经过荷兰建筑公司 Mecanoo 与 OTJ Architects 合作三年改造后，小马丁路德金纪念图书馆 (MLKL) 在华盛顿重新开放DC 图书馆于 1972 年开放，现已重生为当代终身学习中心，覆盖所有社区。

它是唯一一座由 20 世纪最伟大的建筑师之一路德维希·密斯·凡德罗设计的图书馆，随后以 1968 年被暗杀的杰出民权领袖金博士的名字命名。Mecanoo 的创意总监说：“我们一直以马丁路德金的永恒价值观为指导，并在这个美国首都人民最重要的图书馆中实施这些价值观。”

After a three-year transformation by Dutch architecture firm Mecanoo, working in collaboration with OTJ Architects, theMartin Luther King Jr. Memorial Library (MLKL) has re-opened in Washington D.C. The library, which opened in 1972, is reborn as a contemporary lifelong-learning hub that reaches out to all communities. It was the only library designed by Ludwig Mies van der Rohe, one of the twentieth century’s greatest architects, and was subsequently named after Dr. King, the towering civil rights leader who was assassinated in 1968. Francine Houben, principal, founding partner, and creative director of Mecanoo, says: “We have been guided by Martin Luther King’s timeless values and implemented them in this, the most important library for the people of America’s capital”.

纪念密斯和金的遗产。

MLKL 的改造带来了全新的人文环境，为未来设计和规划，并增加了公共屋顶花园、剧院、标志性楼梯和一套社区工作室和工作室等设施。正如 Houben 解释的那样，新设计的一个中心目标是“突出图书馆的社交聚会目的及其作为城市社会地标的强大存在”。设计方法平衡了密斯凡德罗和金博士截然不同的遗产。

Honoring the Legacies of Mies and King. The transformation of MLKL brings a new, humanistic environment at all levels, designed and programmed for the future, and it adds facilities including a public roof garden, a theater, signature staircases and a suite of community studios and workshops. A central objective of the new design, as Houben explains, is “to highlight the library’s social gathering purpose and its strong presence as a social landmark in the city”. The design approach balances the very different legacies of Mies van der Rohe and Dr. King.

Mecanoo 的广泛研究包括与参与原始建筑的建筑师 Jack Bowman 和带领活动家以 Dr. King 命名图书馆的 Charles Cassell 的对话。如果设计决策可以有利于 Mies 的遗产或 Dr. King 的价值观，但不能同时有利于两者，那么 Houben 会选择与 King 博士一起去。“我们必须通过节目和向所有人开放大楼来向他致敬，”她说。

Mecanoo’s extensive research included dialogue with Jack Bowman, an architect who worked on the original building, and Charles Cassell, who led the campaigner to name the library after Dr. King. If design decisions could favor either Mies’ legacy or Dr. King’s values, but not both, Houben would choose to go with Dr. King. “We must honor him by the programming, and by opening the building to everyone”, she says.

39,600 平方米（426,000 平方英尺）的复兴项目尊重原始建筑的强大简约。这是密斯凡德罗独特的直线黑色玻璃钢美学的一个例子，这是他在纽约和芝加哥的标志性摩天大楼的特征。

MLKL 的矩形形式有三层玻璃地板，它们漂浮在第一层（地面）上方，隐藏在黑色钢柱柱廊后面。

The 39,600 m2 (426,000 sq ft) rejuvenation project respects the powerful simplicity of the original building. It is an example of Mies van der Rohe’s distinctive rectilinear black glass-and-steel aesthetic, which characterizes his iconic skyscrapers in New York and Chicago. The MLKL’s rectangular form has three glazed floors which float above a first (ground) floor recessed behind a colonnade of black steel columns.

当 Houben 第一次访问旧的 MLKL 时，她发现“从技术上讲，它不是一座好的建筑，也不是一个好的图书馆……所有的书都放光了，所有人都没有得到任何东西”。新设计消除了这些和其他基本缺点。

When Houben first visited the old MLKL, she found that it “was not a good building technically and it was not a good library… all the books got daylight and all the people didn’t get any at all”. These and other fundamental shortcomings are eliminated in the new design.

一个温暖、社交和健康的环境。

G 街的主要入口通向大厅，大厅。原始特征被恢复。在 1986 年唐米勒 (Don Miller) 庆祝金博士生平的宏伟壁画下方，Mecanoo 将墙壁凹进并用垂直木板条排列。长凳台阶从地板上升起，吸引人们坐下、聊天、阅读和观看。

从您进入的那一刻起，这种干预就为大堂带来了温暖和更好的音响效果，并提升了图书馆的社交维度。与图书馆的所有功能一样，很清楚什么是 Mies 的原始设计，什么是 Mecanoo 的新设计。大堂还展示了 Nekisha Durrett 的新壁画。

An environment that is warm, social, and healthy. The main G Street entrance leads into the Great Hall, the lobby. Original features are restored. Below a magnificent mural from 1986 by Don Miller, which celebrates Dr. King’s life, Mecanoo has recessed the wall and lined it with vertical wooden slats. Bench steps rise from floor level, drawing people to sit, chat, read and watch. The intervention brings warmth and better acoustics to the lobby and boosts the library’s social dimension from the moment you enter. As with all the library’s features, it is clear what was Mies’ original design, and what is new and designed by Mecanoo. The lobby also hosts new murals by Nekisha Durrett.

一个新的咖啡馆被大厅的玻璃隔开，并延伸到图书馆东北角的外部区域。砖墙已被削减，以便向人行道开放，将图书馆与城市连接起来。

A new café is partitioned by the glass from the Great Hall and extends to an outside area on the library’s north-east corner. Brick walls have been cut back so that it is open to the sidewalk, connecting the library with the city.

Mecanoo 推出了两款新的木质楼梯，其特点是具有雕塑般的流动性。楼梯很宽，水磨石浮出水面，并围绕从底层到新的五楼的中间空隙向上弯曲，自然光从圆形天窗射入。楼梯体现了 Mecanoo 的有机风格，为垂直循环带来柔和、清扫的节奏，并充当社交连接器。此外，正如 Houben 评论的那样：“楼梯的视觉吸引力鼓励人们使用它们，它们是乘坐电梯的健康替代品”。

Mecanoo has introduced two new wood-lined staircases characterized by their sculptural fluidity. Stairs are wide, terrazzo surfaced, and curve up around a middle void from the lower ground floor to a new fifth floor, where natural light falls through circular skylights. The staircases exemplify Mecanoo’s organic styling, bring a soft, sweeping rhythm to vertical circulation, and they act as social connectors. Furthermore, as Houben comments: “The visual attraction of the staircases encourages people to use them, and they’re a healthy alternative to taking the elevator”.

提供实验室、技能培训、社区服务等的图书馆。

Mecanoo 首次向图书馆用户开放了地下一层。它拥有广泛的设施，提供资源和技能培训。新的制造实验室是一套配备动手设备的工作室，正如 Houben 评论的那样，“这是一个可以制造噪音的空间！”相比之下，工作室实验室的房间很安静，可以进行音乐、舞蹈和瑜伽等活动。

A library that offers laboratories, skills training, community services, and more. Mecanoo has opened the lower ground floor to library users for the first time. It hosts a wide range of facilities that offer resources and skills training. The new Fabrication Lab is a suite of workshops with hands-on equipment, and as Houben comments, “this is a space where you can make noise!”. In contrast, the Studio Lab’s rooms are quiet, enabling activities such as music, dance, and yoga.

从二楼往上，书架先前已经把四面的窗户都挡住了。这些已被清除，让自然光深入建筑物。在二楼，一个连续的阅读柜台沿着窗户延伸，俯瞰G街。它是跨越多个楼层的 220m (720ft) 长“阅读功能区”的一部分。二楼现在有一个色彩缤纷的新儿童图书馆，分为三个“年龄区”，其中一个楼梯旁边有一个滑梯。旧图书馆缺少乐趣，但现在它已内置，幻灯片甚至引入了刺激。

From the second floor upwards, bookshelves had previously blocked the windows on all sides. These have been cleared away, allowing natural light deep into the building. On the second floor, a continuous reading counter stretches along the window overlooking G Street. It is part of a 220m (720ft)-long “Reading Ribbon” over multiple floors. The second floor now hosts a colorful new children’s library, divided into three “age zones”, and includes a slide beside one of the staircases. Fun was missing in the old library, but now it’s built in, and the slide even introduces thrill.

三楼的亮点是大阅览室。以前只有一层楼高，现在拆除天花板使其成为两倍高，在视觉上连接到它上面的四楼阅览室。Xenobia Bailey 的新装置悬挂在新的两层楼天花板上，这位艺术家以其强烈的传统非洲和当代城市美学而闻名。

On the third floor, the highlight is the Grand Reading Room. Previously just one floor high, removal of a ceiling now gives it double-height, visually connecting into the fourth-floor reading room above it. A new installation by Xenobia Bailey hangs from the new two-story ceiling, an artist known for her strong traditional African and contemporary urban aesthetics.

DC 获得了一个新的礼堂和一个公共屋顶花园。 四楼现在设有一个可容纳 291 人的大礼堂。这个双高的活动空间有温暖的木衬墙，在拐角处弯曲，倾斜的座位上升到一个全新的五楼。在那里，礼堂大厅与会议室和活动中心接壤，活动中心通向一个新的空中花园。新地板包含在一个梯形的玻璃凉亭内，由围绕它的悬臂屋顶遮蔽。从边缘向后退，从街道上看不到亭子，从那里建筑物的轮廓和几何形状看起来与密斯设计的完全一样。

D.C. gains a new auditorium and a public roof garden. The fourth floor now features a major 291-capacity auditorium. This double-height event space has warm wood-lined walls which curve around the corners, and banked seating that rises into an entirely new fifth floor. There, the auditorium lobby is bordered by conference rooms and an Events Center, which opens into a new sky-garden. The new floor is contained within a trapezoid, glazed pavilion, sheltered by a roof cantilevering out around it. Set back from the edges, the pavilion is not visible from the street, from where the building’s profile and geometry look exactly as Mies designed it.

亭子周围是一个新的屋顶花园。小径纵横交错，将生物多样性带入华盛顿市中心。这片隐蔽而公共的绿洲为每个人提供宁静、亲近自然和开阔的天空。“屋顶是一片沙漠”，Houben 评论道。“现在它变成了城市的公园”。

Surrounding the pavilion is a new roof garden. Paths crisscrossed between angular planters which bring biodiversity into the heart of Washington. This hidden yet public oasis offers everyone tranquility, proximity to nature, and an open sky. “The rooftop was a desert”, comments Houben. “Now it becomes a park for the city”.

密斯设计了一个被动的图书馆来坐下来阅读，但重生的图书馆被设计成活跃的，一个做事和聚会的地方。它现在体现了金博士为国家带来的进步、包容和希望的精神。有机表面和柔和线条的引入与密斯严格的硬表面直线形成强烈对比，但它与原始建筑产生了协同作用，而不是对立。

Mies had designed a passive library to sit and read in, but the reborn library is designed to be active, a place for doing and meeting. It now embodies the spirit of advancement, inclusivity, and hope that Dr. King brought to the nation. The introduction of organic surfaces and softer lines is a strong contrast to Mies’ strict hard-surfaced rectilinearity, but it creates synergy, not opposition, with the original building.

平面图

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剖面图

建筑师：Mecanoo + OTJ Architects

地点：美国

面积：39600平方米

年份：2021

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