细胞外杂多糖黄原胶由黄单胞菌属细菌合成，广泛用作食品、化妆品和制药领域的增稠剂和稳定剂。目前，为了扩大其应用范围，黄原胶的目标是开发创新的功能材料和产品，例如可食用薄膜、环保油表面活性剂和用于组织工程的生物相容性复合材料。黄原胶衍生的寡糖可用作营养补充剂和植物防御诱导剂。此类新功能材料和产品的开发和加工通常需要通过有针对性的结构改性来调整黄原胶的性能。这项任务可以在黄原胶特异性酶的帮助下有效地完成。然而，黄原胶复杂的分子结构和错综复杂的构象行为为其酶水解或修饰带来了问题。本综述总结并分析了有关源自微生物和微生物群落的黄原胶降解酶的数据，特别关注酶活性对黄原胶结构和构象的依赖性。通过对不同细菌类别中发现的黄原胶降解途径的比较研究，已经确定了利用黄原胶的不同微生物酶系统。这些新酶的表征为修饰黄原胶结构和开发基于黄原胶的创新应用开辟了新的视角。

• 黄原胶的结构和构象影响酶促降解。

• 微生物使用多种多酶系统来降解黄原胶。

• 黄原胶特异性酶可用于开发新应用的黄原胶变体。

"点击查看英文标题和摘要"

Abstract

The extracellular heteropolysaccharide xanthan, synthesized by bacteria of the genus Xanthomonas, is widely used as a thickening and stabilizing agent across the food, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical sectors. Expanding the scope of its application, current efforts target the use of xanthan to develop innovative functional materials and products, such as edible films, eco-friendly oil surfactants, and biocompatible composites for tissue engineering. Xanthan-derived oligosaccharides are useful as nutritional supplements and plant defense elicitors. Development and processing of such new functional materials and products often necessitate tuning of xanthan properties through targeted structural modification. This task can be effectively carried out with the help of xanthan-specific enzymes. However, the complex molecular structure and intricate conformational behavior of xanthan create problems with its enzymatic hydrolysis or modification. This review summarizes and analyzes data concerning xanthan-degrading enzymes originating from microorganisms and microbial consortia, with a particular focus on the dependence of enzymatic activity on the structure and conformation of xanthan. Through a comparative study of xanthan-degrading pathways found within various bacterial classes, different microbial enzyme systems for xanthan utilization have been identified. The characterization of these new enzymes opens new perspectives for modifying xanthan structure and developing innovative xanthan-based applications.

• The structure and conformation of xanthan affect enzymatic degradation.

• Microorganisms use diverse multienzyme systems for xanthan degradation.

• Xanthan-specific enzymes can be used to develop xanthan variants for novel applications.