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虾脊兰Calanthe discolor Lindl.
虾脊兰Calanthe discolor Lindl.
别名：九节虫;剑叶虾脊兰;一串纽子;钩距虾脊兰;斑葱;肉连环;铜锤草;一串钮子;硬九子连环草;棕儿羊;九子连环草;铁扣子; 科名：兰科 Orchidaceae 属名：虾脊兰属 Calanthe
《中国植物志》第18卷314页 42.虾脊兰（中国高等植物图鉴） Calanthe discolor Lindl., Sert. Orch. sub t. 9. 1838; et in Bot Reg. 26: t. 55. 1840; Masamune in Sci. Rep. Kanazawa Univ. 9: 136. t. 14 (a-b). 1964; Garay et Sweet, Orch. South. Ryukyu Isl. 117. 1974;中国高等植物图鉴5: 723,图8275. 1976;江苏植物志1: 403. 1977; Ohwi, Fl. Jap. 445. 1978;浙江植物志7: 530. 图7-710. 1993; Z. H. Tsi, S. C. Chen et K. Mori, Wild Orch. China 51, Pl. 55. 1997; 中国兰花全书134.图6-7 (1, 2). 1998. ——Calanthe esquirolei Schltr. in Fedde Repert. Sp. Nov. 12: 108. 1913, et l. c. Beih. 4: 236. 1919; S. Y. Hu. l. c. p. 201. ——Calanthe cheniana Hand. -Mazz. in Oesterr. Bot. Zeitschr. 85: 228. fig. 1. 1936; S. Y. Hu in Quart. J. Taiwan Mus. 25 (3, 4): 200. 1972. 根状茎不甚明显。假鳞茎粗短，近圆锥形，粗约1厘米，具3-4枚鞘和3枚叶。假茎长6-10厘米，粗达2厘米。叶在花期全部未展开，倒卵状长圆形至椭圆状长圆形，长达25厘米，宽4-9厘米，先端急尖或锐尖，基部收狭为长4-9厘米的柄，背面密被短毛。花葶从假茎上端的叶间抽出，长18-30厘米，密被短毛，总状花序长6-8厘米，疏生约10朵花；花苞片宿存，膜质，卵状披针形，长4-7毫米，先端渐尖或急尖，近无毛；花梗和子房长6-13毫米，弧曲，密被短毛，子房棒状；萼片和花瓣褐紫色；中萼片稍斜的椭圆形，长11-13毫米，中部宽6-7毫米，先端急尖，具5条脉，背面中部以下被短毛；侧萼片相似于中萼片；花瓣近长圆形或倒披针形，与萼片等长，或有时稍短，中部宽3.5-5毫米，先端稍钝，基部收狭，具3条脉，两侧的2条常分支，无毛；唇瓣白色，轮廓为扇形，与整个蕊柱翅合生，约等长于萼片，3深裂；侧裂片镰状倒卵形或楔状倒卵形，比中裂片大，先端向中裂片弯曲，基部约一半合生在蕊柱翅的外侧边缘；中裂片倒卵状楔形，先端深凹缺，前端边缘有时具不整齐的齿；唇盘上具3条膜片状褶片；褶片平直，全缘，延伸到中裂片的中部，前端呈三角形隆起；距圆筒形，伸直或稍弯曲，长5-10毫米，向末端变狭，外面疏被短毛；蕊柱长约4毫米，上端扩大，蕊柱翅下延到唇瓣基部；蕊喙2裂；裂片牙齿状三角形，长约0.6毫米，先端急尖；药帽在前端稍收狭，先端近截形；花粉团棒状，长约1.8毫米。花期4-5月。 产浙江（安吉、杭州、临安、遂昌、松阳、龙泉、缙云、泰顺）、江苏（句容宝华山）、福建北部（武夷山）、湖北东南部和西南部（蒲圻、五峰）、广东北部（乳源）和贵州南部（地点不详）。生于海拔780-1500米的常绿阔叶林下。也分布于日本（模式 标本产地）。形态特征：陆生兰。茎不明显。叶近基生，常3枚，倒卵状矩圆形，长20厘米左右，宽4-6厘米，顶端急尖或钝而具短尖，具柄，花葶从初生叶的叶丛中抽出，长30-50厘米；总状花序疏生数朵至10余朵花；花序轴和子房被短柔毛；花苞片膜质，披针形，比花梗 （连子房）短；花开展，花被片第约1.3厘米，紫红色；萼片卵状披针形，顶端锐尖或红尖；花瓣比萼片小，倒卵状匙形或倒卵状披针形；唇瓣与萼片等长，玖瑰色或白色，3深裂；侧裂片斧分 布：、 、繁殖方式：分株习 性：荫生药用部位：全草药用功能：散结解毒 、活血 、舒筋《Flora of China》 Vol. 25 (2009)Calanthe discolor Lindley Sert. Orchid. ad t. 9. 1838. 虾脊兰 xia ji lan Alismorkis discolor (Lindley) Kuntze; Calanthe cheniana Handel-Mazzetti; C. esquirolei Schlechter. Plants 40-65 cm tall. Rhizome inconspicuous. Pseudobulbs subconic, small, ca. 1 cm in diam., with 3 or 4 sheaths. Leaves 3, not well developed at anthesis, not deciduous; blade obovate-oblong to elliptic-oblong, 13-25 × 3-9 cm, abaxially densely puberulent, apex acute; petiole-like base 3-9 cm, usually forming a pseudostem 6-10 cm long and ca. 2 cm in diam. Scapes 1 or 2, arising from leaf axil, 18-30 cm, densely puberulent; rachis 6-8 cm, laxly 6-10-flowered; floral bracts persistent, ovate-lanceolate, 4-7 mm, nearly glabrous. Flowers brownish purple, with white lip; pedicel and ovary 6-13 mm, densely puberulent. Sepals similar, elliptic, slightly oblique, 11-13 × 6-7 mm, abaxially puberulent below middle, 5-veined, apex acute. Petals suboblong or oblanceolate, 11-12 × 3.5-5 mm, glabrous, 3-veined, apex slightly obtuse; lip adnate to entire length of column wings, flabellate in outline, 10-13 × ca. 18 mm, deeply 3-lobed; lateral lobes falcate-obovate or cuneate-obovate, 9-10 × 6-9 mm, larger than mid-lobe, apex truncate-obtuse and incurved toward mid-lobe; mid-lobe obovate-cuneate, 7-8 × ca. 6 mm, apical margin sometimes irregularly dentate, apex emarginate; disk with 3 membranous, triangular lamellae extending to middle of mid-lobe; spur cylindric, 5-10 mm, outside sparsely puberulent, attenuate toward apex. Column ca. 4 mm, dilated at apex, wings decurrent to base of lip; rostellum 2-lobed; lobes ca. 0.6 mm; pollinia clavate, ca. 1.8 mm. Fl. Apr-May. 2n = 40. Evergreen broad-leaved forests; 800-1500 m. Anhui, N Fujian, Guangdong, S Guizhou, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Zhejiang [Japan, Korea].
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