Linux配置iso系统盘为本地yum源

1、目的

安装软件时，经常会遇到包或类库的依赖性问题，为此，我们可以通过yum命令安装软件，尽量避免出现繁琐的软件依赖关系。

2、操作步骤

以CentOS-6.0-x86_64-bin-DVD1.iso为例

步骤1.挂载光盘

# mount /dev/cdrom /mnt

步骤2.配置.repo文件

# cd /etc/yum.repos.d/

# ls

CentOS-Base.repo  CentOS-Debuginfo.repo  CentOS-Media.repo

#新建local.repo文件，或者也可以对自带的.repo文件进行编辑

# vi local.repo

#输入以下内容后保存

[centos]  #库名称，可以自取

name=centos  #自定义名称，可以自取

baseurl=file:///mnt #本地光盘的挂载点

gpgcheck=0 #检查GPG-KEY,0：不检查 1：检查

enabled=1  #启用yum源，0：不启用 1：启用

注意：

如果设置gpgcheck=1,则必须配置gpgkey,形如以下

#gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-6

步骤3.清除yum缓存

[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# yum clean all

Loaded plugins: fastestmirror

Cleaning up Everything

步骤4.更新yum源

[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# yum update

Loaded plugins: fastestmirror

Determining fastest mirrors

Could not retrieve mirrorlist http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=6&arch=x86_64&repo=os error was

14: PYCURL ERROR 6 - ""

Error: Cannot find a valid baseurl for repo: base

#说明：

此处出错了，错误原因是自带yum源中包含了错误中的url连接，而url需要访问网络，当无法访问时就出现错误了，解决方法：把自带repo都移到bak目录，仅用自己创建的yum源

# mkdir bak

# ls

bak  CentOS-Base.repo  CentOS-Debuginfo.repo  CentOS-Media.repo  local.repo

# mv CentOS*.* bak

然后重复步骤3&4

# yum clean all

# yum update

到此，已经配置好本地yum源了

步骤5.其它操作

#查找单个软件包，比如查找名称中包含gcc的软件包

#安装软件包,比如gcc

[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# yum install gcc

Loaded plugins: fastestmirror

Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile

Setting up Install Process

Resolving Dependencies

...

--> Running transaction check

---> Package kernel-headers.x86_64 0:2.6.32-71.el6 set to be updated

--> Finished Dependency Resolution

Dependencies Resolved

=========================================================================== Package                           Arch                      Version                              Repository                 Size

===========================================================================

Installing:

 gcc                               x86_64                    4.4.4-13.el6                         centos                     10 M

Installing for dependencies:

 cloog-ppl                         x86_64                    0.15.7-1.2.el6                       centos                     93 k

...

Transaction Summary

===========================================================================

Install       9 Package(s)

Upgrade       0 Package(s)

Total download size: 18 M

Installed size: 38 M

#此处输入Y，回车，下载安装

Is this ok [y/N]: y

Downloading Packages:

---------------------------------------------------------------------------

Total                                                                                              43 MB/s |  18 MB     00:00    

Running rpm_check_debug

Running Transaction Test

Transaction Test Succeeded

Running Transaction

  Installing     : ppl-0.10.2-11.el6.x86_64                                                                                   1/9

  Installing     : cloog-ppl-0.15.7-1.2.el6.x86_64                                                                            2/9

  Installing     : mpfr-2.4.1-6.el6.x86_64                                                                                    3/9

  Installing     : cpp-4.4.4-13.el6.x86_64                                                                                    4/9

...

Complete!

#查找软件组包，比如查找X桌面系统包

# yum grouplist | grep X

   Legacy X Window System compatibility

   X Window System

   Legacy UNIX compatibility

   TeX support

   Xhosa Support

#安装组包

# yum groupinstall "X Window System"

...

注意：组包包名含空格时，整个包名必须用双引号

好了，下次使用时，只需要再次加载关盘就可直接使用yum命令，无需再配置yum源