DNS的NS、A、CNAME、MX、TXT、PTR记录简单理解 |
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NS记录
NS：指定域名解析服务器 示例：cetrp.com. IN NS ns.cetrp.com. 解释：域名cetrp.com. 由 ns.cetrp.com. 服务器解析例如： [root@linux1 named]# cat cetrp.zone $TTL 1D @ IN SOA ns.cetrp.com. root.cetrp.com. ( 0 ; serial 1D ; refresh 1H ; retry 1W ; expire 3H ) ; minimum @ IN NS ns.cetrp.com. //@ 由 ns.cetrp.com. 解析 ns IN A 192.168.10.100 //ns为ns.cetrp.com. [root@linux1 named]# nslookup ns.cetrp.com Server: 192.168.10.100 Address: 192.168.10.100#53 Name: ns.cetrp.com Address: 192.168.10.100 [root@linux1 named]##@ 表示 cetrp.com.（对应/etc/named.rfc1912.zones区域文件中的cetrp.com） [root@linux1 named]# cat /etc/named.rfc1912.zones ... zone "cetrp.com" IN { type master; file "cetrp.zone"; allow-update { none; }; }; ... [root@linux1 named]# A记录/AAAA记录（正向解析）A：将域名指向一个IPV4地址 示例：ns1.cetrp.com. IN A 192.168.10.100 解释：将域名ns1.cetrp.com. 映射到192.168.10.100AAAA：将域名指向一个IPV6地址 示例：ns1.exmaple.com. IN AAAA 2024:192:168:10::100 解释：将域名ns1.exmaple.com. 映射到 2024:192:168:10::100#IN是Internet(不是IN/OUT的IN) #多域名可映射到同一个IP，多IP不能映射到同一个域名 例如: [root@linux1 named]# cat cetrp.zone $TTL 1D @ IN SOA ns.cetrp.com. root.cetrp.com. ( 0 ; serial 1D ; refresh 1H ; retry 1W ; expire 3H ) ; minimum @ IN NS ns.cetrp.com. ns IN A 192.168.10.100 ns1 IN A 192.168.10.100 //ns1为ns1.cetrp.com. ns2 IN A 192.168.10.100 //ns2为ns2.cetrp.com. [root@linux1 named]# nslookup ns1.cetrp.com Server: 192.168.10.100 Address: 192.168.10.100#53 Name: ns1.cetrp.com Address: 192.168.10.100 [root@linux1 named]# nslookup ns2.cetrp.com Server: 192.168.10.100 Address: 192.168.10.100#53 Name: ns2.cetrp.com Address: 192.168.10.100 [root@linux1 named]# CNAMECNAME（别名）：将多域名映射到同一个域名 示例：sub.cetrp.com. IN CNAME ns.cetrp.com. 解释：将sub.cetrp.com. 映射到 ns.cetrp.com.（可进行多个映射）#当访问sub.cetrp.com 时会从定向到 ns.cetrp.com 例如： [root@linux1 named]# cat cetrp.zone $TTL 1D @ IN SOA ns.cetrp.com. root.cetrp.com. ( 0 ; serial 1D ; refresh 1H ; retry 1W ; expire 3H ) ; minimum @ IN NS ns.cetrp.com. ns IN A 192.168.10.100 sub IN CNAME ns.cetrp.com. //sub为sub.cetrp.com. [root@linux1 named]# nslookup sub.cetrp.com Server: 192.168.10.100 Address: 192.168.10.100#53 sub.cetrp.com canonical name = ns.cetrp.com. Name: ns.cetrp.com Address: 192.168.10.100 [root@linux1 named]# MX记录MX记录（Mail Exchange）：邮件路由记录#用于将邮箱地址@符号后的域名指向邮件服务器([email protected]) 示例：cetrp.com. IN MX 10 mail.cetrp.com. 解释：将域名cetrp.com. 的邮件服务器设为 mail.cetrp.com.优先级为10 例如： [root@linux1 named]# cat cetrp.zone $TTL 1D @ IN SOA ns.cetrp.com. root.cetrp.com. ( 0 ; serial 1D ; refresh 1H ; retry 1W ; expire 3H ) ; minimum @ IN NS ns.cetrp.com. ns IN A 192.168.10.100 @ IN MX 10 mail.cetrp.com. mail IN A 192.168.10.130 [root@linux1 named]# nslookup mail.cetrp.com Server: 192.168.10.100 Address: 192.168.10.100#53 Name: mail.cetrp.com Address: 192.168.10.130 [root@linux1 named]##当[email protected]发邮件时，DNS将信息发给192.168.10.130这个服务器 TXT记录TXT：某个主机名或域名的说明，或者联系方式，或者标注提醒等 示例：ns.cetrp.com. IN TXT "xxxxxxxxx" 解释：对域名ns.cetrp.com. 进行注释 例如： [root@linux1 named]# cat cetrp.zone $TTL 1D @ IN SOA ns.cetrp.com. root.cetrp.com. ( 0 ; serial 1D ; refresh 1H ; retry 1W ; expire 3H ) ; minimum @ IN NS ns.cetrp.com. ns IN A 192.168.10.100 ns IN TXT "this is DNS service" [root@linux1 named]# PTR记录（反向解析）PTR：将一个IP指向域名 示例：192.168.10.100 IN PTR ns.cetrp.com. 解释：将IPV4:192.168.10.100 映射到域名 ns.cetrp.com. 例如： [root@linux1 named]# cat 10.zone $TTL 1D @ IN SOA ns.cetrp.com. root.cetrp.com. ( 0 ; serial 1D ; refresh 1H ; retry 1W ; expire 3H ) ; minimum @ IN NS ns.cetrp.com. 100 IN PTR ns.cetrp.com. //100为192.168.10.100 [root@linux1 named]# nslookup 192.168.10.100 100.10.168.192.in-addr.arpa name = ns.cetrp.com. [root@linux1 named]# |
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