定语从句

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定语从句

2024-07-08 16:49| 来源: 网络整理| 查看: 265

定语从句知识点包括定语从句的关系词、限制性和非限制性定语从句、as/which 引导非限制性定语从句时的区别等部分,有关定语从句的详情如下:

定语从句的关系词

1.关系代词的用法

 

Is he the man who/that wants to see you?

他就是想见你的那个人吗?

I know a boy whose father is an acrobat.

我认识一个男孩,他父亲是杂技演员。

Can you show me the photo which/that was taken in the West Lake?

你能让我看看那张在西湖拍的照片吗?

2.关系副词的用法

(1)when 引导定语从句的用法。当先行词是表示时间的名词(如time, day, year, month, week等),且关系词在从句中作时间状语时,定语从句用when 引导。when 可以用“介词+which”替换。如:

I still remember the time when I was in college.

我仍然记得我上大学的那段时光。

I have forgotten the exact date when(=on which)this country became independent.

我忘记这个国家独立的确切日期了。

(2)where 引导定语从句的用法。当先行词是表示具体地点的名词(如place, room, mountain, airport等)或抽象地点的名词(如case, state, condition, point, situation等),且关系词在从句中作地点状语时,定语从句用where 引导。where 可以用“介词+which”替换。如:

This is the hotel where (=in which) they stayed.

这就是他们住的旅馆。

We have reached a point where a change is needed.

我们到了必须改一改的地步。

(3)why 引导定语从句的用法。当先行词是表示原因的名词reason,且引导词在从句中作原因状语时,定语从句用why 引导。why 可以用for which 替换,why 只能引导限制性定语从句。如:

This is the reason why (=for which) he left hurriedly.

这就是他匆匆离去的原因。

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用关系代词还是关系副词完全取决于关系词在从句中所作的成分,若关系词在从句中作状语,则用关系副词,否则用关系代词。如:

I'll never forget the days when I worked together with you.

我永远不会忘记和你一起工作的日子。

I'll never forget the days that/which I spent in the countryside.

我永远不会忘记在乡下度过的日子。

3.关系代词用that 不用which的情况

(1)当先行词是all, everything, anything, nothing, much, few, little, none 等不定代词时。如:

I told him all that I know.

我把我所知道的都告诉了他。

Is there anything that I can do for you?

我有什么可以为你做的吗?

(2)当先行词为序数词或被序数词,the only, the very, the last, the next, 形容词的最高级等修饰时。如:

The second place (that) I want to visit is Shanghai.

我第二个想参观的地方是上海。

My necklace is not the only thing that is missing.

我丢掉的不仅是我的项链。

This is the very man that I want to see.

这正是我想见的那个人。

(3)当先行词中既有人又有物时。如:

The writer and his novels that you have just talked about are really well known.

你刚才谈起的那位作家以及他的小说确实很著名。

(4)当主句是以who, which 或 what 开头的特殊疑问句时。如:

Who is the boy that helped you?

帮你忙的那个男孩儿是谁?

限制性和非限制性定语从句

1.限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句概述

(1)限制性定语从句是先行词不可缺少的一部分,若去掉,主句的内容就不完整,意义也会发生改变。从句和主句的关系十分密切,两者之间不可用逗号隔开。如:

She has found the necklace (that) she lost two weeks ago.

她找到了那条两周前丢失的项链。

(2)非限制性定语从句是先行词的一个补充说明。没有它,主句也能独立存在;非限制性定语从句和主句的关系并

不是很密切,它与主句常用逗号隔开。如:

He has two sisters, who are working in the city.

他有两个姐姐,她们在城里工作。

2.限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别

区别

限制性定语从句

非限制性定语从句

存在形式

与主句之间不用逗号隔开

与主句之间一般用逗号隔开

功能

对先行词进行限定、修饰。如果去掉,剩余部分的意义便不完整、不明确

对先行词作附加说明,去掉后,句子剩余部分的意思仍然完整、明确

先行词

名词(词组)

名词(词组)或整个主句

引导词

所有的关系代词/副词

which, as 及关系副词

翻译

常译成前置定语

常译成并列分句

This is the house (which) we bought last month.

这是我们上个月买的那座房子。(限制性定语从句)

The house, which we bought last month, is very nice.

这座房子很漂亮,它是我们上个月买的。(非限制性定语从句)

as/which 引导非限制性定语从句时的区别

1.as 引导非限制性定语从句时,先行词一般为整个主句;而which 引导非限制性定语从句时,先行词既可以是整个主句又可以是主句的一部分。试比较:

She is always working hard, as everyone can see.

正如大家所看到的,她工作一直很努力。

The book, which I bought yesterday, is very instructive.

这本书很有教育意义,是我昨天买的。

2.as 引导的从句位置比较灵活,可位于先行词之前、之中和之后,而which 引导的从句仅能位于先行词之后。试比较:

As everyone can see, she is honest.

她的诚实是大家有目共睹的。

She is honest, which everyone can see.

她的诚实是大家有目共睹的。

3.as 引导非限制性定语从句时常译为“正如”,而which 常译为“这,那”。如:

As we all know, smoking is harmful to one's health.

众所周知,吸烟有害健康。

Tom suddenly fell ill,which made us very sad.

汤姆突然病倒了,这让我们很伤心。



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