定语从句 |
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定语从句知识点包括定语从句的关系词、限制性和非限制性定语从句、as/which 引导非限制性定语从句时的区别等部分,有关定语从句的详情如下: 定语从句的关系词1.关系代词的用法
Is he the man who/that wants to see you? 他就是想见你的那个人吗? I know a boy whose father is an acrobat. 我认识一个男孩,他父亲是杂技演员。 Can you show me the photo which/that was taken in the West Lake? 你能让我看看那张在西湖拍的照片吗? 2.关系副词的用法 (1)when 引导定语从句的用法。当先行词是表示时间的名词(如time, day, year, month, week等),且关系词在从句中作时间状语时,定语从句用when 引导。when 可以用“介词+which”替换。如: I still remember the time when I was in college. 我仍然记得我上大学的那段时光。 I have forgotten the exact date when(=on which)this country became independent. 我忘记这个国家独立的确切日期了。 (2)where 引导定语从句的用法。当先行词是表示具体地点的名词(如place, room, mountain, airport等)或抽象地点的名词(如case, state, condition, point, situation等),且关系词在从句中作地点状语时,定语从句用where 引导。where 可以用“介词+which”替换。如: This is the hotel where (=in which) they stayed. 这就是他们住的旅馆。 We have reached a point where a change is needed. 我们到了必须改一改的地步。 (3)why 引导定语从句的用法。当先行词是表示原因的名词reason,且引导词在从句中作原因状语时,定语从句用why 引导。why 可以用for which 替换,why 只能引导限制性定语从句。如: This is the reason why (=for which) he left hurriedly. 这就是他匆匆离去的原因。
用关系代词还是关系副词完全取决于关系词在从句中所作的成分,若关系词在从句中作状语,则用关系副词,否则用关系代词。如: I'll never forget the days when I worked together with you. 我永远不会忘记和你一起工作的日子。 I'll never forget the days that/which I spent in the countryside. 我永远不会忘记在乡下度过的日子。 3.关系代词用that 不用which的情况 (1)当先行词是all, everything, anything, nothing, much, few, little, none 等不定代词时。如: I told him all that I know. 我把我所知道的都告诉了他。 Is there anything that I can do for you? 我有什么可以为你做的吗? (2)当先行词为序数词或被序数词,the only, the very, the last, the next, 形容词的最高级等修饰时。如: The second place (that) I want to visit is Shanghai. 我第二个想参观的地方是上海。 My necklace is not the only thing that is missing. 我丢掉的不仅是我的项链。 This is the very man that I want to see. 这正是我想见的那个人。 (3)当先行词中既有人又有物时。如: The writer and his novels that you have just talked about are really well known. 你刚才谈起的那位作家以及他的小说确实很著名。 (4)当主句是以who, which 或 what 开头的特殊疑问句时。如: Who is the boy that helped you? 帮你忙的那个男孩儿是谁? 限制性和非限制性定语从句1.限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句概述 (1)限制性定语从句是先行词不可缺少的一部分,若去掉,主句的内容就不完整,意义也会发生改变。从句和主句的关系十分密切,两者之间不可用逗号隔开。如: She has found the necklace (that) she lost two weeks ago. 她找到了那条两周前丢失的项链。 (2)非限制性定语从句是先行词的一个补充说明。没有它,主句也能独立存在;非限制性定语从句和主句的关系并 不是很密切,它与主句常用逗号隔开。如: He has two sisters, who are working in the city. 他有两个姐姐,她们在城里工作。 2.限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别 区别 限制性定语从句 非限制性定语从句 存在形式 与主句之间不用逗号隔开 与主句之间一般用逗号隔开 功能 对先行词进行限定、修饰。如果去掉,剩余部分的意义便不完整、不明确 对先行词作附加说明,去掉后,句子剩余部分的意思仍然完整、明确 先行词 名词(词组) 名词(词组)或整个主句 引导词 所有的关系代词/副词 which, as 及关系副词 翻译 常译成前置定语 常译成并列分句 This is the house (which) we bought last month. 这是我们上个月买的那座房子。(限制性定语从句) The house, which we bought last month, is very nice. 这座房子很漂亮,它是我们上个月买的。(非限制性定语从句) as/which 引导非限制性定语从句时的区别1.as 引导非限制性定语从句时,先行词一般为整个主句;而which 引导非限制性定语从句时,先行词既可以是整个主句又可以是主句的一部分。试比较: She is always working hard, as everyone can see. 正如大家所看到的,她工作一直很努力。 The book, which I bought yesterday, is very instructive. 这本书很有教育意义,是我昨天买的。 2.as 引导的从句位置比较灵活,可位于先行词之前、之中和之后,而which 引导的从句仅能位于先行词之后。试比较: As everyone can see, she is honest. 她的诚实是大家有目共睹的。 She is honest, which everyone can see. 她的诚实是大家有目共睹的。 3.as 引导非限制性定语从句时常译为“正如”,而which 常译为“这,那”。如: As we all know, smoking is harmful to one's health. 众所周知,吸烟有害健康。 Tom suddenly fell ill,which made us very sad. 汤姆突然病倒了,这让我们很伤心。 |
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