换算系数列表

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换算系数列表

2023-05-05 01:06| 来源: 网络整理| 查看: 265

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此条目给出列于索引内的各个物理量数值转换系数列表。各物理量不同单位的数值以相应的SI术语表示并显示(某些仅有历史意义)。

图例 符号 定义 ≡ 严格等于 ≈ 近似等于 数字 表示数字无限循环(如8.294369表示8.294369369369369…) (H) 过去使用 目录 1 长度 2 面积 3 体积 4 平面角 5 立体角 6 质量 7 密度 8 时间 9 频率 10 速度或速率 11 流量(容积) 12 加速度 13 力 14 压力或机械应力Pressure or mechanical stress 15 Torque or moment of force 16 能量 17 Power or heat flow rate 18 Action 19 Dynamic 黏度 20 Kinematic 黏度 21 电流 22 Electric charge 23 Electric dipole 24 Electromotive force,electric potential difference 25 Electrical resistance 26 电容Capacitance 27 Magnetic flux 28 Magnetic flux density 29 Inductance 30 溫度 31 Information entropy 32 Luminous intensity 33 Luminance 34 Luminous flux 35 Illuminance 36 Radiation - source activity 37 Radiation - exposure 38 Radiation - absorbed dose 39 Radiation - equivalent dose 40 参考文献 长度[编辑] 长度 单位名称 符号 定义 与SI单位的关系 埃 Å ≡ 1 × 10 − 10 {\displaystyle 1\times 10^{-10}} m ≡ 0.1 nm 天文单位 AU ≡ 149597870700 m ≈ 地球与太阳之间的距离 ≡ 149597870700 m [1] Barleycorn(H)   = 1 3 {\displaystyle {\frac {1}{3}}} in(参见上面关于舍入的说明) ≈ 8.4 6 ¯ × 10 − 3 {\displaystyle 8.4{\overline {6}}\times 10^{-3}} m 玻尔,原子长度单位 a0 ≡ 氢的玻尔半径 ≈ 5.291   772   085   9 × 10 − 11 ± 3.6 × 10 − 20 {\displaystyle 5.291\ 772\ 085\ 9\times 10^{-11}\pm 3.6\times 10^{-20}} m[2] 链(英制)(cable length)   ≡ 608 英尺 ≈ 185.3184 m 链(国际)(cable length)   ≡ 1 10 {\displaystyle {\frac {1}{10}}} 海里 ≡ 185.2 m 链(美国)(cable length)   ≡ 720 英尺 =219.456 m 测链(chain) ch ≡ 66英尺(美国) ≡ 4 竿[3] ≈ 7001201168400000000♠20.11684 米 腕尺、肘(cubit)(H)   ≡ 从手指到肘部的距离 ≈ 18 in ≈ 0.5 m 厄爾(H) ell ≡ 45 in [4](通常在英格兰使用) =1.143 m 噚 fm ≡ 6 ft [4] =1.8288 m 飛米 fm ≡ 6985100000000000000♠1×10−15 米[4] ≡ 6985100000000000000♠1×10−15 米 finger(长度单位)   ≡ 7 8 {\displaystyle {\frac {7}{8}}} in =6998222250000000000♠0.022225 米 finger(长度单位)(服装)   ≡ 4 1 2 {\displaystyle 4{\frac {1}{2}}} in =0.1143 m 英尺(Benoît)(H) ft(Ben) ≈ 6999304799735000000♠0.304799735 米 英尺(Cape)(H)   于1859年由法律规定为1.033英国英尺 ≈ 6999314858000000000♠0.314858 米 英尺(Clarke's)(H) ft(Cla) ≈ 6999304797265400000♠0.3047972654 米 英尺(印度)(H) ft Ind ≈ 6999304799514000000♠0.304799514 米 英尺(国际) ft ≡ 0.3048 m ≡ 1 3 {\displaystyle {\frac {1}{3}}} yd ≡ 12 英寸 ≡ 0.3048 m 英尺(Sear's)(H) ft(Sear) ≈ 6999304799470000000♠0.30479947 米 英尺(美国测量) ft(美国) ≡ 1200 3937 {\displaystyle {\frac {1200}{3937}}} m [5] ≈ 6999304800610000000♠0.304800610 米 French 單位;charriere F ≡ 1 3 {\displaystyle {\frac {1}{3}}} mm = 0. 3 ¯ × 10 − 3 {\displaystyle 0.{\overline {3}}\times 10^{-3}} m 浪 fur ≡ 10 测链=660 ft=220 yd [4] =201.168 m hand   ≡ 4 in [4] ≡ 0.1016 m 英寸(国际) in ≡ 2.54 cm ≡ 1 36 {\displaystyle {\frac {1}{36}}} yd ≡ 1 12 {\displaystyle {\frac {1}{12}}} ft ≡ 0.0254 m 里格(land) lea ≡ 3 美制英里 [3] =4828.032 m 光日   ≡ 24 光时 ≡ 7013259020683712000♠2.59020683712×1013 米 光时   ≡ 60 光分 ≡ 7012107925284880000♠1.0792528488×1012 米 光分   ≡ 60 光秒 ≡ 7010179875474800000♠1.798754748×1010 米 光秒   ≡ 光在真空中1秒走过的距离 ≡ 299792458 m 光年 ly ≡ 光在真空中365.25天走过的距离[6] =7015946073047258080♠9.4607304725808×1015 米 line ln ≡ 1 12 {\displaystyle {\frac {1}{12}}} in [7] = 0.002   11 6 ¯ {\displaystyle 0.002\ 11{\overline {6}}} m link(Gunter's;Surveyor's) lnk ≡ 1 100 {\displaystyle {\frac {1}{100}}} ch [4] ≡ 0.66 ft ≡ 7.92 in 测链(chain)上组成链的环节(link),下同 =6999201168000000000♠0.201168 米 link(Ramsden's;Engineer's) lnk ≡ 1 ft [4] =0.3048 m 米(国际单位制基本单位) m ≡ 光在真空中 1 299   792   458 {\displaystyle {\frac {1}{299\ 792\ 458}}} 秒走过的距离[8] ≈ 赤道至南极点或北极点距离的 1 100   000   00 {\displaystyle {\frac {1}{100\ 000\ 00}}} ≡ 1 m mickey   ≡ 1 200 {\displaystyle {\frac {1}{200}}} in =6996127000000000000♠1.27×10−4 米 微米 µ ≡ 6994100000000000000♠1×10−6 米 密耳(mil;thou) mil ≡ 6995254000000000000♠1×10−3 英寸 ≡ 6995254000000000000♠2.54×10−5 米 挪威/瑞典密耳 mil ≡ 10 km =10000 m 地理英里(H) ≡ 6082 ft =1853.7936 m 英里(国际) mi ≡ 80 测链 ≡ 5280 ft ≡ 1760 yd ≡ 1609.344 m 英里(战术或数据) ≡ 6000 ft ≡ 1828.8 m 英里(电报)(H) mi ≡ 6087 ft =1855.3176 m 英里(美国测量) mi ≡ 5280 美国测量英尺 ≡( 5280 × 1200 3937 {\displaystyle 5280\times {\frac {1200}{3937}}} )m ≈ 1609.347219 m nail(服装)   ≡ 2 1 4 {\displaystyle 2{\frac {1}{4}}} in [4] =0.057 15 m 纳米 nm ≡ 6991100000000000000♠1×10−9 米 ≡ 6991100000000000000♠1×10−9 米 海里格(nautical league) NL;nl ≡ 3 nmi [4] =5556 m 海里(Admiralty) NM(Adm);nmi(Adm) =6080 ft =1853.184 m 海里(国际) NM;nmi ≡ 1852 m [9] ≡ 1852 m 海里(美国1954年前) ≡ 1853.248 m ≡ 1853.248 m pace   ≡ 2.5 ft [4] =0.762 m plam   ≡ 3 in [4] =0.0762 m 秒差距 pc 与一个天文单位为一弧秒视差移位的恒星距离 ≈ 3.085   677   82 × 10 16 ± 6 × 10 6 {\displaystyle 3.085\ 677\ 82\times 10^{16}\pm 6\times 10^{6}} m [10] 皮卡、派卡(pica)   ≡ 12 点 由点量度决定。 點(美英)[11][12] pt ≡ 1 72.272 {\displaystyle {\frac {1}{72.272}}} in ≈ 0.000 351 450 m 點(Didot;欧洲)[12][13] pt ≡ 1 12 × 1 72 {\displaystyle {\frac {1}{12}}\times {\frac {1}{72}}} of pied du roi;1878年后:≡ 5 133 {\displaystyle {\frac {5}{133}}} cm ≈ 0.000 375 97 m;1878年后:≈ 0.000 375 939 85 m 點(PostScript)[11] pt ≡ 1 72 {\displaystyle {\frac {1}{72}}} in = 0 , 000   352   7 ¯ {\displaystyle 0,000\ 352\ {\overline {7}}} m 點(TeX)[11] pt ≡ 1 72.27 {\displaystyle {\frac {1}{72.27}}} in = 0.00 0   351   459   8 ¯ {\displaystyle 0.00{\overline {0\ 351\ 459\ 8}}} m quarter   ≡ 1 4 {\displaystyle {\frac {1}{4}}} yd =0.2286 m 杆(rod;pole;perch)(H) rd ≡ 16 1 2 {\displaystyle 16{\frac {1}{2}}} ft =5.0292 m Rope(H) rope ≡ 20 ft [4] =6.096 m span(H)   ≡ 9 in [4] =0.2286 m spat [14] ≡ 1×1012 m stick(H)   ≡ 2 in =0.0508 m stigma;bicron(皮米) pm ≡ 1×10−12 m 缇(twip) twp ≡ 1 1440 {\displaystyle {\frac {1}{1440}}} in = 1.763 8 ¯ × 10 − 5 {\displaystyle 1.763{\overline {8}}\times 10^{-5}} m x unit;siegbahn xu ≈ 1.0021×10−13 m [4] 码(国际) yd ≡ 0.9144 m [5] ≡ 3 ft ≡ 36 in ≡ 0.9144 m 面积[编辑] 面积 单位名称 符号 定义 与SI单位的关系 英亩(国际) ac ≡ 1浪 × 1鏈 =4840 平方碼 ≡ 4 046.856 4224 m2 英亩(美国测量) ac ≡ 10 sq ch=4840 平方碼或43560平方呎 ≈ 4 046.873 m2 [15] 公亩 a ≡ 100 m2 =100 m2 靶恩 b ≡ 10−28 m2 =10−28 m2 barony   ≡ 4000 ac ≈ 1.618 742×107 m2 board bd ≡ 1 in × 1 ft =7.741 92×10−3 m2 boiler horsepower equivalent direct radiation bhp EDR ≡ ( 1   ft 2 ) ( 1   bhp ) ( 240   BTU IT / h ) {\displaystyle {\frac {(1\ {\text{ft}}^{2})(1\ {\text{bhp}})}{(240\ {\text{BTU}}_{\text{IT}}/{\text{h}})}}} ≈ 12.958 174 m2 圆英寸 circ in ≡ π 4 {\displaystyle {\frac {\pi }{4}}} sq in ≈ 5.067 075×10−4 m2 圆密耳 circ mil ≡ π 4 {\displaystyle {\frac {\pi }{4}}} mil2 ≈ 5.067 075×10−10 m2 cord   ≡ 192 bd =1.486 448 64 m2 杜纳亩   ≡ 1 000 m2 =1 000 m2 guntha   ≡ 121 sq yd ≈ 101.17 m2 公顷 ha ≡ 10 000 m2 ≡ 10 000 m2 hide   ≈ 120 ac(variable) ≈ 5×105 m2 rood ro ≡ 1 4 {\displaystyle {\frac {1}{4}}} ac =1 011.714 1056 m2 section ≡ 1 mi × 1 mi =2.589 988 110 336×106 m2 靶恩   ≡ 10−52 m2 =10−52 m2 square(roofing) ≡ 10 ft × 10 ft =9.290 304 m2 平方测链(国际) sq ch ≡ 66 ft × 66 ft=1/10 ac ≡ 404.685 642 24 m2 平方测链(美国测量) sq ch ≡ 66 ft(美国)× 66 ft(美国)= 1 10 {\displaystyle {\frac {1}{10}}} ac ≈ 404.687 3 m2 平方英尺 sq ft ≡ 1 ft × 1 ft ≡ 9.290 304×10−2 m2 平方英尺(美国测量) sq ft ≡ 1 ft(美国)× 1 ft(美国) ≈ 9.290 341 161 327 49×10-2 m2 平方英寸 sq in ≡ 1 in × 1 in ≡ 6.4516×10−4 m2 平方千米 km2 ≡ 1 km × 1 km =106 m2 square link(Gunter's)(国际) sq lnk ≡ 1 lnk × 1 lnk ≡ 0.66 ft × 0.66 ft =4.046 856 4224×10−2 m2 square link(Gunter's)(US Survey) sq lnk ≡ 1 lnk × 1 lnk ≡ 0.66 ft(美国) × 0.66 ft(美国) ≈ 4.046 872×10−2 m2 square link(Ramsden's) sq lnk ≡ 1 lnk × 1 lnk ≡ 1 ft × 1 ft =0.09290304 m2 平方公尺(SI unit) m2 ≡ 1 米 × 1 m =1 m2 平方密尔 sq mil ≡ 1 mil × 1 mil =6.4516×10−10 m2 平方英里 sq mi ≡ 1 mi × 1 mi =2.589 988 110 336×106 m2 平方英里(美国测量) sq mi ≡ 1 mi(美国)× 1 mi(美国) ≈ 2.589 998 47×106 m2 square rod/pole/perch sq rd ≡ 1 rd × 1 rd =25.292 852 64 m2 平方码(国际) sq yd ≡ 1 yd × 1 yd ≡ 0.836 127 36 m2 斯特伦马   ≡ 1 000 m2 =1 000 m2 township   ≡ 36 sq mi(美国) ≈ 9.323 994×107 m2 yardland   ≈ 30 ac ≈ 1.2×105 m2 体积[编辑] 体积 单位 符号 定义 与SI单位的关系 英亩英尺 ac ft ≡ 1 ac x 1 ft=43 560 ft3 =1 233.481 837 547 52 m3 英亩-英寸   ≡ 1 ac × 1 in =102.790 153 128 96 m3 桶(英制) bl(imp) ≡ 36 gal(imp) =0.163 659 24 m3 barrel(petroleum) bl;bbl ≡ 42 gal(美国) =0.158 987 294 928 m3 barrel(US dry) bl(美国) ≡ 105 qt(美国)= 105 32 {\displaystyle {\frac {105}{32}}} bu(US lvl) =0.115 628 198 985 075 m3 barrel(US fluid) fl bl(美国) ≡ 31 1 2 {\displaystyle 31{\frac {1}{2}}} gal(美国) =0.119 240 471 196 m3 板英尺 fbm ≡ 144 cu in ≡ 2.359 737 216×10−3 m3 bucket(英制) bkt ≡ 4 gal(imp) =0.018 184 36 m3 蒲式耳(英制) bu(imp) ≡ 8 gal(imp) =0.036 368 72 m3 bushel(US dry heaped) bu(美国) ≡ 1 1 4 {\displaystyle 1{\frac {1}{4}}} bu(US lvl) =0.044 048 837 7086 m3 bushel(US dry level) bu(US lvl) ≡ 2 150.42 cu in =0.035 239 070 166 88 m3 butt,pipe   ≡ 126 gal(wine) =0.476 961 884 784 m3 coomb   ≡ 4 bu(imp) =0.145 474 88 m3 cord(木材燃料)   ≡ 8 ft × 4 ft × 4 ft =3.624 556 363 776 m3 cord-foot   ≡ 16 cu ft =0.453 069 545 472 m3 立方英寻 cu fm ≡ 1 fm × 1 fm × 1 fm =6.116 438 863 872 m3 立方英尺 cu ft ≡ 1 ft × 1 ft × 1 ft ≡ 0.028 316 846 592 m3 立方英寸 cu in ≡ 1 in × 1 in × 1 in ≡ 16.387 064×10−6 m3 立方米(SI单位) m3 ≡ 1 m × 1 m × 1 m ≡ 1 m3 立方英里 cu mi ≡ 1 mi × 1 mi × 1 mi ≡ 4 168 181 825.440 579 584 m3 立方码 cu yd ≡ 27 cu ft ≡ 0.764 554 857 984 m3 杯(breakfast)   ≡ 10 fl oz(imp) =284.130 625×10−6 m3 杯(加拿大) c(CA) ≡ 8 fl oz(imp) =227.3045×10−6 m3 cup(公制) c ≡ 250.0×10−6 m3 =250.0×10−6 m3 cup(US customary) c(美国) ≡ 8 US fl oz ≡ 1 16 {\displaystyle {\frac {1}{16}}} gal(美国) =236.588 2365×10−6 m3 杯(美国食品营养标签) c(美国) ≡ 240 mL[16] =6996240000000000000♠2.4×10−4 m3 dash(英制)   ≡ 1 384 {\displaystyle {\frac {1}{384}}} gi(imp)= 1 2 {\displaystyle {\frac {1}{2}}} pinch(imp) = 396.961   751   302   08 3 ¯ × 10 − 9 {\displaystyle 396.961\ 751\ 302\ 08{\overline {3}}\times 10^{-9}} m3 dash(美国)   ≡ 1 96 {\displaystyle {\frac {1}{96}}} US fl oz= 1 2 {\displaystyle {\frac {1}{2}}} US pinch =308.057 599 609 375×10−9 m3 dessertspoon(英制)   ≡ 1 12 {\displaystyle {\frac {1}{12}}} gi(imp) = 11.838   776   041 6 ¯ × 10 − 6 {\displaystyle 11.838\ 776\ 041{\overline {6}}\times 10^{-6}} m3 drop(英制) gtt ≡ 1 288 {\displaystyle {\frac {1}{288}}} fl oz(imp) = 98.656   467   013   8 ¯ × 10 − 9 {\displaystyle 98.656\ 467\ 013\ {\overline {8}}\times 10^{-9}} m3 drop(英制)(alt) gtt ≡ 1 1824 {\displaystyle {\frac {1}{1824}}} gi(imp) ≈ 77.886 684×10−9 m3 drop(medical)   ≡ 0.9964 12 {\displaystyle {\frac {0.9964}{12}}} ml = 83.0 3 ¯ × 10 − 9 {\displaystyle 83.0{\overline {3}}\times 10^{-9}} m3 drop(medical)   ≡ 1 12 {\displaystyle {\frac {1}{12}}} ml = 83. 3 ¯ × 10 − 9 {\displaystyle 83.{\overline {3}}\times 10^{-9}} m3 drop(公制)   ≡ 1 20 {\displaystyle {\frac {1}{20}}} mL =50.0×10−9 m3 drop(美国) gtt ≡ 1 360 {\displaystyle {\frac {1}{360}}} US fl oz = 82.148   693   229   16 ¯ × 10 − 9 {\displaystyle 82.148\ 693\ 229\ {\overline {16}}\times 10^{-9}} m3 drop(美国)(alt) gtt ≡ 1 456 {\displaystyle {\frac {1}{456}}} US fl oz ≈ 64.854 231 496 71×10−9 m3 drop(美国)(alt) gtt ≡ 1 576 {\displaystyle {\frac {1}{576}}} US fl oz ≈ 51.342 933 268 23×10−9 m3 fifth   ≡ 1 5 {\displaystyle {\frac {1}{5}}} US gal =757.082 3568×10−6 m3 firkin   ≡ 9 gal(美国) =0.034 068 706 056 m3 打兰(英制) fl dr ≡ 1 8 {\displaystyle {\frac {1}{8}}} fl oz(imp) =3.551 632 8125×10−6 m3 打兰(美国);US fluidram fl dr ≡ 1 8 {\displaystyle {\frac {1}{8}}} US fl oz =3.696 691 195 3125×10−6 m3 吩(英制) fl s ≡ 1 24 {\displaystyle {\frac {1}{24}}} fl oz(imp) = 1.183   877   604   1 6 ¯ × 10 − 6 {\displaystyle 1.183\ 877\ 604\ 1{\overline {6}}\times 10^{-6}} m3 加仑(beer) beer gal ≡ 282 cu in =4.621 152 048×10−3 m3 gallon(英制) gal(imp) ≡ 4.546  09 L ≡ 4.546 09×10−3 m3 gallon(US dry) gal(美国) ≡ 1 8 {\displaystyle {\frac {1}{8}}} bu(US lvl) =4.404 883 770 86×10−3 m3 gallon(US fluid;Wine) gal(美国) ≡ 231 cu in ≡ 3.785 411 784×10−3 m3 鳃(英制);Noggin gi(imp);nog ≡ 5 fl oz(imp) =142.065 3125×10−6 m3 gill(美国) gi(美国) ≡ 4 US fl oz =118.294 118 25×10−6 m3 hogshead(英制) hhd(imp) ≡ 2 bl(imp) =0.327 318 48 m3 hogshead(美国) hhd(美国) ≡ 2 fl bl(美国) =0.238 480 942 392 m3 jigger(bartending)   ≡ 1 1 2 {\displaystyle 1{\frac {1}{2}}} US fl oz ≈ 44.36×10−6 m3 kilderkin   ≡ 18 gal(imp) =0.081 829 62 m3 lambda λ ≡ 1 mm3 =1×10−9 m3 last   ≡ 80 bu(imp) =2.909 4976 m3 公升 L ≡ 1 dm3 [17] ≡ 0.001 m3 load   ≡ 50 cu ft =1.415 842 3296 m3 minim(英制) min ≡ 1 480 {\displaystyle {\frac {1}{480}}} fl oz(imp)= 1 60 {\displaystyle {\frac {1}{60}}} fl dr(imp) =59.193 880 208 3×10−9 m3 minim(美国) min ≡ 1 480 {\displaystyle {\frac {1}{480}}} US fl oz= 1 60 {\displaystyle {\frac {1}{60}}} US fl dr =61.611 519 921 875×10−9 m3 盎司(英制) fl oz(imp) ≡ 1 160 {\displaystyle {\frac {1}{160}}} gal(imp) ≡ 28.413 0625×10−6 m3 盎司(美制) US fl oz ≡ 1 128 {\displaystyle {\frac {1}{128}}} gal(美国) ≡ 29.573 529 5625×10−6 m3 盎司(fluid US food nutrition labeling) US fl oz ≡ 30 mL[16] ≡ 6995300000000000000♠3×10−5 m3 配克(英制) pk ≡ 2 gal(imp) =9.092 18×10−3 m3 peck(US dry) pk ≡ 1 4 {\displaystyle {\frac {1}{4}}} US lvl bu =8.809 767 541 72×10−3 m3 桿 per ≡ 16 1 2 {\displaystyle 16{\frac {1}{2}}} ft × 1 1 2 {\displaystyle 1{\frac {1}{2}}} ft × 1 ft =0.700 841 953 152 m3 pinch(英制)   ≡ 1 192 {\displaystyle {\frac {1}{192}}} gi(imp)= 1 8 {\displaystyle {\frac {1}{8}}} tsp(imp) =739.923 502 60416×10−9 m3 pinch(美国)   ≡ 1 48 {\displaystyle {\frac {1}{48}}} US fl oz= 1 8 {\displaystyle {\frac {1}{8}}} US tsp =616.115 199 218 75×10−9 m3 品脫(英制) pt(imp) ≡ 1 8 {\displaystyle {\frac {1}{8}}} gal(imp) =568.261 25×10−6 m3 pint(US dry) pt(US dry) ≡ 1 64 {\displaystyle {\frac {1}{64}}} bu(US lvl)≡ 1 8 {\displaystyle {\frac {1}{8}}} gal(US dry) =550.610 471 3575×10−6 m3 pint(US fluid) pt(US fl) ≡ 1 8 {\displaystyle {\frac {1}{8}}} gal(美国) =473.176 473×10−6 m3 pony   ≡ 3 4 {\displaystyle {\tfrac {3}{4}}} US fl oz =22.180 147 171 875×10−6 m3 pottle;quartern   ≡ 1 2 {\displaystyle {\frac {1}{2}}} gal(imp)=80 fl oz(imp) =2.273 045×10−3 m3 夸脫(英制) qt(imp) ≡ 1 4 {\displaystyle {\frac {1}{4}}} gal(imp) =1.136 5225×10−3 m3 quart(US dry) qt(美国) ≡ 1 32 {\displaystyle {\frac {1}{32}}} bu(US lvl)= 1 4 {\displaystyle {\frac {1}{4}}} gal(US dry) =1.101 220 942 715×10−3 m3 quart(US fluid) qt(美国) ≡ 1 4 {\displaystyle {\frac {1}{4}}} gal(US fl) =946.352 946×10−6 m3 quarter;pail   ≡ 8 bu(imp) =0.290 949 76 m3 register ton   ≡ 100 cu ft =2.831 684 6592 m3 sack(英制);bag   ≡ 3 bu(imp) =0.109 106 16 m3[來源請求] sack(美国)   ≡ 3 bu(US lvl) =0.105 717 210 500 64 m3 seam   ≡ 8 bu(US lvl) =0.281 912 561 335 04 m3[來源請求] shot   ≡ 1 US fl oz ≈ 29.57×10−6 m3 strike(英制)   ≡ 2 bu(imp) =0.072 737 44 m3 strike(美国)   ≡ 2 bu(US lvl) =0.070 478 140 333 76 m3 tablespoon(Australian metric)   ≡ 20.0×10−6 m3 tablespoon(Canadian) tbsp ≡ 1 2 {\displaystyle {\frac {1}{2}}} fl oz(imp) =14.206 531 25×10−6 m3 tablespoon(英制) tbsp ≡ 5 8 {\displaystyle {\frac {5}{8}}} fl oz(imp) =17.758 164 0625×10−6 m3 tablespoon(公制)   ≡ 15.0×10−6 m3 tablespoon(US customary) tbsp ≡ 1 2 {\displaystyle {\frac {1}{2}}} US fl oz =14.786 764 7825×10−6 m3 tablespoon(US food nutrition labeling) tbsp ≡ 15 mL[16] =6995150000000000000♠1.5×10−5 m3 茶匙(Canadian) tsp ≡ 1 16 {\displaystyle {\frac {1}{16}}} fl oz(imp) =4.735 510 416×10−6 m3 teaspoon(英制) tsp ≡ 1 24 {\displaystyle {\frac {1}{24}}} gi(imp) =5.919 388 02083×10−6 m3 teaspoon(公制)   ≡ 5.0×10−6 m3 =5.0×10−6 m3 teaspoon(US customary) tsp ≡ 1 6 {\displaystyle {\frac {1}{6}}} US fl oz =4.928 921 595×10−6 m3 teaspoon(US food nutrition labeling) tsp ≡ 5 mL[16] =6994499999999999999♠5×10−6 m3 立方英尺   ≡ 1 cu ft =0.028 316 846 592 m3 英噸(displacement)   ≡ 35 cu ft =0.991 089 630 72 m3 ton(freight)   ≡ 40 cu ft =1.132 673 863 68 m3 ton(water)   ≡ 28 bu(imp) =1.018 324 16 m3 英噸   ≡ 252 gal(wine) =0.953 923 769 568 m3 wey(美国)   ≡ 40 bu(US lvl) =1.409 562 806 6752 m3 平面角[编辑] 角部 单位名称 符号 定义 与SI单位的关系 角密耳 µ ≡ 2 π 6400 {\displaystyle {\frac {2\pi }{6400}}} rad ≈ 0.981 748×10-3 rad 弧分;MOA ' ≡ 1 ∘ 60 {\displaystyle {\frac {1^{\circ }}{60}}} ≈ 0.290 888×10-3 rad 弧秒 " ≡ 1 ∘ 3600 {\displaystyle {\frac {1^{\circ }}{3600}}} ≈ 4.848 137×10-6 rad centesimal minute of arc ' ≡ 1 梯度/100 ≈ 0.157 080×10-3 rad centesimal second of arc " ≡ 1 梯度/(10 000) ≈ 1.570 796×10-6 rad 度 ° ≡ 1 360 {\displaystyle {\frac {1}{360}}} 圆周 ≡ π 180 {\displaystyle {\frac {\pi }{180}}} rad ≈ 17.453 293×10-3 rad 梯度;gradian;gon grad ≡ 1 400 {\displaystyle {\frac {1}{400}}} 圆周 ≡ 2 π 400 {\displaystyle {\frac {2\pi }{400}}} rad ≡ 0.9° ≈ 15.707 963×10-3 rad 八分之一圆   ≡ 45° ≈ 0.785 398 rad 象限   ≡ 90° ≈ 1.570 796 rad 弧度(SI单位) rad The angle subtended at the center of a circle by an arc whose length is equal to the circle's radius. One full revolution encompasses 2π radians. =1 rad 六分之一圆   ≡ 60° ≈ 1.047 198 rad sign   ≡ 30° ≈ 0.523 599 rad 立体角[编辑] 立体角 单位名称 符号 定义 与SI的关系 球面度(SI单位) sr 立体角 subtended at the center of a sphere of radius r by a portion of the surface of the sphere having an area r2. A sphere encompasses 4π sr.[14] =1 sr 质量[编辑]

Notes:

查看重量条目以获取关于质量/重量的区别和换算方法。 常衡 is a system of mass based on a pound of 16 ounces,while Troy weight is the system of mass where 12 troy ounces equals one troy pound. In this table,the unit gee is used to denote 標準重力 in order to avoid confusion with the "g" symbol for grams. 在物理学中,the 磅 is sometimes written lbm to distinguish it from the 磅力(lbf). It should not be read as the mongrel unit "pound metre". 质量 单位名称 符号 定义 与SI单位的关系 牛股(cowton) ctn 0.9487t=1 ctn 原子质量单位 u;AMU ≈ 1.660 538 73×10−27 ± 1.3×10−36 kg 原子单位制,电子 rest mass me ≈ 9.109 382 15×10−31 ± 45×10−39 kg [18] bag(咖啡)   ≡ 60 kg =60 kg bag(波特蘭水泥)   ≡ 94 lb av =42.637 682 78 kg barge   ≡ 22 1 2 {\displaystyle 22{\frac {1}{2}}} sh tn =20 411.656 65 kg 克拉 kt ≡ 3 1 6 {\displaystyle 3{\frac {1}{6}}} gr ≈ 205.196 548 333 mg 克拉(公制) ct ≡ 200 mg =200 mg clove   ≡ 8 lb av =3.628 738 96 kg crith   ≈ 89.9349 mg dalton Da ≈ 1.660 902 10×10−27 ± 1.3×10−36 kg 打兰(apothecary;金衡制) dr t ≡ 60 gr =3.887 9346 g 常衡(avoirdupois) dr av ≡ 22 11 32 {\displaystyle 22{\frac {11}{32}}} gr =1.771 845 195 3125 g 電子伏特 eV ≡ 1 eV(energy unit)/c2 =1.7826×10-36 kg gamma γ ≡ 1 μg =1 μg 格令 gr ≡ 1 7000 {\displaystyle {\frac {1}{7000}}} lb av ≡ 64.798 91 mg grave G grave 是千克的原名 ≡ 1 kg 英担(长) long cwt or cwt ≡ 112 lb av =50.802 345 44 kg 英担(短)、百磅 sh cwt ≡ 100 lb av =45.359 237 kg 千克 kg ≡ mass of the prototype near Paris(≈ mass of 1L of water) ≡ 1 kg(国际单位制基本单位)[8] kip kip ≡ 1000 lb av =453.592 37 kg mark   ≡ 8 oz t =248.827 8144 g mite   ≡ 1 20 {\displaystyle {\frac {1}{20}}} gr =3.239 9455 mg mite(公制)   ≡ 1 20 {\displaystyle {\frac {1}{20}}} g =50 mg 金衡盎司 oz t ≡ 1 12 {\displaystyle {\frac {1}{12}}} lb t =31.103 4768 g 常衡盎司 oz av ≡ 1 16 {\displaystyle {\frac {1}{16}}} lb =28.349 523 125 g 盎司(美国食品标签) oz ≡ 28 g[16] =28 g 英钱 dwt;pwt ≡ 1 20 {\displaystyle {\frac {1}{20}}} oz t =1.555 173 84 g point   ≡ 1 100 {\displaystyle {\frac {1}{100}}} ct =2 mg 磅 lb ≡ slug·ft/s2 =0.45359237 kg 常衡磅 lb av ≡ 0.453 592 37 kg=7000 grains ≡ 0.453 592 37 kg 公制磅   ≡ 500 g =500 g 金衡磅 lb t ≡ 5 760 grains =0.373 241 7216 kg quarter(英制)   ≡ 1 4 {\displaystyle {\frac {1}{4}}} long cwt=2 st=28 lb av =12.700 586 36 kg quarter(非正式)   ≡ 1 4 {\displaystyle {\frac {1}{4}}} short tn =226.796 185 kg quarter,long(非正式)   ≡ 1 4 {\displaystyle {\frac {1}{4}}} long tn =254.011 7272 kg quintal(公制) q ≡ 100 kg =100 kg scruple(apothecary) s ap ≡ 20 gr =1.295 9782 g sheet   ≡ 1 700 {\displaystyle {\frac {1}{700}}} lb av =647.9891 mg 斯勒格;geepound;hyl slug ≡ 1 gee × 1 lb av × 1 s2/ft ≈ 14.593 903 kg 英石 st ≡ 14 lb av =6.350 293 18 kg 英噸(long) AT ≡ 1 mg × 1 long tn ÷ 1 oz t ≈ 32.666 667 g 英噸(short) AT ≡ 1 mg × 1 sh tn ÷ 1 oz t ≈ 29.166 667 g 长吨 long tn or ton ≡ 2 240 lb =1 016.046 9088 kg 短吨 sh tn ≡ 2 000 lb =907.184 74 kg 公噸(米-吨-秒制 unit) t ≡ 1 000 kg =1 000 kg wey   ≡ 252 lb=18 st =114.305 277 24 kg(variants exist) Zentner Ztr. Definitions vary;see [19] and.[14] 密度[编辑] 密度 单位名称 符号 定义 与SI单位的关系 克每毫升 g/mL ≡ g/mL =7003100000000000000♠1000 kg/m3 千克每立方米(SI单位) kg/m3 ≡ kg/m3 =1 kg/m3 千克每升 kg/L ≡ kg/L =7003100000000000000♠1000 kg/m3 盎司(avoirdupois)每立方英尺 oz/ft3 ≡ oz/ft3 ≈ 7000100115396100000♠1.001153961 kg/m3 盎司(avoirdupois)每立方英寸 oz/in3 ≡ oz/in3 ≈ 7003172999404399999♠1.729994044×103 kg/m3 盎司(avoirdupois)每加仑(英制) oz/gal ≡ oz/gal ≈ 7000623602329100000♠6.236023291 kg/m3 盎司(avoirdupois)每加仑(美国容积) oz/gal ≡ oz/gal ≈ 7000748915170700000♠7.489151707 kg/m3 磅(avoirdupois)每立方英尺 lb/ft3 ≡ lb/ft3 ≈ 7001160184633700000♠16.01846337 kg/m3 磅(avoirdupois)每立方英寸 lb/in3 ≡ lb/in3 ≈ 7004276799047100000♠2.767990471×104 kg/m3 磅(avoirdupois)每加仑(英制) lb/gal ≡ lb/gal ≈ 7001997763726600000♠99.77637266 kg/m3 磅(avoirdupois)每加仑(美国容积) lb/gal ≡ lb/gal ≈ 7002119826427300000♠119.8264273 kg/m3 斯勒格 per cubic foot slug/ft3 ≡ slug/ft3 ≈ 7002515378818400000♠515.3788184 kg/m3 时间[编辑] 时间 单位名称 符号 定义 与SI单位的关系 原子单位制 au ≡ 玻尔半径/(精细结构常数·c) ≈ 2.418 884 254×10−17 s 蔀   ≡指回歸年與朔望月與太陽日的最短循環=76年 =2.398 3776×109 s 世纪 c ≡ 100 a(参见下方年的长度定义) =100 年 日部(天) d =24 h =1440 min=86400 s 恒星日 d ≡ 是地球上某點對某個恆星連續兩次經過其上中天的時間間隔(國際天球參考框架) ≈ 86 164.1 s 年代 dec ≡ 10 a(see below for definition of year length) =10 年 fortnight fn ≡ 2 周 =1 209 600 s helek(希伯來曆) ≡ 1 1080 {\displaystyle {\frac {1}{1080}}} h =3.3 s Hipparchic cycle   ≡ 4 Callippic cycles - 1 d =9.593 424×109 s 小时 h ≡ 60 min =3 600 s Jiffy j ≡ 1 60 {\displaystyle {\frac {1}{60}}} s =.016 s jiffy(alternate) ja ≡ 1 100 {\displaystyle {\frac {1}{100}}} s =10 ms 刻(钟)(四分之一小时)   ≡ 1 4 {\displaystyle {\frac {1}{4}}} h= 1 96 {\displaystyle {\frac {1}{96}}} d = 60 × 60 4 {\displaystyle 60\times {\frac {60}{4}}} s=900 s= 60 4 {\displaystyle {\frac {60}{4}}} min=15 min 刻(钟)(旧制)(traditional)   ≡ 1 100 {\displaystyle {\frac {1}{100}}} d = 24 × 60 × 60 100 {\displaystyle 24\times 60\times {\frac {60}{100}}} s=864 s= 24 × 60 100 {\displaystyle 24\times {\frac {60}{100}}} min=14.4 min lustre;lustrum   ≡ 5 a of 365 d =1.5768×108 s 章   ≡ 110 mo(hollow)+ 125 mo(full)=6940 d ≈ 19 a =5.996 16×108 s 千年   ≡ 1 000 a(see below for definition of year length) =1000 年 beat md ≡ 1 1000 {\displaystyle {\frac {1}{1000}}} d = 24 × 60 × 60 1000 {\displaystyle 24\times 60\times {\frac {60}{1000}}} s=86.4 s 分钟 min ≡ 60 s,due to 闰秒s sometimes 59 s or 61 s, =60 s 时刻   ≡ 90 s =90 s 月部(full) mo ≡ 30 d[20] =2 592 000 s 月(Greg. av.) mo Average Gregorian month=1 a(Gregorian average)/12=365.242 5 d/12=30.436 875 d ≈ 2.6297×106 s 月(hollow) mo ≡ 29 d[20] =2 505 600 s 朔望月 mo Cycle time of moon phases ≈ 29.530 589 d(Average) ≈ 2.551×106 s octaeteris   =48 mo(full)+ 48 mo(hollow)+ 3 mo(full)[21][22]=8 a of 365.25 d=2922 d =2.524 608×108 s 普朗克單位制   ≡(万有引力常数普朗克常数/光速5)½ ≈ 1.351 211 868×10−43 s 秒 s 銫133原子基態的兩個超精細能階間躍遷對應輻射的9,192,631,770週期的持續時間[8](but other seconds are sometimes used in astronomy) (国际单位制基本单位) shake   ≡ 10−8 s =10 ns sigma   ≡ 10−6 s =1 μs Sothic cycle   ≡ 1 461 a of 365 d =4.607 4096×1010 s 斯韋德貝里 S ≡ 10−13 s =100 fs 周 wk ≡ 7 d = 168 h=10 080 min=604 800 s 年(公历) a,y,or yr =365.2425 d average,calculated from common years(365 d)plus leap years(366 d)on most years divisible by 4. See 闰年 for details. =31 556 952 s 年(儒略历) a,y,or yr =365.25 d average,calculated from common years(365 d)plus one leap year(366 d)every four years =31 557 600 s 恒星年 a,y,or yr ≡ time taken for Sun to return to the same position with respect to the stars of the celestial sphere ≈ 365.256 363 d ≈ 31 558 149.7632 s 回归年 a,y,or yr ≡ Length of time it takes for the Sun to return to the same position in the cycle of seasons ≈ 365.242 190 d ≈ 31 556 925 s 旬 =10 d Where 协调世界时 is observed,the length of time units longer than 1 s may increase or decrease by 1 s if a 闰秒 occurs during the time interval of interest. 频率[编辑] 频率 单位名称 符号 定义 与SI单位的关系 赫兹(SI unit) Hz ≡ Number of cycles per second =1 Hz=1/s 每分钟转数 rpm ≡ One unit rpm equals one rotation completed around a fixed axis in one minute of time. ≈ 6999104719755000000♠0.104719755 rad/s 速度或速率[编辑] 速度 单位名称 符号 定义 与SI单位的关系 英尺每小时 fph ≡ 1 ft/h ≈ 8.466 667×10−5 m/s 英尺每分钟 fpm ≡ 1 ft/min =5.08×10−3 m/s 英尺每秒 fps ≡ 1 ft/s =3.048×10−1 m/s 浪 per fortnight   ≡ furlong/fortnight ≈ 1.663 095×10−4 m/s 英寸每小时 iph ≡ 1 in/hr ≈ 7.05 556×10−6 m/s 英寸每分钟 ipm ≡ 1 in/min ≈ 4.23 333×10−4 m/s 英寸每秒 ips ≡ 1 in/s =2.54×10−2 m/s 千米每小时 km/h ≡ 1 km/h = 1 3.6 {\displaystyle {\frac {1}{3.6}}} m/s ≈ 2.777 778×10−1 m/s 节 kn,kt ≡ 1 海里/h=1.852 km/h ≈ 0.514 444 m/s 节(Admiralty) kn ≡ 1 NM(Adm)/h=1.853 184 km/h [來源請求] =0.514 773 m/s 马赫 M Ratio of the speed to the speed of sound in the medium. Varies especially with temperature. About 1225 km/h(761 mph)in air at sea level to about 1062 km/h(660 mph)at jet altitudes(12,200米(40,000英尺)).[23] Unitless ≈ 340 to 295 m/s for aircraft 米每秒(SI unit) m/s ≡ 1 m/s =1 m/s 英里每小时 mph ≡ 1 mi/h =0.447 04 m/s 英里每分钟 mpm ≡ 1 mi/min =26.8224 m/s 英里每秒 mps ≡ 1 mi/s =1 609.344 m/s 真空光速 c ≡ 299 792 458 m/s =299 792 458 m/s 空气音速 s Varies especially with temperature. About 1225 km/h(761 mph)in air at sea level to about 1062 km/h(660 mph)at jet altitudes. ≈ 340 to 295 m/s at aircraft altitudes

A 速度 consists of a speed combined with a direction;the speed part of the velocity takes units of speed.

流量(容积)[编辑] 流量 单位名称 符号 定义 与SI单位的关系 立方英尺每分钟 CFM[來源請求] ≡ 1 ft3/min =6996471947443200000♠4.719474432×10−4 m3/s 立方英尺每秒 ft3/s ≡ 1 ft3/s =6998283168465920000♠0.028316846592 m3/s 立方英寸每分钟 in3/min ≡ 1 in3/min =7000273117700000000♠2.7311773×10-7 m3/s 立方英寸每秒 in3/s ≡ 1 in3/s =6995163870640000000♠1.6387064×10−5 m3/s 立方米每秒(SI单位) m3/s ≡ 1 m3/s =1 m3/s 加仑(美国容积)每日 GPD[來源請求] ≡ 1 gal/d =7000438126363000000♠4.381263638×10-8 m3/s 加仑(美国容积)每小时 GPH[來源請求] ≡ 1 gal/h =7000105150327000000♠1.051503273×10-6 m3/s 加仑(美国容积)每分钟 GPM[來源請求] ≡ 1 gal/min =6995630901964000000♠6.30901964×10−5 m3/s 升每分钟 LPM[來源請求] ≡ 1 L/min =1.6×10-5 m3/s 加速度[编辑] 加速度 Name of unit Symbol Definition Relation to SI units 英尺 per 小时 per 秒 fph/s ≡ 1 ft/(h·s) ≈ 8.466 667×10−5 m/s2 英尺 per 分钟 per 秒 fpm/s ≡ 1 ft/(min·s) =5.08×10−3 m/s2 英尺每二次方秒 fps2 ≡ 1 ft/s2 =3.048×10−1 m/s2 伽利略;galileo Gal ≡ 1 cm/s2 =10−2 m/s2 英寸 per 分钟 per 秒 ipm/s ≡ 1 in/(min·s) ≈ 4.233 333×10−4 m/s2 英寸每二次方秒 ips2 ≡ 1 in/s2 =2.54×10−2 m/s2 节 per 秒 kn/s ≡ 1 kn/s ≈ 5.144 444×10−1 m/s2 米每二次方秒(SI) m/s2 ≡ 1 m/s2 =1 m/s2 英里 per 小时 per 秒 mph/s ≡ 1 mi/(h·s) =4.4704×10−1 m/s2 英里 per 分钟 per 秒 mpm/s ≡ 1 mi/(min·s) =26.8224 m/s2 英里每二次方秒 mps2 ≡ 1 mi/s2 =1.609 344×103 m/s2 標準重力 g ≡ 9.806 65 m/s2 =9.806 65 m/s2 力[编辑] 力部 Name of unit Symbol Definition Relation to SI units 原子单位制 ≡ me·精细结构常数2·光速2/玻尔半径 ≈ 8.238 722 06×10−8 N [24] 达因(厘米-克-秒制) dyn ≡ g·cm/s2 =10−5 N 千克力;kilopond;grave-force kgf;kp;Gf ≡ g × 1 {\displaystyle g\times 1} kg =9.806 65 N kip;kip-force kip;kipf;klbf ≡ g × 1000 {\displaystyle g\times 1000} lb =4.448 221 615 2605×103 N milligrave-force,gravet-force mGf;gf ≡ '標準重力' × 1 g =9.806 65 mN 牛顿(SI单位) N A force capable of giving a mass of one kg an acceleration of one metre per second,per second.[25] =1 N=1 kg·m/s2 磅力 ozf ≡ g × 1 {\displaystyle g\times 1} oz =0.278 013 850 953 7812 N 磅力 lbf ≡ g × 1 {\displaystyle g\times 1} lb =4.448 221 615 2605 N poundal pdl ≡ 1 lb·ft/s2 =0.138 254 954 376 N sthene(米-吨-秒制 unit) sn ≡ 1 t·m/s2 =1×103 N 英噸-force tnf ≡ g × 1 {\displaystyle g\times 1} sh tn =8.896 443 230 521×103 N

See also:重量

压力或机械应力Pressure or mechanical stress[编辑] 压强 Name of unit单位名称 Symbol符号 Definition定義 Relation to SI units与SI单位的换算 標準大氣壓 atm ≡ 101 325 Pa [26] 工程大氣壓 at ≡ 1 kgf/cm2 =9.806 65×104 Pa [26] 巴 bar ≡ 105 Pa 毫巴 mbar =10-3 Bar barye(厘米-克-秒制)   ≡ 1 dyn/cm2 =0.1 Pa 厘米汞柱(4 °C/39.2 °F) cmHg ≡ 13 595.1 kg/m3 × 1 cm × g ≈ 1.333 22×103 Pa [26] 厘米水柱(4 °C/39.2 °F) cmH2O ≈ 999.972 kg/m3 × 1 cm × g ≈ 98.063 8 Pa [26] 英尺汞柱(4 °C/39.2 °F) ftHg ≡ 13 595.1 kg/m3 × 1 ft × g ≈ 40.636 66×103 Pa [26] 英尺水柱(4 °C/39.2 °F) ftH2O ≈ 999.972 kg/m3 × 1 ft × g ≈ 2.988 98×103 Pa [26] 英寸汞柱(4 °C/39.2 °F) inHg ≡ 13 595.1 kg/m3 × 1 in × g ≈ 3.386 389×103 Pa [26] 英寸水柱(4 °C/39.2 °F) inH2O ≈ 999.972 kg/m3 × 1 in × g ≈ 249.082 Pa [26] 公斤力每平方毫米 kgf/mm2 ≡ 1 kgf/mm2 =9.806 65×106 Pa [26] kip per square 英寸 ksi ≡ 1 kipf/sq in ≈ 6.894 757×106 Pa [26] 微米汞柱(4 °C/39.2 °F) μ {\displaystyle \mu } mHg ≡ 13 595.1 kg/m3 × 1 μ {\displaystyle \mu } m × g ≈ 0.001 torr ≈ 0.133 322 4 Pa [26] 毫米汞柱(4 °C/39.2 °F) 毫米汞柱 ≡ 13 595.1 kg/m3 × 1 mm × g ≈ 1 torr ≈ 133.3224 Pa [26] 毫米水柱(4 °C/39.2 °F) mmH2O ≈ 999.972 kg/m3 × 1 mm × g=0.999 972 kgf/m2 =9.806 38 Pa 帕斯卡(SI unit) Pa ≡ N/m2=kg/(m·s2) =1 Pa [27] pièze(米-吨-秒制 unit) pz ≡ 1 000 kg/m·s2 =1×103 Pa=1 kPa 磅力每平方英尺 psf ≡ 1 lbf/ft2 ≈ 47.880 26 Pa [26] 磅力每平方英寸 psi ≡ 1 lbf/in2 ≈ 6.894 757×103 Pa [26] poundal per square 英尺 pdl/sq ft ≡ 1 pdl/sq ft ≈ 1.488 164 Pa [26] short 英噸 per square 英尺   ≡ 1 sh tn × g 1 {\displaystyle \times {\frac {g}{1}}} sq ft ≈ 95.760 518×103 Pa 托 torr ≡ 101 325 760 {\displaystyle 101{\frac {325}{760}}} Pa ≈ 133.322 4 Pa [26] Torque or moment of force[编辑] 力矩 单位名称 符号 定义 与SI单位的关系 英尺磅 ft lbf ≡ g × 1 {\displaystyle g\times 1} lb × 1 ft =1.355 817 948 331 4004 N·m 英尺-poundal ft pdl ≡ 1 lb·ft2/s2 =4.214 011 009 380 48×10−2 N·m inch-pound force in lbf ≡ g × 1 {\displaystyle g\times 1} lb × 1 in =0.112 984 829 027 6167 N·m 米·千克 m kg ≡ N × m/g ≈ 0.101 971 621 N·m 牛·米(SI单位) N·m ≡ N × m=kg·m2/s2 =1 N·m 能量[编辑] 能量 单位名称 符号 定义 与SI单位的关系 barrel of oil equivalent bboe ≈ 5.8×106 BTU59 °F ≈ 6.12×109 J British thermal unit(ISO) BTUISO ≡ 1.0545×103 J =1.0545×103 J British thermal unit(International Table) BTUIT =1.055 055 852 62×103 J British thermal unit(mean) BTUmean ≈ 1.055 87×103 J British thermal unit(thermochemical) BTUth ≈ 1.054 350×103 J British thermal unit(39 °F) BTU39 °F ≈ 1.059 67×103 J British thermal unit(59 °F) BTU59 °F ≡ 1.054 804×103 J =1.054 804×103 J British thermal unit(60 °F) BTU60 °F ≈ 1.054 68×103 J British thermal unit(63 °F) BTU63 °F ≈ 1.0546×103 J 卡路里(International Table) calIT ≡ 4.1868 J =4.1868 J calorie(mean) calmean 1⁄100 of the energy required to warm one gram of air-free water from 0 °C to 100 °C @ 1 atm ≈ 4.190 02 J calorie(thermochemical) calth ≡ 4.184 J =4.184 J 卡路里(3.98 °C) cal3.98 °C ≈ 4.2045 J 卡路里(15 °C) cal15 °C ≡ 4.1855 J =4.1855 J 卡路里(20 °C) cal20 °C ≈ 4.1819 J 摄氏度 heat unit(International Table) CHUIT ≡ 1 BTUIT × 1 K/°R =1.899 100 534 716×103 J cubic centimetre of 标准大气压;standard cubic centimetre cc atm;scc ≡ 1 atm × 1 cm3 =0.101 325 J cubic 英尺 of atmosphere;standard cubic foot cu ft atm;scf ≡ 1 atm × 1 ft3 =2.869 204 480 9344×103 J cubic foot of natural gas   ≡ 1 000 BTUIT =1.055 055 852 62×106 J cubic 码 of atmosphere;standard cubic yard cu yd atm;scy ≡ 1 atm × 1 yd3 =77.468 520 985 2288×103 J 電子伏特 eV ≡ 基本电荷 × 1 V ≈ 1.602 177 33×10−19 ± 4.9×10-26 J 爾格(厘米-克-秒制) erg ≡ 1 g·cm2/s2 =10−7 J 英尺磅 ft lbf ≡ g × 1 lb × 1 ft =1.355 817 948 331 4004 J foot-poundal ft pdl ≡ 1 lb·ft2/s2 =4.214 011 009 380 48×10−2 J 加仑-atmosphere(英制) imp gal atm ≡ 1 atm × 1 gal(imp) =460.632 569 25 J gallon-atmosphere(美国) US gal atm ≡ 1 atm × 1 gal(美国) =383.556 849 0138 J 哈特里能量,原子单位制 Eh ≡ me·精细结构常数2·光速2(=2 Ry) ≈ 4.359 744×10−18 J horsepower-hour hp·h ≡ 1 hp × 1 h =2.684 519 537 696 172 792×106 J inch-pound force in lbf ≡ g × 1 lb × 1 in =0.112 984 829 027 6167 J 焦耳(SI unit) J The work done when a force of one newton moves the point of its application a distance of one metre in the direction of the force.[25] =1 J=1 m·N=1 kg·m2/s2=1 C·V=1 W·s 千卡、大卡 kcal;Cal ≡ 1 000 calIT =4.1868×103 J 千瓦·時;Board of Trade Unit kW·h;B.O.T.U. ≡ 1 kW × 1 h =3.6×106 J 公升-标准大气压 l atm;sl ≡ 1 atm × 1 L =101.325 J quad   ≡ 1015 BTUIT =1.055 055 852 62×1018 J 约翰内斯·里德伯 Ry ≡ 里德伯常量·ℎ·光速 ≈ 2.179 872×10−18 J therm(E.C.)   ≡ 100 000 BTUIT =105.505 585 262×106 J therm(美国)   ≡ 100 000 BTU59 °F =105.4804×106 J thermie th ≡ 1 McalIT =4.1868×106 J ton of coal equivalent TCE ≡ 7 Gcalth =29.3076×109 J ton of oil equivalent TOE ≡ 10 Gcalth =41.868×109 J 英噸 of 三硝基甲苯 tTNT ≡ 1 Gcalth =4.184×109 J Power or heat flow rate[编辑] 功率 单位名称 符号 定义 与SI单位的关系 标准大气压-cubic centimetre per 分钟 atm ccm ≡ 1 atm × 1 cm3/min =1.688 75×10−3 W atmosphere-cubic centimetre per 秒 atm ccs ≡ 1 atm × 1 cm3/s =0.101 325 W atmosphere-cubic 英尺 per 小时 atm cfh ≡ 1 atm × 1 cu ft/h =0.797 001 244 704 W atmosphere-cubic foot per minute atm·cfm ≡ 1 atm × 1 cu ft/min =47.820 074 682 24 W atmosphere-cubic foot per second atm cfs ≡ 1 atm × 1 cu ft/s =2.869 204 480 9344×103 W 英热单位(International Table)per hour BTUIT/h ≡ 1 BTUIT/h ≈ 0.293 071 W BTU(International Table)per minute BTUIT/min ≡ 1 BTUIT/min ≈ 17.584 264 W BTU(International Table)per second BTUIT/s ≡ 1 BTUIT/s =1.055 055 852 62×103 W 卡路里(International Table)per second calIT/s ≡ 1 calIT/s =4.1868 W erg per second erg/s ≡ 1 erg/s =10−7 W foot-磅力 per hour ft lbf/h ≡ 1 ft lbf/h ≈ 3.766 161×10−4 W foot-pound-force per minute ft lbf/min ≡ 1 ft lbf/min =2.259 696 580 552 334×10−2 W foot-pound-force per second ft lbf/s ≡ 1 ft lbf/s =1.355 817 948 331 4004 W 公制馬力(boiler) bhp ≈ 34.5 lb/h × 970.3 BTUIT/lb ≈ 9.810 657×103 W horsepower(European electrical) hp ≡ 75 kp·m/s =736 W horsepower(imperial electrical) hp ≡ 746 W =746 W horsepower(imperial mechanical) hp ≡ 550 ft lbf/s =745.699 871 582 270 22 W horsepower(公制) hp ≡ 75 m kgf/s =735.498 75 W 公升-atmosphere per minute L·atm/min ≡ 1 atm × 1 L/min =1.688 75 W litre-atmosphere per second L·atm/s ≡ 1 atm × 1 L/s =101.325 W lusec lusec ≡ 1 L·µmHg/s [14] ≈ 1.333×10−4 W 彭赛列 p ≡ 100 m kgf/s =980.665 W square foot equivalent direct radiation sq ft EDR ≡ 240 BTUIT/h ≈ 70.337 057 W 英噸 of air conditioning   ≡ 2000 lbs of ice melted/24 h ≈ 3 504 W ton of refrigeration(英制)   ≡ 2240 lb × iceIT/24 h:iceIT=144°F × 2326 J/kg.°F ≈ 3.938 875×103 W ton of refrigeration(IT)   ≡ 200 lbs × iceIT/24 h:iceIT=144° × 2326 J/kg.°F ≈ 3.516 853×103 W 瓦特(SI unit) W The power which in one second of time gives rise to one joule of energy.[25] =1 W=1 J/s=1 N·m/s=1 kg·m2/s3 Action[编辑] Action Name of unit Symbol Definition Relation to SI units 作用量 au ≡ 普朗克常数 ≡ ℎ/2圓周率 ≈ 1.054 571 68×10−34 J·s[28] Dynamic 黏度[编辑] Dynamic 黏度 单位名称 符号 定义 与SI单位的关系 黏度(SI unit) Pa·s ≡ N·s/m2,kg/(m·s) =1 Pa·s poise(厘米-克-秒制) P ≡ 1 barye·s =0.1 Pa·s pound per foot hour lb/(ft·h) ≡ 1 lb/(ft·h) ≈ 4.133 789×10-4 Pa·s pound per foot second lb/(ft·s) ≡ 1 lb/(ft·s) ≈ 7000148816400000000♠1.488164 Pa·s pound-force second per square foot lbf·s/ft2 ≡ 1 lbf·s/ft2 ≈ 7001478802600000000♠47.88026 Pa·s pound-force second per square inch lbf·s/in2 ≡ 1 lbf·s/in2 ≈ 7003689475700000000♠6894.757 Pa·s Kinematic 黏度[编辑] Kinematic 黏度 单位名称 符号 定义 与SI单位的关系 square foot per second ft2/s ≡ 1 ft2/s =6998929030400000000♠0.09290304 m2/s square metre per second(SI unit) m2/s ≡ 1 m2/s =1 m2/s stokes(厘米-克-秒制) St ≡ 10−4 m2/s =10−4 m2/s 电流[编辑] 电流 单位名称 符号 定义 与SI单位的关系 安培(国际单位制基本单位) A ≡ The constant current needed to produce a force of 2 ×10-7 newton per metre between two straight parallel conductors of infinite length and negligible circular cross-section placed one metre apart in a vacuum.[8] =1 A 厘米-克-秒制;abampere(厘米-克-秒制) abamp ≡ 10 A =10 A esu per second;statampere(厘米-克-秒制) esu/s ≡(0.1 A·m/s)/光速 ≈ 6990333564100000000♠3.335641×10−10 A Electric charge[编辑] 電荷 Name of unit Symbol Definition Relation to SI units 絕對庫侖;electromagnetic unit(厘米-克-秒制) abC;emu ≡ 10 C =10 C 原子单位制 au ≡ 基本电荷 ≈ 1.602 176 462×10−19 C 库仑(SI unit) C ≡ The amount of electricity carried in one second of time by one ampere of current.[25] =1 C=1 A·s 法拉第常数 F ≡ 1 mol × 阿伏伽德罗常数·基本电荷 ≈ 96 485.3383 C statcoulomb;靜庫侖;electrostatic unit(厘米-克-秒制) statC;Fr;esu ≡(0.1 A·m)/光速 ≈ 3.335 641×10−10 C Electric dipole[编辑] 电偶极矩 Name of unit Symbol Definition Relation to SI units atomic unit of electric dipole moment 基本电荷玻尔半径   ≈ 8.478 352 81×10-30 C·m[29] coulomb meter C·m   =1 C · 1 m 德拜 D =10−10 esu·Å =3.33564095×10-30 C·m [30] Electromotive force,electric potential difference[编辑] 電壓,electromotive force Name of unit 符號 Definition Relation to SI units 絕對伏特(厘米-克-秒制) abV ≡ 1×10-8 V =1×10-8 V 靜伏特(厘米-克-秒制) statV ≡ 光速·(1 μJ/A·m) =299.792 458 V 伏特(SI unit) V The difference in electric potential across two points along a conducting wire carrying one ampere of constant current when the power dissipated between the points equals one watt.[25] =1 V=1 W/A=1 kg·m2/(A·s3) Electrical resistance[编辑] Electrical resistance Name of unit Symbol Definition Relation to SI units 歐姆(SI unit) Ω The resistance between two points in a conductor when one volt of electric potential difference,applied to these points,produces one ampere of current in the conductor.[25] =1 Ω=1 V/A=1 kg·m2/(A2·s3) 电容Capacitance[编辑] 电容器's ability to store 電荷 Name of unit Symbol Definition Relation to SI units 法拉(SI unit) F The capacitance between two parallel plates that results in one volt of potential difference when charged by one coulomb of electricity.[25] =1 F=1 C/V=1 A2·s4/(kg·m2) Magnetic flux[编辑] 磁通量 Name of unit Symbol Definition Relation to SI units 马克士威(CGS unit) Mx ≡ 10−8 Wb[31] =1×10-8 Wb 韦伯(SI unit) Wb Magnetic flux which,linking a circuit of one turn,would produce in it an electromotive force of 1 volt if it were reduced to zero at a uniform rate in 1 second.[25] =1 Wb=1 V·s=1 kg·m2/(A·s2) Magnetic flux density[编辑] What physicists call 磁場 is called Magnetic flux density by electrical engineers and magnetic induction by applied mathematicians and electrical engineers. Name of unit Symbol Definition Relation to SI units 高斯(CGS unit) G ≡ 马克士威/cm2=10−4 T =1×10-4 T [32] tesla(SI unit) T ≡ 韦伯/平方米 =1 T=1 Wb/m2=1 kg/(A·s2) Inductance[编辑] 电感 Name of unit Symbol Definition Relation to SI units 亨利(SI unit) H The inductance of a closed circuit that produces one volt of electromotive force when the current in the circuit varies at a uniform rate of one ampere per second.[25] =1 H=1 Wb/A=1 kg·m2/(A·s)2 溫度[编辑] 更多信息:Conversion of units of temperature 溫度 單位名稱 符號 定義 與SI單位的關係 攝氏溫標 Celsius °C °C ≡ K − 273.15 {\displaystyle -273.15} [K] ≡ [°C] + 273.15 {\displaystyle +273.15} degree 德利尔温标 °De [K]=373.15 − [°De] × 2 3 {\displaystyle \times {\frac {2}{3}}} 華氏溫標 Fahrenheit °F °F ≡ °C × 9 5 + 32 {\displaystyle \times {\frac {9}{5}}+32} [K] ≡([°F] + 459.67) × 9 5 {\displaystyle \times {\frac {9}{5}}} 牛頓溫標 Newton °N [K]=[°N] × 100 33 + 273.15 {\displaystyle \times {\frac {100}{33}}+273.15} 蘭金溫標 Rankine °R °R ≡ K × 9 5 {\displaystyle \times {\frac {9}{5}}} [K] ≡ [°R] × 5 9 {\displaystyle \times {\frac {5}{9}}} 列氏溫標 Réaumur °Ré [K]=[°Ré] × 5 4 + 273.15 {\displaystyle \times {\frac {5}{4}}+273.15} 羅氏溫標 Rømer °Rø [K]=([°Rø] − 7.5) × 40 21 + 273.15 {\displaystyle \times {\frac {40}{21}}+273.15} Regulo Gas Mark GM °F ≡ GM × 25 + 300 {\displaystyle \times 25+300} [K] ≡ [GM] × 125 9 + 422.038 {\displaystyle \times {\frac {125}{9}}+422.038} 開氏溫標 Kelvin(國際標準單位) K ≡ 1/273.16 of the 热力学温度 of the 水的性質.[8] ≡ 1 K Information entropy[编辑] 熵 Name of unit Symbol Definition Relation to SI units Relation to bits SI unit J/K ≡ J/K =1 J/K 纳特;nip;nepit nat ≡ kB =1.380 650 5(23)×10-23 J/K bit;shannon bit;b;Sh ≡ ln(2)× kB =9.569 940 (16)×10-24 J/K =1 bit ban;hartley ban;Hart ≡ ln(10)× kB =3.179 065 3(53)×10-23 J/K nibble ≡ 4 bits =3.827 976 0(64)×10-23 J/K =22 bit 字节 B ≡ 8 bits =7.655 952 (13)×10-23 J/K =23 bit 千字节(十进制) kB ≡ 1 000 B =7.655 952 (13)×10-20 J/K =8×103 bit=8000 bit kibibyte KB;KiB ≡ 1 024 B =7.839 695 (13)×10-20 J/K =213 bit=8192 bit

Often,information entropy is measured in 克劳德·香农s,whereas the(discrete)storage space of digital devices is measured in bits. Thus,uncompressed redundant data occupy more than one bit of storage per shannon of information entropy. The multiples of a bit listed above are usually used with this meaning. Other times the bit is used as a measure of information entropy and is thus a synonym of shannon.

Luminous intensity[编辑]

The candela is the preferred nomenclature for the SI unit.

发光强度 Name of unit Symbol Definition Relation to SI units 坎德拉(SI base unit);candle cd The luminous intensity,in a given direction,of a source that emits monochromatic radiation of frequency 540×1012 hertz and that has a radiant intensity in that direction of 1/683 watt per steradian.[8] =1 cd candlepower(new) cp ≡ cd The use of candlepower as a unit is discouraged due to its ambiguity. =1 cd candlepower(old,pre-1948) cp Varies and is poorly reproducible.[33] Approximately 0.981 cd.[14] ≈ 0.981 cd Luminance[编辑] 亮度 Name of unit Symbol Definition Relation to SI units candela per square foot cd/ft2 ≡ cd/ft2 ≈ 7001107639104170000♠10.763910417 cd/m2 candela per square inch cd/in2 ≡ cd/in2 ≈ 7003155000310000000♠1550.0031 cd/m2 坎德拉每平方米(SI unit);nit(deprecated[14]) cd/m2 ≡ cd/m2 =1 cd/m2 footlambert fL ≡(1/π)cd/ft2 ≈ 7000342625909960000♠3.4262590996 cd/m2 朗伯 L ≡(104/π)cd/m2 ≈ 7003318309886180000♠3183.0988618 cd/m2 stilb(CGS unit) sb ≡ 104 cd/m2 ≈ 1×104 cd/m2 Luminous flux[编辑] 光通量 Name of unit Symbol Definition Relation to SI units 流明(SI unit) lm ≡ cd·sr =1 lm=1 cd·sr Illuminance[编辑] 照度 Name of unit Symbol Definition Relation to SI units footcandle;lumen per square foot fc ≡ lm/ft2 =7001107639104170000♠10.763910417 lx lumen per square inch lm/in2 ≡ lm/in2 ≈ 7003155000310000000♠1550.0031 lx 勒克斯(SI unit) lx ≡ lm/m2 =1 lx=1 lm/m2 輻透(CGS unit) ph ≡ lm/cm2 =1×104 lx Radiation - source activity[编辑] 放射性 Name of unit Symbol Definition Relation to SI units 贝克勒尔(SI unit) Bq ≡ Number of disintegrations per second =1 Bq=1/s 居里 Ci ≡ 3.7×1010 Bq =3.7×1010 Bq [34] 拉塞福(H) rd ≡ 1 MBq =1×106 Bq

Please note that although becquerel(Bq)and hertz(Hz)both ultimately refer to the same SI base unit(s−1),Hz is used only for periodic phenomena,and Bq is only used for stochastic processes associated with radioactivity.[35]

Radiation - exposure[编辑] Radiation - exposure Name of unit Symbol Definition Relation to SI units 伦琴 R 1 R ≡ 2.58×10-4 C/kg[31] =2.58×10-4 C/kg

The roentgen is not an SI unit and the 國家標準技術研究所 strongly discourages its continued use.[36]

Radiation - absorbed dose[编辑] Radiation - 吸收劑量 Name of unit Symbol Definition Relation to SI units 戈瑞(SI unit) Gy ≡ 1 J/kg=1 m2/s2 [37] =1 Gy rad rad ≡ 0.01 Gy[31] =0.01 Gy Radiation - equivalent dose[编辑] Radiation - 等效劑量 Name of unit Symbol Definition Relation to SI units 雷姆 rem ≡ 0.01 Sv =0.01 Sv 西弗(SI unit) Sv ≡ 1 J/kg[35] =1 Sv 参考文献[编辑] ^ 存档副本. [2012-10-20]. (原始内容存档于2021-05-07).  ^ "NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty." (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆)(2006). 國家標準技術研究所. Retrieved February 22, 2008. ^ 3.0 3.1 National Institute of Standards and Technology General Tables of Units of Measurement. [2012-10-20]. (原始内容存档于2011-12-10).  ^ 4.00 4.01 4.02 4.03 4.04 4.05 4.06 4.07 4.08 4.09 4.10 4.11 4.12 4.13 Lide, D. (Ed.). (1990). Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (71st ed). Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press. Section 1. ^ 5.0 5.1 National Bureau of Standards. (June 30, 1959). Refinement of values for the yard and the pound. Federal Register, viewed September 20, 2006 at National Geodetic Survey web site (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆). ^ The International Astronomical Union and Astronomical Units. [2012-10-20]. (原始内容存档于2009-10-22).  ^ Klein, Herbert Arthur.(1988). The Science of Measurement: a Historical Survey. Mineola, NY: Dover Publications 0-4862-5839-4. ^ 8.0 8.1 8.2 8.3 8.4 8.5 The International System of Units, Section 2.1 8, 國際度量衡局, 2006 [August 26, 2009], (原始内容存档于2009年10月1日)  ^ International System of Units, (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) 8th ed. (2006), 國際度量衡局, Section 4.1 Table 8. ^ P. Kenneth Seidelmann, Ed. (1992). Explanatory Supplement to the Astronomical Almanac. Sausalito, CA: University Science Books. p. 716 and s.v. parsec in Glossary. ^ 11.0 11.1 11.2 Whitelaw, Ian. (2007). A Measure of All Things: The Story of Man and Measurement. New York: Macmillan 0-312-37026-1. p. 152. ^ 12.0 12.1 De Vinne, Theodore Low (1900). The practice of typography: a treatise on the processes of type-making, the point system, the names, sizes, styles and prices of plain printing types 2nd ed. New York: The Century Co. p. 142–150. ^ Pasko, Wesley Washington (1894). American dictionary of printing and bookmaking. (1894). New York: Howard Lockwood. p. 521. ^ 14.0 14.1 14.2 14.3 14.4 14.5 Rowlett, Russ, How Many? A Dictionary of Units of Measurement, 2005 [2012-10-20], (原始内容存档于2018-10-06)  ^ Thompson, A. and Taylor, B.N. (2008). Guide for the Use of the International System of Units (SI). 國家標準技術研究所 Special Publication 811. p. 57. ^ 16.0 16.1 16.2 16.3 16.4 US Code of Federal Regulations, Title 21, Section 101.9, Paragraph (b)(5)(viii), [August 29, 2009], (原始内容存档于2009年8月13日)  ^ Barry N. Taylor, Ed.,NIST Special Publication 330: The International System of Units (SI) (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) (2001 Edition), Washington: US Government Printing Office, 43,"The 12th Conference Generale des Poids et Mesures (CGPM)…declares that the word “litre” may be employed as a special name for the cubic decimetre". ^ CODATA Value: atomic uint of mass. (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) (2006). 國家標準技術研究所. Retrieved 16 September 2008. ^ The Swiss Federal Office for Metrology gives Zentner on a German language web page 存档副本. [2006-10-09]. (原始内容存档于2006-09-28).  and quintal on the English translation of that page 存档副本. [2006-10-09]. (原始内容存档于2001-03-09). ; the unit is marked "spécifiquement suisse !" ^ 20.0 20.1 Pedersen O. (1983). "Glossary" in Coyne, G., Hoskin, M., and Pedersen, O. Gregorian Reform of the Calendar: Proceedings of the Vatican Conference to Commemorate its 400th Anniversary. Vatican Observatory. 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Taylor, (April 1995), Guide for the Use of the International System of Units (SI) (NIST Special Publication 811), Washington, DC: US Government Printing Office, p. 5. ^ International System of Units, (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) 8th ed. (2006), 國際度量衡局, Section 4.1 Table 7. ^ The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty, 2006 [August 26, 2009], (原始内容存档于2016-04-07)  ^ Robert G. Mortimer Physical chemistry,Academic Press, 2000 ISBN 0-12-508345-9, page 677 ^ 31.0 31.1 31.2 NIST Guide to SI Units, Appendix B.9, [August 27, 2009], (原始内容存档于2016-01-27)  ^ Standard for the Use of the International System of Units (SI): The Modern Metric System IEEE/ASTM SI 10-1997. (1997). New York and West Conshohocken, PA: 电气电子工程师学会 and 美國材料和試驗協會. Tables A.1 through A.5. ^ The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty, [August 28, 2009], (原始内容存档于2013-12-16)  ^ Ambler Thompson & Barry N. Taylor. (2008). Guide for the Use of the International System of Units (SI). (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) Special Publication 811. Gaithersburg, MD: 國家標準技術研究所. p. 10. ^ 35.0 35.1 The International System of Units, Section 2.2.2., Table 3 8, 國際度量衡局, 2006 [August 27, 2009], (原始内容存档于2007年6月18日)  ^ The NIST Guide to the SI (Special Publication 811), section 5.2, 2008 [August 27, 2009], (原始内容存档于2008-06-12)  ^ Ambler Thompson & Barry N. Taylor. (2008). Guide for the Use of the International System of Units (SI). (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) Special Publication 811. Gaithersburg, MD: 國家標準技術研究所. p. 5.


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