Python requests HTTP验证登录（解决401错误） |
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Python requests HTTP验证登录（解决401错误）
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1、场景 1）用户输入完网址后，浏览器直接弹出需要输入用户名/密码
PS：此时输入用户名密码即可登录，或者直接带着用户名密码访问网站。 假设url为http://xxx.yyy.zzz 用户名为admin 密码为123456 则访问的网址应该为http://admin:[email protected]【http://username:password@url】 直接访问改网址即可 2）利用requests.get(url)返回状态码为401 # -*- encoding=utf-8 -*- import requests if __name__ == '__main__': url = 'http://xxxxx.yyyyyy' response = requests.get(url=url) status_code = response.status_code print status_code text = response.text print text运行 401 401 - Unauthorized: Access is denied due to invalid credentials. Server Error 401 - Unauthorized: Access is denied due to invalid credentials. You do not have permission to view this directory or page using the credentials that you supplied.2、HTTP基础验证 这是一种简单的身份认证，它是通过http的authorization请求头中，携带经过base64加密的用户名和密码而实现的一种认证 # -*- encoding=utf-8 -*- import requests from requests.auth import HTTPBasicAuth if __name__ == '__main__': url = 'http://xxx.yyy.zzz' user = 'admin' password = '123456' response = requests.get(url=url, auth=HTTPBasicAuth(user, password)) # 或者 # response = requests.get(url=url, auth=(user, password)) print response.status_code3、摘要式身份认证 # -*- encoding=utf-8 -*- import requests from requests.auth import HTTPDigestAuth if __name__ == '__main__': url = 'http://xxx.yyy.zzz' user = 'admin' password = '123456' response = requests.get(url, auth=HTTPDigestAuth(user, password)) print response.status_code如果2和3都不行，还是返回401，此时可以试试第4种 使用2和3依旧返回401,此时可以print出response.headers看一下 # -*- encoding=utf-8 -*- import requests from requests.auth import HTTPDigestAuth if __name__ == '__main__': url = 'http://xxx.yyy.zzz' user = 'admin' password = '123456' response = requests.get(url, auth=HTTPDigestAuth(user, password)) print response.status_code print response.headers运行 401 {'Content-Length': '1293', 'X-Powered-By': 'ASP.NET', 'Server': 'Microsoft-IIS/7.5', 'Date': 'Fri, 05 Jun 2020 05:36:23 GMT', 'Content-Type': 'text/html', 'WWW-Authenticate': 'Negotiate, NTLM'} 打印后可看到headers中带有字样'WWW-Authenticate': 'Negotiate, NTLM'，表示需要ntlm验证，此时尝试使用第4种4、ntlm验证 # -*- encoding=utf-8 -*- import requests from requests_ntlm import HttpNtlmAuth if __name__ == '__main__': url = 'http://xxx.yyy.zzz' user = 'admin' password = '123456' response = requests.get(url, auth=HttpNtlmAuth(user, password)) print response.status_code print response.headers
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