[1]Chen Anze. On the geomorphological classification of sandy conglomerate, and the position and effect in turism[J].Guide of Land Resource, 2004, 1(1): 11-16.[陈安泽. 论砂(砾)岩地貌类型划分及其在旅游业中的地位和作用[J]. 国土资源导刊, 2004, 1 (1): 11-16.] [2]Meng Yichen, Su Jianping. Geological tourism resources and their classifications in Gansu province[J]. Journal of Lanzhou Jiaotong University(Natural Sciences),2004, 23(4): 21-24.[孟易辰, 苏建平.甘肃省旅游地质资源及其分类[J].兰州交通大学学报:自然科学版, 2004, 23 (4): 21-24.] [3]Young R W, Wray R A L, Young A R M. Sandstone Landforms[M]. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2009. [4]Cao Jun, Yang Geng. Evaluation of tourist resources in the Lop Nur, Xinjiang[J].Acta Geologica Sichuan, 2009,29 (S2): 235-241.[曹俊, 杨更. 新疆罗布泊旅游资源特征[J]. 四川地质学报, 2009, 29 (S2): 235-241.] [5]Jiang Hongzhong.Study on ecological and geological values of yardangs, Xinjiang Devils city as a case[J]. Xinjiang Nonferrous Metals,2004(S1) : 9-10.[姜红忠. 雅丹地貌生态地质旅游价值探讨——以新疆哈密魔鬼城为例\[J\]. 新疆有色金属,2004,(S1): 9-10.] [6]Lin Ying. The master plan for Yadan National Geological Park in Dunhuang, Gansu province[J].Chinese Garden, 2005, 21(2): 75-78.[林鹰. 甘肃敦煌雅丹国家地质公园总体规划[J]. 中国园林, 2005, 21(2): 75-78.] [7]Zhao Xingyou, Hu Ruji. Tourism value of winderosion landform in Hami Basin[J].Arid Land Geography,2002, 25(3): 282-285.[赵兴有, 胡汝骥. 哈密盆地风蚀地貌及其旅游价值[J].干旱区地理, 2002, 25(3): 282-285.] [8]Zheng Benxing,Zhang Linyuan, Hu Xiaohong. Distrbution and charateristics of yardang landform and its formation period, west to Yumenguan, Gansu[J].Journal of Desert Research,2002, 22(1): 40-46.[郑本兴, 张林源, 胡孝宏.玉门关西雅丹地貌的分布和特征及形成时代问题[J]. 中国沙漠, 2002, 22(1): 40-46.] [9]Stapff F M. Karte des unteren Khuisebtals[J].Petermanns Geographische Mitteilungen,1887, 33: 202-214. [10]Walther J.Die Denudation in der Wuste und ihre geologische Bedeutung[J].Abhandlungen Sachsische Gesellschaft Wissenshaft, 1891, 16: 345-570. [11]Hedin S.Central Asia and Tibet[M]. New York: Scribners, 1903. [12]Ward A W,Greeley R. Evolution of the yardangs at Rogers Lake, California[J].Geological Society of America Bulletin,1984, 95(7): 829-837. [13]El-Baz F, Breed C S, Grolier M J,et al. Eolian features in the Western Desert of Egypt and some applications to Mars[J].Journal of Geophysical Research,1979, 84(B14): 8 205-8 221. [14]Greeley R, Bender K, Thomas P E, et al. Windrelated features and processes on Venus: Summary of magellan results[J].Icarus,1995, 115(2): 399-420. [15]Grolier M J, McCauley J F, Breed C S, et al. Yardangs of the Western Desert[J].Geographical Journal, 1980, 146(Mar.): 86-87. [16]Mainguet M.Le BourkouAspects dun modele eolien[J].Annales de Geographie,1968, 77：58-66. [17]McCauley J F, Grolier M J, Breed C S. Yardangs[C]∥Doehring D O, ed. Geomorphology in Arid Regions. New York: State University of New York, 1977: 233-269. [18]McCauley J F, Grolier M J, Breed C S. Yardangs of Peru and other Desert Regions[M]. USGS Interagency Report: Astrogeology,1977. [19]Trego K D. Yardang identification in magellan imagery of Venus[J].Earth Moon and Planets,1992, 58(3): 289-290. [20]Ward A W. Yardangs on MarsEvidence of recent wind erosion[J].Journal of Geophysical Research,1979, 84(B14): 8 147-8 166. [21]Morrison A, Chown M C. Photographs of the Western Sahara from the Mercury Ma-4 satellite[J]. Photogrammetric Engineering, 1965, 31: 350-362. [22]Halimov M, Fezer F. 8 yardangs types in centralAsia[J].Zeitschrift Fur Geomorphologie,1989, 33(2): 205-217. [23]Goudie A S.Wind erosional landforms: Yardangs and pans[C]∥Goudie A S, Livingstone I, Stokes S, eds. Aeolian Environments, Sediments and Landforms. Chichester: Wiley,1999. [24]Brookes I A. Aeolian erosional lineations in the Libyan Desert, Dakhla region, Egypt[J].Geomorphology, 2001, 39(3/4): 189-209. [25]Laity J. Deserts and Desert Environments[M].Chichester: WileyBlackwell, 2008. [26]Al-Dousari A M, Al-Elaj M, Al-Enezi E,et al. Origin and characteristics of yardangs in the Um AlRimam depressions (N Kuwait)[J].Geomorphology,2009, 104(3/4): 93-104. [27]Goudie A S. Megayardangs: A global analysis[J].Geography Compass,2007, 1 (1): 65-81. [28]GutiérrezElorza M, Desir G, GutiérrezSantolalla F. Yardangs in the semiarid central sector of the Ebro Depression (NE Spain)[J].Geomorphology,2002, 44(1/2): 155-170. [29]Ritley K, Odontuya E. Yardangs and dome dunes northeast of Tavan Har, Gobi, Mongolia[J].GSA Abstracts with Programs,2004, 36(4): 33-36. [30]Bailey J E, Self S, Wooller L K, et al. Discrimination of fluvial and eolian features on large ignimbrite sheets around La Pacana Caldera, Chile, using Landsat and SRTMderived DEM[J]. Remote Sensing of Environment,2007, 108(1): 24-41. [31]Bridges N T, Banks M E, Beyer R A,et al. Aeolian bedforms, yardangs, and indurated surfaces in the Tharsis Montes as seen by the HiRISE Camera: Evidence for dust aggregates[J]. Icarus,2010, 205(1): 165-182. [32]Bridges N T, Geissler P E, McEwen A S,et al. Windy Mars: A dynamic planet as seen by the HiRISE camera[J].Geophysical Research Letters,2007, 34(23): L23205. [33]Carter L M, Campbell B A, Watters T R, et al. Shallow radar (SHARAD) sounding observations of the Medusae Fossae Formation, Mars[J].Icarus,2009, 199(2): 295-302 [34]de Silva S L, Bailey J E, Mandt K E,et al. Yardangs in terrestrial ignimbrites: Synergistic remote and field observations on Earth with applications to Mars[J].Planetary and Space Science, 2010, 58(4): 459-471. [35]Edgett K S, Malin M C. New views of Mars eolian activity, materials, and surface properties: Three vignettes from the Mars Global Surveyor Mars Orbiter Camera[J].Journal of Geophysical ResearchPlanets, 2000, 105(E1): 1 623-1 650. [36]Ehsani A H, Quiel F. Application of self organizing map and SRTM data to characterize yardangs in the Lut  Desert, Iran[J].Remote Sensing of Environment,2008, 112(7): 3 284-3 294. [37]Ekhtesasi M, Sepehr A. Investigation of wind erosion process for estimation, prevention, and control of DSS in Yazd Ardakan Plain[J].Environmental Monitoring and Assessment,2009, 159(1): 267-280. [38]Harrison S K, Balme M R, Hagermann A, et al. Mapping Medusae Fossae Formation materials in the southern highlands of Mars[J].Icarus,2010,209(2):405-415. [39]Howard A D. The role of eolian processes in forming surface features of the Martian polar layered deposits[J].Icarus,2000, 144(2): 267-288. [40]Inbar M, Risso C. Holocene yardangs in volcanic terrains in the southern Andes, Argentina[J].Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, 2001, 26(6): 657-666. [41]Mandt K, de Silva S, Zimbelman J, et al. Distinct erosional progressions in the Medusae Fossae Formation, Mars, indicate contrasting environmental conditions[J].Icarus, 2009, 204(2): 471-477. [42]Mandt K E, de Silva S L, Zimbelman J R, et al. Origin of the Medusae Fossae Formation, Mars: Insights from a synoptic approach[J].Journal of Geophysical ResearchPlanets,2008, 113(E12): 1-15. [43]Vincent P, Kattan F. Yardangs on the CambroOrdovician saq sandstones, NorthWest Saudi Arabia[J]. Zeitschrift Fur Geomorphologie,2006, 50(3): 305-320. [44]Watters T R, Campbell B, Carter L,et al. Radar Sounding of the Medusae Fossae Formation Mars: Equatorial ice or dry, lowdensity deposits? [J]. Science,2007, 318: 1 125-1 128. [45]Zimbelman J R, Griffin L J. HiRISE images of yardangs and sinuous ridges in the lower member of the Medusae Fossae Formation, Mars[J].Icarus,2010, 205(1): 198-210. [46]Chen Zongqi. Lop Nur and Lop Desert[J]. Acta Geographic Sinica,1936, 3(1): 19-49.[陈宗器. 罗布淖尔与罗布荒原[J]. 地理学报, 1936, 3(1): 19-49.] [47]Huang Wenbi. Lop Nur Archaeology[M]. Beijing: Peking University Press,1948.[黄文弼. 罗布淖尔考古记[M]. 北京: 北京大学出版社, 1948.] [48]The Lop Nor Comprehensive Scientific Expedition Team, Xinjiang Branch of CAS. The Mysterious Lop Lake[M]. Beijing: Sciences Press, 1985. [中国科学院新疆分院罗布泊综合科学考察队. 神秘的罗布泊[M]. 北京: 科学出版社, 1985.] [49]The Lop Nor Comprehensive Scientific Expedition Team, Xinjiang Branch of CAS. Scientific Investigation and Study of Lop Nor Region[M].Beijing: Sciences Press, 1987. [中国科学院新疆分院罗布泊综合科学考察队. 罗布泊科学考察与研究[M]. 北京: 科学出版社, 1987.] [50]Dong Zhibao, Qu Jianjun. Instruction for Geomorphic Map of the Kumtagh Desert[M]. Beijing: Science Press, 2009.[董治宝, 屈建军. 库姆塔格沙漠地貌图说明书[M]. 北京: 科学出版社, 2009.] [51]Li Zhizhong, Zhou Yong, Luo Ruoyu. Recent advances in aeolian geomorphology[J]. Arid Zones Research, 1999, 16(2): 61-66.[李志忠, 周勇, 罗若愚. 风沙地貌研究的若干新进展[J]. 干旱区研究, 1999, 16(2): 61-66.] [52]Qu Jianjun, Zheng Benxing, Yu Qihao, et al. The yardang landform of Aqik Valley in the east of LopNor and its relationship with the evolution of the Kumtagh Desert[J]. Journal of Desert Research,2004, 24(3): 294-300.[屈建军, 郑本兴, 俞祁浩, 等. 罗布泊东阿奇克谷地雅丹地貌与库姆塔格沙漠形成的关系[J]. 中国沙漠, 24(3): 294-300.] [53]Wang Shuai, Ha Si. Advances in the study of geomorphology and process of wind erosion landforms[J]. Journal of Earth Sciences and Environment, 2009, 31(1): 100-105.[王帅, 哈斯. 风蚀地貌形态与过程研究进展[J]. 地球科学与环境学报, 2009, 31(1): 100-105.] [54]Yang Geng. On distribution of the yardang in Xinjiang[J].Acta Geologica Sichuan,2009, 29(S2): 286-290.[杨更. 新疆雅丹地貌分布特征浅析[J]. 四川地质学报, 2009, 29(S2): 286-290.] [55]Ban Gu, Yan Shigu. Han Shu[M]. Beijing: Zhong Hua Press, 2000.[班固, 颜师古. 汉书[M]. 北京: 中华书局出版社,2000.] [56]Masibroda V Y. The aeolian relief of the Turfan Depression and the western BeiShan as a reflection of local atmosperic circulation[J].Izvestia Akad Nauk Serya Geograf,1952,(2): 25-35. [57]Gabriel A. The southern Lut and Iranian Baluchistan[J].Geographical Journal,1938, 92: 193-210. [58]Bagnold R A. An expedition to the Gilf Kebir and Uweinat, 1938[J].Geographical Journal,1939, 93: 281-313 [59]Blackwelder E. Yardangs[J].Geological Society of America Bulletin,1934, 45(1): 159-166. [60]Cooke R U,Warren A, Andrew S G. Desert Geomorphology[M]. London: UCL Press, 1993. [61]Goudie A S, Stockes S, Cook J, et al. Yardang landforms from Kharga Oasis,south western Egypt[J].Zeitschrift Fur Geomorphologie,1999, 116(S1): 97-112. [62]Laity J. Landforms of aeolian erosion[C]∥Abrahams A D, Parsons A J, eds. Geomorphology of Desert Environments. London: Chapman & Hall, 1994. [63]Breed C S, McCauley J F, Whitney M I, et al. Wind erosion in drylands[C]∥Thomas D S G, ed. Arid Zone Geomorphology: Process, form and Change in Drylands. Chichester: John Wiley, 1997: 453-460. [64]Xia Xuncheng. The cause of yardangs landform in Lop Nor region[C]∥The Lop Nor Comprehensive Scientific Expedition Team, Xinjiang Branch of CAS, ed. Scientific Investigation and Study of Lop Nor Region. Beijing: Sciences Press, 1987: 52-59.[夏训诚. 罗布泊地区雅丹地貌的成因[C]∥中国科学院新疆分院罗布泊综合科学考察队. 罗布泊科学考察与研究. 北京: 科学出版社,1987: 52-59.] [65]Wu Zheng. Geomorphology of Winddrift Sands and Their Controlled Engineering[M]. Beijing: Sciences Press, 2003: 111-117.[吴正. 风沙地貌与治沙工程[M]. 北京: 科学出版社, 2003: 111-117.] [66]Huang Keguang, Tang Lezhong. The yardangs in Anxi county[J].Journal of Northwest Normal University(Natural Sciences),1986, 22(3): 43-47.[黄可光, 汤乐中. 安西县雅丹地貌初探[J].西北师范大学学报:自然科学版,1986, 22(3): 43-47.] [67]Fan Xipeng. Geomorphology of northwestern Qaidam Basin near Lenghu[J].Acta Geographic Sinica,1962, 28(4): 275-289.[范锡朋. 柴达木盆地西北部冷湖地区地貌概论[J]. 地理学报, 1962, 28(4): 275-289.] [68]Lin Rugeng.Preliminary study on farmland desertification in Houshan area, Wulanchabu, Inner Mongolia[J].Journal of Inner Mongolia Normal University(Natural Science Edition),1977,6(1): 77-89.[林儒耕. 内蒙古乌盟后山地区农田沙化现象的初步研究[J]. 内蒙古师范学院学报:自然科学版, 1977,6(1): 77-89.] [69]Dong Zhibao, Chen Guangting. A prelimenary insight into the wind erosion problem in Houshan area of Inner Mongolia[J].Journal of Soil Erosion and Soil and Water Conservation,1997,3(2): 84-90.[董治宝, 陈广庭. 内蒙古后山地区土壤风蚀问题初论[J].土壤侵蚀与水土保持学报,1997, 3(2): 84-90.] [70]Wu Zheng, Wang Wei. Finding and its significance of “old red sand” strata with multiple depositional stages on the coasts of Fujian and Guangdong[J].Journal of Desert Research,2001, 21(4): 328-322.[吴正, 王为. 闽粤沿海老红砂多期沉积地层的发现及其意义[J].中国沙漠, 2001, 21(4): 328-322.] [71]Goudie A S. Arid geomorphology[J].Progress in Physical Geography,1979, 3: 421-426. [72]Rosner U. Aolische sedimente und formen als indikatoren der spatpleistozanen bis aktuellen landschaftentwicklung beispiele aus den trochengebiete syriens[J].Zeitschrift Fur Geomorphologie,1998,111(S1): 33-50. [73]Doornkamp J C, Brunsden D, Jones D K C. Geology, Geomorphology and Pedology of Bahrain[M]. Norwich: Geo Abstracts, 1980. [74]Goudie A S. Wind erosion in deserts[J].Proceedings of the Geologists′ Association,1989, 100(1): 83-92. [75]Riser J. Le role du vent au cours des derniers millenaires dans le basin Saharien D′Araouane (Mali)[J]. Bulletin de l′Association de Géographes Francais,1985, 62: 311-317. [76]Hassan F A, Barich B, Mahmoud M,et al. Holocene playa deposits of Farafra Oasis, Egypt, and their palaeoclimatic and geoarchaeological significance[J].Geoarchaeology,2001, 16(1): 29-46. [77]Embabi N S. The Nile Valley and the Western Desert[M]. Cairo: The Egyptian Geographical Society, 2004. [78]Breed C S, McCauley J F, Whitney M I. Wind erosion forms[C]∥Thomas D S G, ed. Arid Zone Geomorphology. London: Belhaven Press, 1989: 284-307. [79]Krenkel E. Geologie Afrikas[M].Berlin: Reimer, 1928. [80]Corbett I. The modern and ancient pattern of sandflow through the southern Namib deflation basin[C]∥Pye K, Lancaster N, eds. Aeolian Sediments: Ancient and Modern. London: Blackwell, 1993: 45-60. [81]Mainguet M. Le modél des grés: Problémes Généreaux[M]. Paris: Institut Géographique National, 1972. [82]Baker C L. Yardangs in South Dakota badlands[J].Bulletin Geological Society of America,1951,62: 1 532 [83]Clarke M L, Wintle A G, Lancaster N. Infrared stimulated luminescence dating of sands from the Cronese basins, Mojave Desert[J].Geomorphology,1996, 17(1/3): 199-205. [84]McCauley J F. Mariner 9 evidence for wind erosion in the equatorial and midlatitude regions of Mars[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research,1973, 78: 4 123-4 137. [85]Bosworth T O. Geology of the Tertiary and Quaternary Periods in the Northwest Part of Peru[M]. London: MacMillan, 1922. [86]Brookes I A. Geomorphic indicators of holocene winds in Egypt′s Western Desert[J]. Geomorphology, 2003, 56(1/2): 155-166. [87]Fox R W, McDonald A T. Intrdution of Fluid Mechanics[M].New York: Wiley,1973. [88]Hagedorn H. Untersuchungen uber Relieftypen arider Raume an Beispielen aus dem TibestiGebirge und seiner Umgebung[J].Zeitschrift Fur Geomorphologie,1971, 11(S1): 1-271. [89]Peel R F. Landscape sculpture by wind[C]∥21st International Geographical Congress, India, Papers I,1968: 99-104. [90]Hagedorn H. Uber aolische abtragung und formung in der sudestSahara[J].Erdkunde,1968, 22: 257-269. [91]Mainguet M. Un etonnant paysage: Les cannelures greseuse du Bembeche(nord du Tchad): Essai dexplication geomorphologique[J].Annales de Geographie,1970,79: 58-66. [92]Hobbs W H. The erosional and degradational processes of deserts, with especial reference to the origin od desert depressions[J].Annals of Association of Amerian Geographers,1917, 7: 25-60. [93]Whitney M I. Yardangs[J].Journal of Geological Education,1985, 33(2): 93-96. [94]Bohlin B. Notes on the hydrography of Western Kansu[C]∥Reports from the Scientific Expedition to the NorthWestern Provinces of China under the Leadership of Dr Sven Hedin, III Geology. Stockholm: Tryckeri Aktiebolaget Thule, 1940: 54. [95]Hoerner H G. The mesa sediments[M]∥Wennerholm E, Horin E,eds. Central Asia Atlas III: The KansuHoshi Corridor and the SulohoOchinaho Drainage Regions. Stockholm: Tryckeri Aktiebolaget Thule,1980: 114. [96]Beadnell H J L. Lake basins created by wind erosion[J].Journal of Geoloy,1909,3: 47-49. [97]Haynes C V. Geochronology and climate change of the Pleistocene Holocene transition in the Darb el Arba′in Desert, Eastern Sahara[J].Geoarchaeology,2001, 16(1): 119-141. [98]Washington R, Todd M C, Lizcano G,et al. Links between topography, wind, deflation, lakes and dust: The case of the Bodele Depression, Chad[J].Geophysical Research Letters, 2006, 33(9): L09401. [99]Goudie A S. Great Warm Deserts of the WorldLandscapes and Evolution[M]. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2002. [100]Brookes I A.Palaeofluvial estimates from exhumed meander scrolls,Taref Formation (Turonian),Dakhla Region,Western Desert,Egypt[J].Cretaceous Research,2003,24(2):97-104.