, pricklyechinodermeco- houseecology-ectomyectomyappendectomyecto- outside ofectoparasite-emia emia bloodanemiaen-, em-, endo-, ent- in, into, within, insideembolism, endoskeletonencephal- brainencephalitisennea-, novem- nine–enter-, entero- intestine, gutenterokinaseentom- insectsentomology-elle elle smallmicelleepi- upon, above, overepiglottiserythro- rederythrocyte, phycoerythrinequi- horseequisetophyteeth- with 2 carbonsethyleneeu- proper, real, well, good, true, normaleumetazoanseury- wideneuryhalineex-, exo- out of, away fromexothermicextra- beyond, outsideextraembryonicFferro- ironferritin-fer-bear, carry, transportafferent, efferent, transferin fibr- fiberfiber, threadfibrinogenfiss-, -fid divided into, splitfissionflor- flowerflorigenflu-,fluct-flux flowinflux, efluxfoli- leaf–fore- beforeforebrainfract- breakfractureGgam- marriagegametegastro-, gastr- stomachpneumogastric, gastringen- beginninggenetics, glycogengeo earth, landgeotaxisgloss- tonguehypoglossalgluc-, glyc- sweet, sugarglycosuriaglut- buttockgluteusglyco- glucoseglycogen-gnath- jawgnathostoma-gnosis gnosis knowledge, to knowdiagnosisgraph to write, to drawelectroencephalographygrav- heavy–gymno- naked, baregymnospermgyn-, -gynous femalegynoeciumgyr- ring, circle, spiralgyrusHhalo- salthalophilehapl-, haplo- simplehaploidcent-, cente- 100–hector- hundred–-helminth helminth wormanthelminthichem-, heme-, -hemo bloodhemorrhagehemi- halfhemichordatehepar-, hepat- liverhepatitishepta- septem-, septi- seven–herb- grass, plantsherbicide, herbivoreherp- snakes, reptileherpetologyhetero- different, otherheterozygoushex-, hexa- six–hidr- sweathidrosishist- tissuehistologyholo- entire, wholeholoblastichomo- man, human (Latin)Homo sapienshomo- same, alikehomozygoushort- gardenhorticulturehydr- waterhydrolytichygr- moist, wethygrophilehyper- above, beyond, overhypersecretionhyph- weaving, webhyphaehypo- below, under, lesshyposecretion, hypocotylhyster- womb, uterushysterectomyI-iasis iasis disease, abnormal conditionatelectasisichthy- fishosteichthyesign- fireignitein-, il-, im-, ir- not, toward, intoinflux-itis itis inflammationappendicitisinfra- below, beneathinfraredinter- betweenintercostalintra- insideintrathoraciciso- equal, sameisovolumetricir- notirregularKkata-, cata- downcatabolismkaryo- nucleuskaryokinesiskel- tumor, swelling–kerat- hornkeratinkilo- thousandkilogramkine-, kin- movekinetic, dyskinesiaLlachry- tearlachrymal glandlact- milklactase, prolactinlat- sideipsilateralleuc-, leuk- white, bright, lightleucocytelign- woodligninlingu- tonguelinguallip- fatlipophobiclith-, -lite stone, petrifyingcholecystolithiasisloc- placelocuslogos, logy studybiologylumen- lightchemolumenescenceluna moon–lyso-, -lysis break aparthemolysislymph-, lympho- lymphlymphocyteMmacr-, macro- largemacrophage, macrocephalymal- badmalabsorptionmalac- softosteomalaciamalle- hammermalleusmamm- breastmammary glandmarg- border, edgemarginalmast- breastmastocytemed- middle–meg- million, greatmegagametophyte-mer mer partmetamermela-, melan- black, darkmelanoma, melenames- middle, half, intermediatemesencephalonmeso- middlemesolimbicmet-, meta- between, along, aftermetanephridiameter meter (unit) centimetermeth- with 1 carbonmethylmicro- small, millionthmicroorganismmid- middlemidbrainmilli- thousandthmillimetermin- small–mis- wrong, incorrect–mit, mis- sendneurotransmittermito- threadmitosismole- massmoleculemono- one, singlemonocyte, monosaccharidemorph- form, bodymorphologymort- deathpostmortemmot- movemotilemulti- manymultilobedmut-, muta- changemutagenmy-, myo- musclemyosin, myoglobinmyc- fungusmycosismycel- threadlikemyceliummyco- fungusmycologymyriad- manymyriapodaNnas- nosenasalnecro- deadnecrosisnemat- threadnematodeneo- new, recentneocortexneprho- kidneynephritisneuro- nerveneurilemmanoct-, nov- nightnocturalnon- not–nuc- centernucleoplasmaOob- againstobstructionoct- eightoctopusocul- eyeocularodont- teethodontology-oid oid similar tolymphoid, ameboidolf- smellolfaction-ole ole smallbronchioleoligo- few, littleoligosaccharideomni- allomnivore-oma swelling, tumorsarcomaonc- mass, tumor, blukoncosphere, oncotic pressureonco- canceroncologyoo-, ovul-, ova- eggoocystophthalm- eyeophtalmologyopt- eyeopticorb- circle, round, ringorbitalornith- birdornithologyorth- straight, correct, rightOrthopteraoscu- mouthosculumos-, oste-, osteo- boneosteology, osteocyteoto- earotitisov- eggoviduct, ovipositoroxy- sharp, acid, oxygenanoxygenicPproto- first, primaryprotoxylem, protonephridiapachy- thickpachytenapaleo- old, ancientpaleontologypalm- broad, flatpalmatepan- allpandemicpar-, para- beside, near, equal, alongsideparathyroid, parapodiapartheno- virginparthenogenesispath-, -pathydiseasepathologyped- footpedipalppent- fivepentamericperi- aroundpericardiumpermea- pass, gopermeablephago- eatphagocyte-philia, -phil-love, friendshipbasophil, eosinophil-phobia fear, intense dislikehydrophobicphon-, -phone soundphonologyphoto- lightphotoreceptor-phore, pher- bear, carrychromatophore, electrophoresisphren- mind, diaphragmphrenic nervephyco- seaweed, algaephycobilinphyl- related groupphylogeny-phyll phyll leafphyllotaxyphysic- nature, natural qualitiesphysiologyphyto-, phyte plantphytohormonepinni- featherpinnatepino- drinkpinocytosisplasm-, -plast- form, formed intoplasmolemaplaty- flatPlatyhelminthespleur- lung, rib, sidepleurapneumo- lungs, airpneumonia-pnea pnea breathingdyspneapoly- many, much polygon, polyesterpolysaccharidepom- fruitpomepor- openingporeport- carryuniporter, antiporterpost- after, behindpostganglionicpre- before, ahead of timeproenzymepri- firstprimitive, primordiapro-, proto- first, before,forward,protostomeprop- with 3 carbonspropaneproprio- one’s own proprioceptorspseudo- falsepseudopedpsycho-mind, mentalpsychologypter- having wings or finsapterapulmo- lungpulmonarypyr- heat, firepyrogenquadr- fourquadriplegicquin- five–Rradi- rayradialre- again, backre-absorptionren- kidneyadrenalret- net, made like a netreticular fibersretro- back, backwardretrograderhag-, -rrhage burst forthhemorrhagerhe-, -rrhea flowdiarrhea, rheotaxisrhino- noserhinocerosrhiz- root, rootlikerhizoidrhodo- redrhodophyteroto- wheelrotiferarupt- to breakruptureSsacchar- sugardisaccharidesapr- rottensaprotrophsarc- flesh, musclesarcoplasmsaur- lizard lizard ichthyosaurianschis-, schiz- split, divideschizogonyscler- hardsclereidscriptto write–semi- half, partlysemilunarsept- partition, sevenseptasess- sitsessilesex- six–sol-, helio- sunheliotropismsom-, somat-, -some bodysomatic cellsomn- sleepinsomniason- soundsonolocationspec-, spic- look atinspectionspermat-, -sperm seedspermatophorespir-, -spire breathespiraclesstat-, -stasis standing, placed, stayinghemostasisstell- starsstellarsten- narrowstenosisstereo- solid, 3-dimensionalsteroisomersteato- , stea- fatsteatorrheastoma-, -stome mouth, openingprotostomestyl- pillarstylussub- under, belowsubcellular, sublingualsupra-, super-, sur- over, above, on topsuprarenalsym-, syn- together, withsymporterTtachy- quick, swifttachycardiatarso- ankletarsaltax- arrange, put in ordertaxistel-, tele- distanttelencephalon, telsontelo- endtelophaseterr- earth, landterrestrialtetra- quadri-, quart-4tetrapodsthall- young shootthallustherm- heatthermophilicthrombo- clot, coagulationthrombosis-tom-, -tomy cut, slicetonsillectomytop- placetopologytoxi-, toxo- poisontoxintrache- windpipetracheidstrans- across, throughtransstadialtri- three–trich- hairtrichomestroph- feedautotrophic-tropic, tropism turningphototropicturb- whirlturbineUultra- beyondultrafiltration-ule ule smallsacculeun- notuncoveruni- one, singleuniportur-, -uria urineglycosuria-ura tailAnuraVvas- vesselvasodilationvect- carryvectorven-, vent- comeventrolateralventr- belly, undersideventralvig- strongvigorousvit-, viv- lifeviviparousvolv- roll, wanderVolvox-vor- devour, eatcarnivorousXxanth- yellowxanthophyllxero- dryxerophytexyl- woodxylemZ-zoite (-zoon) animaltrophozoitezoo-, zo-, -zoan animalzoonoticzyg- joined togetherzygote
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