|
文章目录
一、CentOS8实现PXE自动化安装1、安装前准备：2、安装相关软件包3、配置dhcp服务4、准备yum源和相关目录5、准备kickstart文件6、准备PXE启动相关文件7、准备启动菜单文件8、测试客户端基于PXE实现自动安装
二、利用cobbler实现自动化安装1、环境准备2、安装相关包并启动服务3、修改cobbler相关的配置4、实现dhcp服务5、下载启动的相关文件6、修改菜单的标题信息7、导入centos系统的安装文件，生成相应的yum源8、准备kickstart文件，并关联至指定的yum源9、支持UEFI安装10、实现cobbler web 管理11、创建cobbler自定义用户
一、CentOS8实现PXE自动化安装
1、安装前准备：
关闭防火墙和selinux 确保dhcp服务器地址是静态IP
2、安装相关软件包
[root@centos8 ~]#dnf -y install dhcp-server tftp-server httpd syslinuxnonlinux(或者syslinux-tftpboot)
[root@centos8 ~]#systemctl enable --now httpd tftp dhcpd
3、配置dhcp服务
[root@centos8 ~]#cp /usr/share/doc/dhcp-server/dhcpd.conf.example /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf
[root@centos8 ~]#vim /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf
option domain-name "example.com";
option domain-name-servers 180.76.76.76,223.6.6.6;
default-lease-time 600;
max-lease-time 7200;
log-facility local7;
subnet 10.0.0.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 {
range 10.0.0.1 10.0.0.200;
option routers 10.0.0.1;
next-server 10.0.0.100;
filename "pxelinux.0";
}
[root@centos8 ~]#systemctl start dhcpd
4、准备yum源和相关目录
[root@centos8 ~]#mkdir -pv /var/www/html/centos/{6,7,8}/os/x86_64/
[root@centos8 ~]#mount /dev/sr0 /var/www/html/centos/6/os/x86_64/
[root@centos8 ~]#mount /dev/sr1 /var/www/html/centos/7/os/x86_64/
[root@centos8 ~]#mount /dev/sr2 /var/www/html/centos/8/os/x86_64/
5、准备kickstart文件
[root@centos8 ~]#mkdir /var/www/html/ks/
[root@centos8 ~]#vim /var/www/html/ks/centos6.cfg
#platform=x86, AMD64, or Intel EM64T
#version=DEVEL
# Install OS instead of upgrade
install
# Keyboard layouts
keyboard 'us'
# Root password
rootpw --iscrypted $1$ALS9TIDA$V2TkFpdeH24/B/2Y/ILtJ0
# System language
lang en_US
# System authorization information
auth --useshadow --passalgo=sha512
# Use text mode install
text
firstboot --disable
# SELinux configuration
selinux --disabled
# Firewall configuration
firewall --disabled
# Network information
network --bootproto=dhcp --device=eth0
# Reboot after installation
reboot
# System timezone
timezone Africa/Abidjan
# Use network installation
url --url="http://10.0.0.7/centos/6/os/x86_64"
# System bootloader configuration
bootloader --append="net.ifnames=0" --location=mbr
# Clear the Master Boot Record
zerombr
# Partition clearing information
clearpart --all --initlabel
# Disk partitioning information
part / --fstype="ext4" --size=20480
part /boot --fstype="ext4" --size=1024
part swap --fstype="swap" --size=2048
%packages
@core
@server-policy
@workstation-policy
autofs
vim-enhanced
%end
%post
useradd wang
echo magedu | passwd --stdin wang &> /dev/null
mkdir /etc/yum.repos.d/bak
mv /etc/yum.repos.d/* /etc/yum.repos.d/bak
cat > /etc/yum.repos.d/base.repo /var/lib/tftpboot/menu.c32
trying hardlink /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/yaboot -> /var/lib/tftpboot/yaboot
trying hardlink /usr/share/syslinux/memdisk -> /var/lib/tftpboot/memdisk
trying hardlink /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/grub-x86.efi ->
/var/lib/tftpboot/grub/grub-x86.efi
trying hardlink /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/grub-x86_64.efi ->
/var/lib/tftpboot/grub/grub-x86_64.efi
copying distros to tftpboot
copying images
generating PXE configuration files
generating PXE menu structure
rendering TFTPD files
generating /etc/xinetd.d/tftp
cleaning link caches
running post-sync triggers
running python triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/sync/post/*
running python trigger cobbler.modules.sync_post_restart_services
running shell triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/sync/post/*
running python triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/change/*
running python trigger cobbler.modules.manage_genders
running python trigger cobbler.modules.scm_track
running shell triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/change/*
*** TASK COMPLETE ***
[root@centos7 ~]#tree /var/lib/tftpboot/
/var/lib/tftpboot/
├── boot
│ └── grub
│ └── menu.lst
├── etc
├── grub
│ ├── efidefault
│ ├── grub-x86_64.efi
│ ├── grub-x86.efi
│ └── images -> ../images
├── images
├── images2
├── memdisk
├── menu.c32
├── ppc
├── pxelinux.0
├── pxelinux.cfg
│ └── default
├── s390x
│ └── profile_list
└── yaboot
10 directories, 10 files
6、修改菜单的标题信息
[root@centos7 ~]#vim /etc/cobbler/pxe/pxedefault.template
MENU TITLE Cobbler | http://www.magedu.com/
[root@centos7 ~]#cobbler sync
[root@centos7 ~]#cat /var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg/default
DEFAULT menu
PROMPT 0
MENU TITLE Cobbler | http://www.magedu.com/ #默认为：http://cobbler.github.io/
TIMEOUT 200
TOTALTIMEOUT 6000
ONTIMEOUT local
LABEL local
MENU LABEL (local)
MENU DEFAULT
LOCALBOOT -1
MENU end
[root@centos7 ~]#cobbler sync
7、导入centos系统的安装文件，生成相应的yum源
#导入yum源时，会自动生成菜单项并自动关联最小化安装系统的文件kickstart文件，默认root密码为cobbler
[root@centos7 ~]#cobbler import --name=centos-8.1-x86_64 --path=/misc/cd --arch=x86_64
[root@centos7 ~]#mount /dev/sr1 /mnt
mount: /dev/sr1 is write-protected, mounting read-only
#也可以在导入yum源的同时进行关联自定义的kickstart文件
[root@centos7 ~]#cobbler import --name=centos-7.7-x86_64 --path=/mnt --arch=x86_64 --kickstart=/var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/centos7.cfg
[root@centos7 ~]#du -sh /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/*
11G /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/centos-7.7-x86_64
7.2G /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/centos-8.1-x86_64
12K /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/config
[root@centos7 ~]#cobbler distro list
centos-7.7-x86_64
centos-8.1-x86_64
[root@centos7 ~]#cobbler profile listsh
centos-7.7-x86_64
centos-8.1-x86_64
注意：CentOS8.3 的导入出错,需要修改文件
#默认直接导入CentOS8.3会出现下面错误
[root@centos7 ~]#cobbler import --name=centos-8.3-x86_64 --path=/mnt --
arch=x86_64
task started: 2021-01-18_162855_import
task started (id=Media import, time=Mon Jan 18 16:28:55 2021)
Found a candidate signature: breed=redhat, version=rhel8
No signature matched in /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/centos-8.3-x86_64
!!! TASK FAILED !!!
#解决方法
[root@centos7 ~]#vim /var/lib/cobbler/distro_signatures.json
#修改第70行添加centos-linux
68 "rhel8": {
69 "signatures":["BaseOS"],
70 "version_file":"(redhat|sl|slf|centos-linux|centos|oraclelinux|vzlinux)-
release-(?!notes)([\\w]*-)*8(Server)*[\\.-]+(.*)\\.rpm",
[root@centos7 ~]#systemctl restart cobblerd
[root@centos7 ~]#cobbler sync
8、准备kickstart文件，并关联至指定的yum源
#将kickstart文件，关联指定的YUM源和生成菜单列表
[root@centos7 ~]#cobbler profile add --name=CentOS-8.1_test --distro=CentOS-8.1-
x86_64 --kickstart=/var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/centos8.cfg
[root@centos7 ~]#cobbler profile add --name=CentOS-7.7_test --distro=CentOS-7.7-
x86_64 --kickstart=/var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/centos7.cfg
#删除默认生成的菜单
[root@centos7 ~]#cobbler profile remove --name=centos-8.1-x86_64
[root@centos7 ~]#cobbler profile remove --name=centos-7.7-x86_64
[root@centos7 ~]#cobbler profile list
CentOS-7.7_test
CentOS-8.1_test
#删除默认的菜单列表
[root@centos7 ~]#cobbler profile remove --name=CentOS8.0-x86_64
#设置默认安装菜单, 这样未装系统的设备会自动从pxe引导启动你需要安装的系统, 不需要再手动接显示器
选了
[root@centos7 ~]#cobbler system add --name=default --profile=centos-8.1-x86_64
9、支持UEFI安装
注意：CentOS 6 的虚拟机不支持UEFI
修改文件设置时间，默认不显示菜单
#修改模版文件
[root@cobbler-centos7 ~]#vim /etc/cobbler/pxe/efidefault.template
[root@cobbler-centos7 ~]#cat /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/efidefault
default=0
timeout=60
$grub_menu_items
#使模版生效
[root@cobbler-centos7 ~]#cobbler sync
#验证生效
[root@cobbler-centos7 ~]#head -n 2 /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/efidefault
default=0
timeout=60
10、实现cobbler web 管理
[root@centos7 ~]#yum -y install cobbler-web
[root@centos7 ~]#systemctl restart httpd
通过浏览器访问下面地址： https://10.0.0.7/cobbler_web
用户名：cobbler
密码:cobbler
11、创建cobbler自定义用户
[root@centos7 ~]#cat /etc/cobbler/users.digest
cobbler:Cobbler:a2d6bae81669d707b72c0bd9806e01f3
[root@centos7 ~]#htdigest -c /etc/cobbler/users.digest Cobbler admin
Adding password for admin in realm Cobbler.
New password:
Re-type new password:
[root@centos7 ~]#cat /etc/cobbler/users.digest
admin:Cobbler:461941848a17e1b412f94c100a79bf75
3
[root@centos7 ~]#htdigest /etc/cobbler/users.digest Cobbler admin2
Adding user admin2 in realm Cobbler
New password:
Re-type new password:
[root@centos7 ~]#cat /etc/cobbler/users.digest
admin:Cobbler:461941848a17e1b412f94c100a79bf75
3
admin2:Cobbler:8e3ab6cc196fac11dcf0512c200a672f
|