受限于母语思维和自身英文功底，学术英语写作成为了很多有国际发表需求的中国学生的难题。本文致力于为面临上述难题的各位提供一种直接的、实际的、能解决问题的学术英语写作模板。鉴于学术英语写作知识量大、要点繁多，故将其分为摘要、引言、结论、致谢和注意事项等不同部分分别呈现。本文为学术英语写作模板的第一篇，即摘要部分。

　　摘要是以提供论文内容梗概为目的，不加评论和补充解释，简明扼要地叙述论文重要内容的短文，是对论文内容的高度概述和浓缩。摘要的主要作用有两个，其一是让读者尽快了解论文的主要内容，以补充论文题目所提供信息的不足;其二是为科技情报文献检索数据库的建设和维护提供方便。如果按照论文的目的和用途进行分类，摘要可以分为学术刊物论文摘要、学术会议论文摘要、学位论文摘要等三种;如果按照功能分类，则可以分为信息型摘要、指示型摘要、信息-指示型摘要等三种。学术英语写作中摘要的构成构成要素主要包含以下几个方面：研究主题、研究背景、研究目的、研究方法、研究结果以及研究结论等6部分。下面，我们一一来展示相应部分的写作范式，为各位提供参考。

　　研究主题的写作范式

　　(斜体字为并列的可替换内容)

　　This article/ analysis/ essay/ investigation/ paper/ research/ study/ survey/ thesis/ work addresses/ analyzes/ argues/ deems/ holds/ concerns/ covers/ includes/ deals with/ touches on/ is about ......

　　The author demonstrates/ discusses/ describes/ elaborates on/ expounds/ emphasizes/ explains/ explores/ probes into/ expresses/ focuses on/ formulates/ introduces/ presents/ investigates/ monitors/ provides/ reports/ reveals/ suggests/ shows/ exhibits/ studies/ summarizes ......

　　...... is studied in this paper/ is the subject of this investigation.

　　研究背景(背景回顾)的写作范式

　　...... have developed dramatically over the last century, lessons learned ……

　　In the previous publication it was shown……

　　This paper presents the results of ……surveys conducted by……

　　This paper provides a brief history of……

　　The paper reviews the context for……

　　研究背景(必要性和重要性)的写作范式

　　This analysis/ article/ essay/ paper/ thesis considers/ deems it necessary to……

　　It is necessary to……

　　……create(s) new problems and call(s) for new……

　　……has(have) resulted in a need for……

　　……require(s) an effective……

　　……is an essential process to……

　　……play(s) important roals in……

　　……is an important means of……

　　……will be important.

　　研究背景(局限性)的写作范式

　　Previous surveys have addressed the question of…… . The surveys reported in this paper are a follow-up study to the earlier surveys.

　　Although this process has successfully achieved this objective, it is still not completely understood…… . Essay writing service on essay.lxws.net…… . There is limited information regarding……and no information could be found on the relationship between……and…… . To be understand……

　　The limitations of……are discussed.

　　……has the potential to…… . However, no comparative studies on……are available, and……has not been attempted.

　　……is a major contributor to…… . However it is much neglected in the research and planning activities of……

　　Despite the recent……of……

　　研究目的的写作范式

　　The analysis/ article/ essay/ paper/ thesis aims to/ attempts to/ makes an attempt to/ tries to/ intends to/ is intended to……

　　The chief/ key/ main/ major/ primary/ pricipal/ aim/ attempt/ goal/ object/ objective/ proposal/ purpose of this paper/ research/ work is to……

　　To/ In order to assess/ evaluate/ compare/ clarify/ decribe/ determine/ explore/ examine/ testify/ check/ identify/ improve/ investigate/ study ……

　　To this end…… is(was) studied…..

　　In this paper, we wish to……

　　研究方法(方法与原理)的写作范式

　　A……based……is used, which requires……

　　A……model is developed to represent……

　　A……model tested the ……of……

　　A simple modification in the model changes the focus from ……to……

　　A……system was used to……

　　……was(were) treated with……

　　……measurements were made……

　　……were separated into……groups based on……

　　……were randomly divided/ grouped into……groups.

　　Statistical methods……was used for……

　　……also incorporates a……

　　The new……system has been tested in……

　　The proposed……employs an information system to store……

　　The samples of……were collected by……

　　The test for……has been carried out……

　　We sampled the……of……

　　We experimented on the property of……

　　Using……(tecnique), we studied……

　　Using……, it was found that……

　　……was(were) measured using……

　　By performing a one-dimensional analysis on a……

　　With reference to……, ……is obtained, ……problem is solved through……method.

　　In order to examine the……, a questionnaire survey has been conducted with……

　　研究方法(数据测量与计算)的写作范式

　　The average…… increases with……

　　The mean percent fifferences between……and……that were observed indicated that……and it was evident that……

　　The author has computed/ worked out……

　　In this paper, we measured……

　　Comparing……and……, it was found that……

　　The……range of……was measured by……

　　The……rate of……was calculated by means of……

　　The……was estimated……

　　研究结果的写作范式

　　It is found that……

　　The ……are found to be……

　　……is confirmed.

　　……demonstrate……

　　……showed……

　　Key findings of the study include……

　　研究结论(结论)的写作范式

　　The study of……indicates/ reveals/ shows/ suggests that……

　　The authors conclude that……

　　研究结论(启示)的写作范式

　　The approach can be used with……

　　Based on……, ……can determine……

　　The model can be used for answering various “what if” questions that may be very helpful to……

　　The outcome of the investigation is to provide……

　　It is anticipated that the conceptual model presented here will be used as a basis for……

　　Overall, the results suggest improvements to……

　　Significant improvements in performance appear possible through……

　　The present study makes it possible to apply……

　　These models provide a viable alternative to……

　　The model was implemented to predict……when……

　　Model results also suggests benefits for……

　　The results of……effort illustrate the vaule of……

　　研究结论(展望)的写作范式

　　……will call for new forms of……, greater supporter of……

　　Although there is already……, more……is still needed.

　　We believe this approach opens the way to further development on problems in……

　　上述关于摘要6个部分的写作范式是从大量已发表英文论文中摘录并总结而来，具有一定的代表性和广泛性。其中有一些为并列内容(斜体字部分)，读者只需选取自己习惯使用的一项或两项酌情掌握即可。但是，如果完全按照上述模板来写英文摘要也不免会存在僵硬、不灵活、死板等情况。因此，只有结合模板并不断多读多写多练，才能形成具有自身特点的学术英语写法。