HBase环境搭建有三种方式：1.本地模式：只需要一个节点（只有HMaster，没有HRegionServer），不需要集成ZooKeeper，数据存储在本地文件系统上；2.伪分布模式：只需要一个节点（HMaster和HRegionServer在同一个节点上），需要集成ZooKeeper，数据存储在HDFS上；3.全分布模式：至少需要3个节点（一个HMaster节点和至少2个HRegionServer节点），需要集成ZooKeeper，数据存储在HDFS上。本节先来介绍HBase伪分布模式的环境搭建过程。

本节用到的安装介质：

hbase-2.0.1-bin.tar.gz 提取码：h04f zookeeper-3.4.10.tar.gz 提取码：31j4

Hadoop伪分布模式的搭建过程请参看文章《Hadoop从入门到精通2：Hadoop2.x环境搭建之伪分布模式》。

Zookeeper有两种常见的搭建方式：1.standalone方式；2.集群方式。

这两者的区别是：

这里来介绍Zookeeper的standalone方式的搭建过程：

[root@bigdata ~]# cd /root/tools/ [root@bigdata tools]# ls zookeeper-3.4.10.tar.gz

[root@bigdata tools]# tar -zxvf zookeeper-3.4.10.tar.gz -C /root/trainings/

[root@bigdata tools]# vim /root/.bash_profile ZOOKEEPER_HOME=/root/trainings/zookeeper-3.4.10 export ZOOKEEPER_HOME PATH=PATH export PATH [root@bigdata tools]# source /root/.bash_profile

创建Zookeeper保存数据的目录：

[root@bigdata ~]# mkdir /root/trainings/zookeeper-3.4.10/tmp

创建Zookeeper Server ID的配置文件myid，内容写入1：

[root@bigdata ~]# vim /root/trainings/zookeeper-3.4.10/tmp/myid 1

编辑Zookeeper的配置文件zoo.cfg：

[root@bigdata ~]# cd /root/trainings/zookeeper-3.4.10/conf [root@bigdata conf]# cp zoo_sample.cfg zoo.cfg [root@bigdata conf]# vim zoo.cfg #dataDir=/tmp/zookeeper dataDir=/root/trainings/zookeeper-3.4.10/tmp server.1=bigdata:2888:3888

[root@bigdata ~]# zkServer.sh start ZooKeeper JMX enabled by default Using config: /root/trainings/zookeeper-3.4.10/bin/../conf/zoo.cfg Starting zookeeper ... STARTED [root@bigdata ~]# jps 1996 QuorumPeerMain 2015 Jps

可以从上面的安装介质链接中下载HBase安装包，或者去HBase官网下载最新HBase安装包，然后使用WInSCP工具将下载好的安装包上传至/root/tools目录下。

[root@bigdata ~]# cd /root/tools/ [root@bigdata tools]# ls

hbase-2.0.1-bin.tar.gz

将HBase安装包解压至安装目录/root/trainings/

[root@bigdata tools]# tar -zxvf hbase-2.0.1-bin.tar.gz -C /root/trainings/

将HBase加入到环境变量PATH中

[root@bigdata tools]# cd /root/trainings/hbase-2.0.1/ [root@bigdata hbase-2.0.1]# pwd /root/trainings/hbase-2.0.1 [root@bigdata hbase-2.0.1]# vim /root/.bash_profile HBASE_HOME=/root/trainings/hbase-2.0.1 export HBASE_HOME PATH=$HBASE_HOME/bin:$PATH export PATH [root@bigdata hbase-2.0.1]# source /root/.bash_profile

启动Hadoop伪分布集群：

[root@bigdata ~]# start-all.sh

在HDFS上新建一个目录用来存储HBase的数据：

[root@bigdata ~]# hdfs dfs -mkdir /hbase

进入$HBASE_HOME/conf目录，配置下面的配置文件：

[root@bigdata conf]# pwd /root/trainings/hbase-2.0.1/conf

[root@bigdata conf]# vim hbase-env.sh # The java implementation to use. Java 1.8+ required. # export JAVA_HOME=/usr/java/jdk1.8.0/ export JAVA_HOME=/root/trainings/jdk1.8.0_144 #注意：参数HBASE_MANAGES_ZK=true时表示使用HBase自带的ZooKeeper， #因此，如果第2步没有安装别的ZooKeeper请将该参数置为true，否则置为false。 export HBASE_MANAGES_ZK=false [root@bigdata conf]# vim hbase-site.xml hbase.rootdir hdfs://bigdata:9000/hbase hbase.cluster.distributed true hbase.zookeeper.quorum bigdata dfs.replication 1

[root@bigdata conf]# vim regionservers bigdata

注意：这里需要Java的版本在1.8以上。

[root@bigdata ~ ]# start-hbase.sh bigdata: running zookeeper, logging to /root/trainings/hbase-2.0.1/bin/../logs/hbase-root-zookeeper->bigdata.out running master, logging to /root/trainings/hbase-2.0.1/logs/hbase-root-master-bigdata.out : running regionserver, logging to /root/trainings/hbase-2.0.1/logs/hbase-root-regionserver-bigdata.out

[root@bigdata ~ ]# jps 3745 Jps 3506 HRegionServer 2339 DataNode 2789 NodeManager 3429 HMaster 2678 ResourceManager 2519 SecondaryNameNode 2201 NameNode 1996 QuorumPeerMain

可以看到，HBase伪分布模式启动之后HMaster进程和HRegionServer进程在同一个节点上。

可以在网页上监控HBase的状态信息：端口号16010

使用hbase shell命令可以进入HBase命令行模式：

[root@bigdata ~]# hbase shell HBase Shell Use "help" to get list of supported commands. Use "exit" to quit this interactive shell. Version 2.0.1, r987f7b6d37c2fcacc942cc66e5c5122aba8fdfbe, Wed Jun 13 12:03:55 PDT 2018 Took 0.0016 seconds hbase(main):001:0> create 'tblStudent','Info','Grade' Created table tblStudent Took 1.1067 seconds => Hbase::Table - tblStudent hbase(main):002:0> put 'tblStudent','stu001','Info:name','Tom' Took 0.1482 seconds hbase(main):003:0> put 'tblStudent','stu001','Info:age','25' Took 0.0094 seconds hbase(main):004:0> put 'tblStudent','stu001','Grade:chinese','88' Took 0.0064 seconds hbase(main):005:0> put 'tblStudent','stu001','Grade:math','90' Took 0.0109 seconds hbase(main):006:0> put 'tblStudent','stu002','Info:name','Jack' Took 0.0040 seconds hbase(main):007:0> put 'tblStudent','stu002','Info:age','23' Took 0.0045 seconds hbase(main):008:0> put 'tblStudent','stu002','Grade:english','78' Took 0.0040 seconds hbase(main):009:0> put 'tblStudent','stu002','Grade:math','60' Took 0.0036 seconds hbase(main):010:0> scan 'tblStudent' ROW COLUMN+CELL stu001 column=Grade:chinese, timestamp=1531751218073, value=88 stu001 column=Grade:math, timestamp=1531751223451, value=90 stu001 column=Info:age, timestamp=1531751211186, value=25 stu001 column=Info:name, timestamp=1531751200256, value=Tom stu002 column=Grade:english, timestamp=1531751241605, value=78 stu002 column=Grade:math, timestamp=1531751253012, value=60 stu002 column=Info:age, timestamp=1531751236220, value=23 stu002 column=Info:name, timestamp=1531751229668, value=Jack 2 row(s) Took 0.0266 seconds hbase(main):011:0> quit

使用quit命令退出HBase命令行环境。

查看HDFS上/hbase目录下生成的数据：

[root@bigdata ~]# hdfs dfs -ls /hbase Found 12 items drwxr-xr-x - root supergroup 0 2018-07-16 22:18 /hbase/.hbck drwxr-xr-x - root supergroup 0 2018-07-16 22:18 /hbase/.tmp drwxr-xr-x - root supergroup 0 2018-07-16 22:18 /hbase/MasterProcWALs drwxr-xr-x - root supergroup 0 2018-07-16 22:18 /hbase/WALs drwxr-xr-x - root supergroup 0 2018-07-16 22:18 /hbase/archive drwxr-xr-x - root supergroup 0 2018-07-16 22:18 /hbase/corrupt drwxr-xr-x - root supergroup 0 2018-07-16 22:18 /hbase/data -rw-r--r-- 1 root supergroup 42 2018-07-16 22:18 /hbase/hbase.id -rw-r--r-- 1 root supergroup 7 2018-07-16 22:18 /hbase/hbase.version drwxr-xr-x - root supergroup 0 2018-07-16 22:18 /hbase/mobdir drwxr-xr-x - root supergroup 0 2018-07-16 22:18 /hbase/oldWALs drwx--x--x - root supergroup 0 2018-07-16 22:18 /hbase/staging

[root@bigdata ~]# hdfs dfs -ls /hbase/data/default/tblStudent Found 3 items drwxr-xr-x - root supergroup 0 2018-07-16 22:26 /hbase/data/default/tblStudent/.tabledesc drwxr-xr-x - root supergroup 0 2018-07-16 22:26 /hbase/data/default/tblStudent/.tmp drwxr-xr-x - root supergroup 0 2018-07-16 22:26 >/hbase/data/default/tblStudent/9a25032683426dbe07e9f17782e6c1e5 [root@bigdata ~]# /root/trainings/hadoop-2.7.3/bin/hdfs dfs -ls >/hbase/data/default/tblStudent/9a25032683426dbe07e9f17782e6c1e5 Found 4 items -rw-r--r-- 1 root supergroup 45 2018-07-16 22:26 >/hbase/data/default/tblStudent/9a25032683426dbe07e9f17782e6c1e5/.regioninfo drwxr-xr-x - root supergroup 0 2018-07-16 22:26 >/hbase/data/default/tblStudent/9a25032683426dbe07e9f17782e6c1e5/Grade drwxr-xr-x - root supergroup 0 2018-07-16 22:26 >/hbase/data/default/tblStudent/9a25032683426dbe07e9f17782e6c1e5/Info drwxr-xr-x - root supergroup 0 2018-07-16 22:26 >/hbase/data/default/tblStudent/9a25032683426dbe07e9f17782e6c1e5/recovered.edits

[root@bigdata ~]# stop-hbase.sh stopping hbase.......... bigdata: running zookeeper, logging to /root/trainings/hbase-2.0.1/bin/../logs/hbase-root-zookeeper->bigdata.out bigdata: no zookeeper to stop because no pid file /tmp/hbase-root-zookeeper.pid [root@bigdata ~]# jps 4366 Jps

本节介绍了HBase伪分布模式的环境搭建过程！祝你玩得愉快！