CCL2 也称单核细胞趋化蛋白 1 (MCP1)，是属于 CC 趋化因子家族的小细胞因子。在人类中，CCL2 基因位于人类 17 号染色体的 q11.2-q12 区域，编码的 CCL2 是一种单体多肽，分子量为 9-15 kDa，具体取决于糖基化水平。CCL2 主要由单核细胞、巨噬细胞和树突状细胞分泌，血小板衍生生长因子是 CCL2 基因的主要诱导物。星形胶质细胞和小胶质细胞也被认为是 CCL2 的来源[1]。CCL2 通过与 CCR2 的结合和激活发出信号，并诱导强烈的趋化反应和细胞内钙离子的动员。其中，CCL2/CCR2 可以通过激活 β1 整合素和 p38-MAPK 信号通路来调节巨噬细胞的细胞粘附和趋化性。除了作为一种化学诱导剂，CCL2还可以通过改变紧密连接 (TJ) 蛋白在体外调节脑内皮通透性，并调节内皮粘附分子和白细胞整合素的表达以及细胞因子的产生。此外，CCL2-CCR2 信号轴也与许多炎症和神经退行性疾病有关，将炎症细胞募集到 CNS 中发挥作用[2]。CCL2 最初被描述为“肿瘤衍生的趋化因子”，已被证明是多种类型免疫细胞的有效趋化因子，也作为多种疾病治疗的潜在靶点，例如动脉粥样硬化、多发性硬化、哮喘、神经性疼痛、糖尿病肾病和癌症等[3]。

CCL2, also known as monocyte chemotactic protein 1 (MCP1), is a small cell factor belonging to the CC chemokine family. In human, the CCL2 gene, located in the q11.2-q12 region of human chromosome 17, encodes a monomeric polypeptide with a molecular weight of 9-15 kDa, depending on the level of glycosylation. CCL2 is mainly secreted by monocytes, macrophages and dendritic cells. It is secreted by monocytes, macrophages and dendritic cells, and platelet-derived growth factor is the main inducer of the CCL2 gene. Astrocytes and microglia are also thought to be the source of CCL2[1]. CCL2 signals through binding to and activation of CCR2 and induces a strong chemotactic response and intracellular mobilization of calcium ions. Among other things, CCL2/CCR2 can regulate cell adhesion and chemotaxis of macrophages by activating the β1 integrin and p38-MAPK signaling pathways. In addition to acting as a chemoattractant, CCL2 can also regulate brain endothelial permeability in vitro by altering tight junction (TJ) proteins and regulating the expression of endothelial adhesion molecules and leukocyte integrins as well as cytokine production. In addition, the CCL2-CCR2 signaling axis has been implicated in many inflammatory and neurodegenerative diseases, acting to recruit inflammatory cells into the CNS[2]. Originally described as a "tumor-derived chemokine", CCL2 has been shown to be a potent chemokine for many types of immune cells and a potential target for the treatment of many diseases, such as atherosclerosis, multiple sclerosis, asthma, neuropathic pain, diabetic nephropathy, and cancer[3].

参考文献:

[1]. Qiongyu Hao, et al.  CCL2/CCR2 signaling in cancer pathogenesis. Cell Commun Signal. 2020 May 29;18(1):82.   [Content Brief]

[2]. Svetlana M Stamatovic, et al. Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 regulation of blood-brain barrier permeability. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab. 2005 May;25(5):593-606.   [Content Brief]

[3]. Rachel N Gomes, et al. Bacterial clearance in septic mice is modulated by MCP-1/CCL2 and nitric oxide. Shock. 2013 Jan;39(1):63-9.   [Content Brief]

重组人MCP-1/CCL2蛋白(Biotinylated, HEK293, His-Avi)

C-C motif chemokine 2; CCL2; HC11; MCAF; MCP-1; HSMCR30; MCP1; SCYA2; SMC-CF; GDCF-2

重组小鼠MCP-1/CCL2蛋白(HEK293)

rMuMCP-1/CCL2; C-C motif chemokine 2; MCAF; MCP-1; SCYA2

重组人MCP-1/CCL2蛋白

rHuMCP-1/CCL2; C-C motif chemokine 2; MCAF; MCP-1; SCYA2

C-C motif chemokine 2; CCL2; HC11; MCAF; MCP-1; HSMCR30; MCP1; SCYA2; SMC-CF; GDCF-2

Monocyte Chemotactic Protein-1; MCP-1; JE

重组大鼠MCP-1/CCL2 (HEK293-表达)

rRtMCP-1/CCL2; C-C motif chemokine 2; MCAF; MCP-1; SCYA2

重组小鼠MCP-1/CCL2蛋白(HEK293, His)

C-C motif chemokine ligand 2; GDCF-2; HC11; HSMCR30; MCAF; SCYA2; SMC-CF

重组小鼠MCP-1/CCL2蛋白

rMuCCL2; C-C motif chemokine 2; Monocyte chemoattractant protein 1; Monocyte chemotactic protein 1; MCP-1; Ccl2; Scya2

重组人MCP-1/CCL2蛋白 (HEK293, His-Avi)

C-C motif chemokine 2; CCL2; HC11; MCAF; MCP-1; HSMCR30; MCP1; SCYA2; SMC-CF; GDCF-2

C-C motif chemokine 2; CCL2; HC11; MCAF; MCP-1; HSMCR30; MCP1; SCYA2; SMC-CF; GDCF-2

重组小鼠MCP-1/CCL2蛋白(sf9, His)

C-C motif chemokine 2; MCAF; MCP-1; SCYA2

重组小鼠MCP-1/CCL2蛋白(Biotinylated, sf9, His)

C-C motif chemokine 2; MCAF; MCP-1; SCYA2

C-C motif chemokine 2; CCL2; HC11; MCAF; MCP-1; HSMCR30; MCP1; SCYA2; SMC-CF; GDCF-2

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