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毛脂的理化指标和组成对其使用性能影响较大，因而采用国标等方法对原料羊毛脂的熔点、水分及挥发物含量、灰分含量、酸值、过氧化值、碘值、色度等基本理化指标进行分析，并通过薄层色谱及柱层析对其主要成分进行分析鉴定，采用气质联用色谱对羊毛醇和羊毛酸进行定性定量分析。结果表明：与精制羊毛脂（药典级）相比，原料羊毛脂色泽较深，水分及挥发物含量、灰分含量、碘值与酸值略高；羊毛脂的主要组成成分为脂肪酸酯、羟基酸酯、游离甾醇及多羟基物残留物，分别占羊毛脂总质量的55.14%、25.57%、4.04%和13.15%；原料羊毛脂中甘油三酯未检出；羊毛醇的主要组成为胆甾醇与羊毛甾醇，相对含量分别为44.31%与14.62%，羊毛脂中胆甾醇和羊毛甾醇含量分别为10.41%、3.43%（以全样原料羊毛脂计）；羊毛酸的主要组成为饱和脂肪酸，碳链长度为C13~C27，其中支链脂肪酸相对含量高达62.03%，异构支链脂肪酸相对含量为27.56%，反异构支链脂肪酸相对含量为34.47%。 The physicochemical indexes and composition of lanolin have a greater impact on its performance. Therefore, the basic physicochemical indexes including melting point, moisture and volatile content, ash content, acid value, peroxide value, iodine value and chroma of raw lanolin were determined by national standard and other methods. The main components of lanolin were separated and identified by thin-layer chromatography and column chromatography method. The qualitative and quantitative analysis of lanonol and lanolin fatty acids was carried out by GC-MS. The results showed that compared with refined lanolin (pharmacopoeia level), raw lanolin had darker color, slightly higher moisture and volatile content, ash content, iodine value and acid value. The main components of lanolin were fatty acid esters, hydroxy fatty acid esters, free sterols and polyols, which accounted for 55.14%, 25.57%, 4.04% and 13.15% of the total mass of lanolin, respectively. The triglycerides in raw lanolin were not detected. The main components of lanonol were cholesterol and lanosterol, with relative contents of 44.31% and 14.62%, respectively. Moreover, cholesterol and lanosterol in lanolin accounted for 10.41% and 3.43% of the whole raw lanolin. The main compositions of lanolin fatty acids were saturated fatty acids with the carbon chain length of C13-C27. In addition, the branched chain fatty acids content was as high as 62.03%, while the isomeric branched chain and trans-isomeric branched fatty acids accounted for 27.56% and 34.47%, respectively.

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