Full Credit to (知识产权所有): AEROFLYFS Flight Simulator Wiki

Link (链接): https://www.aerofly.com/dokuwiki/doku.php/aircraft:boeing_747-400

翻译：Bilibili 冷库黄

校正：Bilibili 冷库黄

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Update: 

08/26/2020    经我个人测试MSFS里748并没有 VNAV Descent模式，也就是说飞机并不会按照飞行计划自动降低高度，VNAV PATH模式在TOD时并不会自动降低高度，手动旋转高度轮到final descent高度也不会进入这个模式。LNAV/VNAV进场这个功能也还没有实现。

The autopilot and flight director Mode Control Panel (MCP) in the Boeing 747 is located in the glare shield and is the human machine interface to the flight guidance system of this airliner.

The MCP of this Boeing aircraft can be be split into several regions:Auto Throttle, Speed, Heading, Vertical Speed, Altitude, Approach and Autopilot Masters

波音747的自动驾驶仪和飞行指挥器模式控制面板（MCP）位于防眩光罩中，是该飞机飞行指导系统的人机界面。

这架波音飞机的MCP可以分为几个区域：自动油门，速度，航向，垂直速度，高度，进近和自动驾驶大师

Overview of the buttons, switches and knobs:

F/D - Toggles visibility of Flight Director

Speed

A/T ARM - arms or disengages Auto Throttle

THR - Thrust Button reduces or increases thrust reference (THR REF)

SPD - Speed Button selects auto throttle speed (SPD)

IAS/MACH - Speed window that displays the selected airspeed, blanked if VNAV controls speed

SEL - Toggles between IAS and MACH display

Speed Knob - rotated to adjust selected speed, pushed for speed intervention

LNAV - Lateral NAVigation is engaged with this button

VNAV - Vertical NAVigation is engaged with this button

FLCH - Flight Level CHange button can be pressed to command a climb or descent towards selected altitude

Heading

HDG - Selected Heading window always showing the currently selected heading

HDG Knob - Changes the selected heading

SEL - Engages the selected heading mode (HDG SEL)

BANK LIMIT - Selector for the maximum bank angle for autopilot turns

HOLD - levels the aircraft and holds present heading (HDG HOLD)

Vertical Speed

VERT SPD - Selected vertical speed window. Blanked when active vertical mode is not vertical speed

Vertical Speed Wheel - used to nose down (increase sinkrate) or nose up (increase vertical speed)

VS - Engages Vertical Speed (VS) hold mode

Altitude

ALT - Selected altitude window

ALT knob - Rotated to increase or decrease selected altitude

HOLD - button to command an immediate level off and maintain present altitude (ALT HOLD)

Approach

LOC - Arms localizer capture only

APP - Arms localizer and glide slope capture or, if no ILS approach was programmed, arms LNAV and VNAV approach.

Autopilot Masters

A/P ENGAGE: L CMD, C CMD, R CMD engage the left, center and right autopilot command (CMD).

DISENGAGE - Disconnects all three autopilots

按钮，开关和旋钮的概述：

F / D-切换Flight Director的可见性

速度

A / T ARM-武装或脱离自动油门

THR-推力按钮减少或增加推力参考值（THR REF）

SPD-速度按钮选择自动油门速度（SPD）

IAS / MACH-显示选定空速的“速度”窗口，如果VNAV控制速度，则为空白

SEL - IAS和MACH显示之间切换

速度旋钮 -旋转以调整选定的速度，按下以进行速度干预

LNAV-此按钮启用了横向导航

VNAV -垂直导航与此按钮从事

FLCH-可以按下“ Flight Level CHange”按钮来命令向选定的高度爬升或下降

标题

HDG-“选定标题”窗口始终显示当前选定的标题

HDG旋钮 -更改选定的标题

SEL -接合选定的标题模式（HDG SEL）

BANK LIMIT-自动舵转弯的最大倾斜角度选择器

保持 -调平飞机并保持当前航向（HDG保持）

垂直速度

VERT SPD-选定的垂直速度窗口。当活动垂直模式不是垂直速度时为空白

垂直速度轮 -用于向下垂（增加下沉速度）或向上垂（增加垂直速度）

VS-启用垂直速度（VS）保持模式

高度

ALT-选定的高度窗口

ALT旋钮 -旋转以增加或减少选定的高度

HOLD（保持） -用于命令立即平移并保持当前高度（ALT HOLD）的按钮

方法

LOC-仅武器定位器捕获

APP-手臂定位器和滑坡捕获，或者，如果未编写ILS进近程序，则使用LNAV和VNAV进近。

自动驾驶大师

A / P接合：L CMD，C CMD，R CMD接合左，中和右自动驾驶仪命令（CMD）。

脱离 -断开所有三个自动驾驶仪的连接

In a Boeing 747 following the route and climbing and descending is very easy. On the ground you set the flight directors to on and arm LNAV and VNAV and the auto throttle (A/T). On the runway you press the TakeOff GoAround (TOGA) button, which can be assigned in the control settings of the Aerofly FS 2, and take off manually. Right after lift off you can engage the autopilot and let if climb in VNAV SPD. Upon reaching the acceleration height the autopilot pitches the aircraft forward and you can retract the flaps. Reching cruise altitude VNAV PATH engages. Prior to the top of descent you reduce the selected altitude and the aircraft will automatically descent on profile. Near the airport APP is pressed to arm the ILS. Configure the aircraft for landing and adjust the MCP speed window for the final approach to VREF and the aircraft can land on its own and come to a complete stop.

在波音747飞机上，沿着这条路线进行爬升和下降非常容易。在地面上，将飞行指挥器(flight director)设置为开，并武装LNAV和VNAV以及自动油门（A / T）。在跑道上，按一下起飞起飞环绕（TOGA）按钮（可以在Aerofly FS 2的控制设置中分配），然后手动起飞。提起飞机后，您可以立即启用自动驾驶仪，让其升入VNAV SPD。达到加速高度后，自动驾驶仪会将飞机向前倾斜，您可以收回襟翼。 达到巡航高度VNAV PATH启用。在TOD (Top of descent) * 之前，您需要降低选定的高度，飞机将根据飞行计划自动下降。在机场附近，按下APP即可武装 (还不是启用) ILS。调整飞机降落配置 并 调整MCP速度窗口以达到VREF的最终进近状态，飞机可以自行降落并完全停止。

* 在航空中，下降的最高点（也称为TOD或T / D）是计算的从飞行巡航阶段到下降阶段的过渡，或者是从计划下降到起始进近高度的起始点。 下降的最高点通常由机上飞行管理系统计算，旨在提供最经济的下降到接近高度或满足其他目标（最快下降，最大范围等）。

The Flight Mode Annunciator (FMA) can be found at the top of the primary flight display (PFD). From left to right it indicates:

Auto Throttle Mode: SPD, THR REF, IDLE, HOLD in green

Lateral Mode: ATT, LVL, HDG HOLD, HDG SEL, LNAV, LOC, TO/GA and ROLLOUT in green and armed lateral modes: LNAV, LOC, ROLLOUT in white

Vertical Mode: V/S, FLCH SPD, VNAV SPD, ALT, VNAV PTH, VNAV ALT, G/S, TO/GA in greeen and armed vertical modes: G/S, FLARE, VNAV

Directly underneath the status of the autopilot (CMD) and flight director (FD) are displayed as follows. When the autopilot is in control CMD is displayed above the attitude indicator. When all three autopilots are engaged for landing “LAND 3” is displayed. When no autopilot is active but the flight director left or right are still on the text “FD” is shown. When both flight directors are off as well as all autopilots no label is shown and the flight mode annunciator lateral and vertical modes vanish.

飞行模式信号器（FMA）可以在主要飞行显示器（PFD）的顶部找到。从左到右表示：

自动油门模式：SPD，THR REF，IDLE，HOLD为绿色

横向模式：ATT，LVL，HDG HOLD，HDG SEL，LNAV，LOC，TO / GA和ROLLOUT 为绿色。 武装模式下的横向模式：LNAV，LOC，ROLLOUT为白色

垂直模式：V/S，FLCH SPD，VNAV SPD，ALT，VNAV PTH，VNAV ALT，G/S，TO/GA为绿色。 武装模式下垂直模式：G/S，FLARE，VNAV为白色

在自动驾驶仪（CMD）和飞行指引仪（FD）的状态正下方显示如下。当自动驾驶仪处于控制状态时，CMD将显示在姿态指示器上方。当所有三个自动驾驶仪都降落时，将显示“ LAND 3”。如果没有自动驾驶仪处于活动状态，但左或右飞行指引仪仍显示在文本“ FD”上。当两个飞行控制器以及所有自动驾驶仪都关闭时，将不会显示标签，并且飞行模式信号器的横向和垂直模式都将消失。

On the very far left and right of the MCP there are two switches for the Flight Director (F/D). They control the visibility of the flight directors on the Primary Flight Displays (PFDs) for each side.

Click the left and right flight director switch with the left mouse button to set the flight directors on or off.

在MCP的最左侧和右侧，有两个用于Flight Director（F / D）的开关。它们控制着每一侧主飞行显示器（PFD）上飞行指挥器的可见性。

用鼠标左键单击左右飞行指引仪开关以打开或关闭飞行指引仪。

When the first flight director is set to ON or the autopilot is engaged with the flight directors in the OFF position, the basic lateral and vertical mode are selected automatically.

On the ground the lateral and vertical modes TO/GA are selected. These guide the aircraft wings level and to the MCP speed + 10kts for takeoff.

The basic lateral mode is wings level (LVL) or bank hold (ATT) depending if the current bank angle is above 6° to either side. Wings level (LVL) is followed by heading hold (HDG HOLD) as soon as the bank angle is reduced to zero and the present heading at that time is maintained.

Vertically the basic mode is Vertical Speed hold (VS)

当第一个飞行指引仪设置为ON 或 自动驾驶仪已经启用同时飞行指引仪处于OFF位置时，基本的横向和垂直模式会被自动选择。

在地面上，横向和纵向模式都被选到了TO/GA。这些将引导飞机机翼水平并以MCP速度+ 10kts起飞。

基本的横向模式是机翼水平（LVL）或倾斜保持（ATT），这取决于当前倾斜角度是否大于任一侧的6°。一旦倾斜角减小到零并保持当时的航向，则在机翼水平（LVL）之后跟随航向保持（HDG HOLD）。

垂直方向上的基本模式是垂直速度保持（VS）

Lateral modes are controlling the aircraft's bank angle to steer the aircraft across the map left and right. One by one we are now going through all lateral modes that the Boeing 747 offers. But first let us visit the BANK LIMIT selector

横向模式正在控制飞机的倾斜角，以使飞机在地图上左右移动。现在，我们将逐一介绍波音747提供的所有横向模式。但是首先让我们来看看BANK LIMIT selector 选择器

倾斜限度 BANK LIMIT

In most Boeing aircraft the pilot has the option to reduce the maximum bank angle of the aircraft when the autopilot is flying a turn. Available options in the Boeing 747 are: 25, 20, 15, 10 and 5 degrees and AUTO. In AUTO the flight director chooses it's own value, in the Aerofly this currently (as of 7th August 2017) is always 25 degrees.

Mouse over the outer ring of the heading select knob and rotate the mouse wheel to rotate the outer BANK LIMIT knob to the desired position.

Note - This is purely optional. If you leave it in AUTO you won't overshoot a turn and you turn around the quickest way possible (currently).

在大多数波音飞机中，飞行员可以选择在自动驾驶仪转弯时减小飞机的最大倾斜角度。波音747中的可用选项为：25度，20度，15度，10度和5度以及“自动”。在AUTO中，飞行主管选择自己的值，而在Aerofly中，当前值（截至2017年8月7日）始终为25度。

将鼠标悬停在方向选择旋钮的外圈上，然后旋转鼠标滚轮，将外部BANK LIMIT旋钮旋转到所需位置。

注意 -这完全是可选的。如果将其保留在“自动”AUTO状态，则不会过弯，并且会以最快的速度转弯（当前）。

ATT

Attitude hold, or rather bank hold, since this is only a lateral mode, maintains the bank angle at engagement. To enter this mode the flight director has to be activated in the air above 6 degrees of bank. This is typically not a mode you would fly in for longer time.

姿态保持，或更确切地说，倾斜保持，因为这仅仅是横向模式，所以保持启动状态时的倾斜角度。要进入此模式，必须在倾斜度超过6度的空中激活飞行指引仪Flight Director。通常，这不是您会长时间飞行的模式。

LVL，HDG HOLD

After leveling the wings (LVL) the heading hold (HDG HOLD) mode engages. The heading at that time is maintained. To engage this mode:

Click the HOLD button underneath the heading selector. The button will illuminate once HDG HOLD is activated.

调平机翼（LVL）后，进入航向保持（HDG HOLD）模式。当时的航向保持不变。要启用此模式：

单击航向选择器下方的HOLD “保持”按钮。HDG HOLD激活后，该按钮将点亮。

HDG SEL

Different to the HDG HOLD mode the HDG SEL lateral mode takes your selected heading into account. The the bank angle is adjusted up to the BANK LIMIT value to turn towards the target heading.

To turn towards a selected heading

Use the mouse wheel over the inner part of the heading select knob to adjust the selected heading in the window.

Click the “SEL” button at the tip of the knob to engage HDG SEL

与HDG HOLD模式不同，HDG SEL横向模式会考虑您选择的航向。倾斜角度被调整到BANK LIMIT值以转向目标航向。

转向选定的标题

使用鼠标滚轮在标题选择旋钮的内部上方调整窗口中的所选标题。

单击旋钮尖端的“ SEL”按钮以接合HDG SEL

起飞/复飞 TO/GA

The TakeOff GoAround lateral mode (TO/GA) commands wings level on the ground and runway heading after lift off. This mode is the default mode when you set the flight directors on while on the ground. In the air this mode is engaged by pressing the TO/GA button which can be assigned in the control settings of the Aerofly FS 2.

起飞复飞Takeoff GoAround 横向模式（TO/GA）规定了 机翼在地面上要保持水平 并 在升空后继续延续跑道的朝向。当您在地面上将飞行指挥器Flight Director打开时，此模式是默认模式。在空中通过按下TO/GA按钮进入此模式，可以在Aerofly FS 2的控制设置中分配该按钮。

LNAV

Lateral NAVigation (LNAV) is using the pre-programmed flight plan (can be created in the navigation dialog) to follow the route to the destination. It will make turns as needed.

Arming LNAV

A route must be near by to arm the LNAV mode.

Click the LNAV push button on the ground or in flight to arm LNAV. The LNAV push button will illuminate when LNAV is armed or engaged and on the FMA in the second line you can see LNAV armed in white.

Engaging LNAV

The current selected heading should intercept the flight plan

Then LNAV will engage once the flight plan can be captured in a turn

When the lateral deviation from the flight plan is small enough LNAV will engage right away (e.g. after lift off)

Disarming LNAV

Click the LNAV push button when LNAV is still armed in white on the FMA

If LNAV is engaged select another lateral mode, e.g. HDG HOLD (see above)

横向导航（LNAV）正在使用预编程的飞行计划（可以在导航对话框中创建）来追寻到达目的地的路线。它将根据需要转弯。

武装 Arming LNAV

路线必须在附近以武装LNAV模式。

在地面或飞行中单击LNAV按钮以武装LNAV。当LNAV处于武装 或启用状态时，LNAV按钮将亮起；在飞行模式信号器FMA的第二行中，您可以看到LNAV处于白色布防状态。

启用 Engaging LNAV

当前选择的航向应该能截取飞行计划

然后，一旦转弯可以截取飞行计划，LNAV就会启用 

当与飞行计划的横向偏差较小时，LNAV将立即启用（例如，升空后）

解除 LNAV

当LNAV在FMA上仍为白色时，单击LNAV按钮

如果启用了LNAV，则选择另一种横向模式，例如HDG HOLD（参见上文）

LOC

The localizer capture function requires the ILS receivers to be set to an ILS frequency. This is done fully automatic with the auto tuning but it requires a flight plan with to be programmed.

Click the LOC push button to arm the localizer only or

Click the APP push button to arm the localizer and glide slope for the ILS approach

Note - The armed status of the LOC can be seen on the FMA in the second line in white. Also the LOC or APP buttons illuminate.

To disarm the localizer capture

Click the LOC or APP button a second time, given they haven't engaged yet. If they have you need to select another mode. If G/S was already captured V/S will engage (see below).

Note - You can switch between LOC only and APP as long as they as the glide slope (G/S) is not captured yet.

定位器捕获功能要求将ILS接收器设置到一个ILS频率。这个过程完全通过自动调整全自动完成，但是需要对飞行计划进行编程设置。

单击LOC按钮以单独武装Localizer或

单击APP按钮来武装定位器Localizer和下滑道Glide Slope用于ILS进场

注意 -LOC的武装状态可以在FMA的第二行中以白色显示。LOC或APP按钮也会亮起。

取消 定位器捕获  localizer capture function

如果两个模式尚未启用，请再次单击LOC或APP按钮。如果他们有，则需要选择其他模式。如果已经捕获了G/S，则V/S将参与（见下文）。

注意 -只要尚未捕获下滑道（G/S），就可以在仅LOC和APP之间切换。

Rollout

当同时捕获LOC和G / S时，ROLLOUT自动武装低于1500ft RA。这种横向模式将使用舵Rudder将ILS定位器保持在地面上。这是该飞机全自动着陆能力的一部分。

后续请查看第二部分 Part II

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