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The Toll-Spätzle pathway is a crucial defense mechanism in insect innate immunity, it plays an important role in fighting against pathogens through the regulation of antimicrobial peptide gene expression. Although Toll and Spätzle (Spz) genes have been identified in Bombyx mori, little is known regarding the specific Spz and Toll genes members involved in innate immunity. There is also limited direct evidence of the interaction between Spz and Toll. In this study, the dual-luciferase reporter assay results showed that BmToll11 and BmToll9–1 could activate both drosomycin and diptericin promoters in S2 cells. Furthermore, BmToll11, BmToll9–1, and five BmSpzs genes were found to be significantly upregulated in B. mori infected by Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. Additionally, the yeast two-hybrid assay results confirmed that BmSpz2, but not other BmSpzs, could interact with both BmToll11 and BmToll9–1. These findings suggest that the activated BmSpz2 can bind with BmToll11 and BmToll9–1 to induce the expression of AMPs after the silkworm is infected by pathogens.
中文翻译：
Toll-Spätzle途径是昆虫固有免疫力的关键防御机制，它通过调节抗菌肽基因的表达在对抗病原体中发挥重要作用。尽管在家蚕中已经鉴定出Toll和Spätzle（Spz）基因，但对于涉及先天免疫的特定Spz和Toll基因成员知之甚少。Spz和Toll之间相互作用的直接证据也很少。在这项研究中，双荧光素酶报告基因检测结果显示，BmToll11和BmToll9-1可以同时激活drosomycin和diptericin S2细胞中启动子。此外，发现BmToll11，BmToll9-1和5个BmSpzs基因在被大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌感染的家蚕中显着上调。此外，酵母双杂交检测结果证实BmSpz2可以与BmToll11和BmToll9-1相互作用，但不能与其他BmSpzs相互作用。这些发现表明，激活的BmSpz2可以与BmToll11和BmToll9-1结合，从而在蚕被病原体感染后诱导AMP的表达。 |
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