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本文介绍使用 Python3.6及以上通过 SMTP 协议发信。 示例代码： # -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
import smtplib
import email
# import json
# import base64
from email.mime.multipart import MIMEMultipart
from email.mime.text import MIMEText
# from email.mime.image import MIMEImage
# from email.mime.base import MIMEBase
# from email.mime.application import MIMEApplication
from email.header import Header
from email.utils import formataddr
# import urllib.request
# import ssl
# username，通过控制台创建的发信地址
username = 'XXXXXXXX'
# password，通过控制台创建的SMTP密码
password = 'XXXXXXXX'
# 自定义的回信地址，与控制台设置的无关。邮件推送发信地址不收信，收信人回信时会自动跳转到设置好的回信地址。
replyto = 'XXXXXXXX'
# 显示的To收信地址
rcptto = ['[email protected]', '[email protected]']
# 显示的Cc收信地址
rcptcc = ['[email protected]', '[email protected]']
# Bcc收信地址，密送人不会显示在邮件上，但可以收到邮件
rcptbcc = ['[email protected]', '[email protected]']
# 全部收信地址，包含抄送地址，单次发送不能超过60人
receivers = rcptto + rcptcc + rcptbcc
# 构建alternative结构
msg = MIMEMultipart('alternative')
msg['Subject'] = Header('自定义信件主题')
msg['From'] = formataddr(["自定义发信昵称", username]) # 昵称+发信地址(或代发)
# list转为字符串
msg['To'] = ",".join(rcptto)
msg['Cc'] = ",".join(rcptcc)
msg['Reply-to'] = replyto #用于接收回复邮件，需要收信方支持标准协议
msg['Return-Path'] = '[email protected]' #用于接收退信邮件，需要收信方支持标准协议
msg['Message-id'] = email.utils.make_msgid()
msg['Date'] = email.utils.formatdate()
# 若需要开启邮件跟踪服务，请使用以下代码设置跟踪链接头。
# 首先域名需要备案，设置且已正确解析了CNAME配置；其次发信需要打Tag，此Tag在控制台已创建并存在，Tag创建10分钟后方可使用；
# 设置跟踪链接头
# tagName = 'xxxxxxx'
#
# # OpenTrace和LinkTrace的对应值是字符串'1'，固定
# trace = {
# "OpenTrace": '1', #打开邮件跟踪
# "LinkTrace": '1', #点击邮件里的URL跟踪
# "TagName": tagName # 控制台创建的标签tagname
# }
# jsonTrace = json.dumps(trace)
# base64Trace = str(base64.b64encode(jsonTrace.encode('utf-8')), 'utf-8')
# # print(base64Trace)
# msg.add_header("X-AliDM-Trace", base64Trace)
# 构建alternative的text/plain部分
# textplain = MIMEText('自定义TEXT纯文本部分', _subtype='plain', _charset='UTF-8')
# msg.attach(textplain)
# 构建alternative的text/html部分
texthtml = MIMEText('自定义HTML超文本部分', _subtype='html', _charset='UTF-8')
msg.attach(texthtml)
# # 发送本地附件
# files = [r'C:\Users\Downloads\test1.jpg', r'C:\Users\Downloads\test2.jpg']
# for t in files:
# filename = t.rsplit('/', 1)[1]
# part_attach1 = MIMEApplication(open(t, 'rb').read()) # 打开附件
# part_attach1.add_header('Content-Disposition', 'attachment', filename=filename) # 为附件命名
# msg.attach(part_attach1) # 添加附件
# #发送url附件
# files = [r'https://example.oss-cn-shanghai.aliyuncs.com/xxxxxxxxxxx.png']
# for t in files:
# filename=t.rsplit('/', 1)[1]
# response = urllib.request.urlopen(t)
# part_attach1 = MIMEApplication(response.read()) # 打开附件，非本地文件
# part_attach1.add_header('Content-Disposition', 'attachment', filename=filename) # 为附件命名
# msg.attach(part_attach1) # 添加附件
# 发送邮件
try:
# 若需要加密使用SSL，可以这样创建client
# client = smtplib.SMTP_SSL('smtpdm.aliyun.com', 465)
# python 3.10/3.11新版本若出现ssl握手失败,请使用下列方式处理：
# ctxt = ssl.create_default_context()
# ctxt.set_ciphers('DEFAULT')
# client = smtplib.SMTP_SSL('smtpdm.aliyun.com', 465, context=ctxt)
# SMTP普通端口为25或80
client = smtplib.SMTP('smtpdm.aliyun.com', 80)
# 开启DEBUG模式
client.set_debuglevel(0)
# 发件人和认证地址必须一致
client.login(username, password)
# 备注：若想取到DATA命令返回值,可参考smtplib的sendmail封装方法:
# 使用SMTP.mail/SMTP.rcpt/SMTP.data方法
# print(receivers)
client.sendmail(username, receivers, msg.as_string()) # 支持多个收件人，最多60个
client.quit()
print('邮件发送成功！')
except smtplib.SMTPConnectError as e:
print('邮件发送失败，连接失败:', e.smtp_code, e.smtp_error)
except smtplib.SMTPAuthenticationError as e:
print('邮件发送失败，认证错误:', e.smtp_code, e.smtp_error)
except smtplib.SMTPSenderRefused as e:
print('邮件发送失败，发件人被拒绝:', e.smtp_code, e.smtp_error)
except smtplib.SMTPRecipientsRefused as e:
print('邮件发送失败，收件人被拒绝:', e.smtp_code, e.smtp_error)
except smtplib.SMTPDataError as e:
print('邮件发送失败，数据接收拒绝:', e.smtp_code, e.smtp_error)
except smtplib.SMTPException as e:
print('邮件发送失败, ', str(e))
except Exception as e:
print('邮件发送异常, ', str(e))
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