Apache 反向代理与修改网页内容 |
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apahce与nginx经常被用于作为Web服务器，其实apache与nginx有非常多的拓展功能，可以通过访问官方网站了解相关内容。之前使用过apache实现反向代理的功能，于是把它记录下来，方便以后做其他的配置。反向代理的时候，也使用了两种方式实现了修改网页内容的功能，也碰到了一些问题，折腾了不少时间。
1、系统环境 ubuntu+apache
ubuntu使用15.10版本，apache使用源码安装或者apt-get命令安装。部署好ubuntu系统后，即开始apache的安装配置，支持反向代理以及修改网页内容的功能。
2、安装apache
2.1命令方式安装
sudo apt-get install apache2
测试apache安装是否成功，命令行输入如下：
liang@ubuntu:~$ ls /var/www/html
打印输出，产生了一个默认页面： index.html 命令行输入如下，查看apache2的安装目录： liang@ubuntu:~$ ls /etc/apache2 打印如下内容： apache2.conf conf-enabled magic mods-enabled sites-available conf-available envvars mods-available ports.conf sites-enabled 查看apache的网页配置文件： liang@ubuntu:~$ ls /etc/apache2/sites-available 打印如下内容： 000-default.conf default-ssl.conf重新启动apache服务： liang@ubuntu:~$ sudo /etc/init.d/apache2 restart启动成功： [ ok ] Restarting apache2 (via systemctl): apache2.service. 浏览器访问http://localhost/，出现 Apache2 Ubuntu Default Page 默认页面即apache安装到此结束。 2.2源码方式安装 去官方网站下载源代码，停止命令行安装的apache2 liang@ubuntu:~/workspace/mod_line_edit$ sudo /etc/init.d/apache2 stop 安装依赖软件 sudo apt-get install libtool autoconf build-essential 源代码安装apr，进入apr源代码目录，运行 ./configure 报告出错： rm: cannot remove 'libtoolT': No such file or directory config.status: executing default commands 尝试安装 autoconf automake libtool 工具： liang@ubuntu:~/Desktop/depenforapche/apr-1.5.2$ sudo apt-get install autoconf automake libtool 打印如下，系统已经安装如上工具： Reading package lists... Done Building dependency tree Reading state information... Done autoconf is already the newest version. automake is already the newest version. automake set to manually installed. libtool is already the newest version. 0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded.在执行./configure 之前，先执行： $autoreconf --force --install $libtoolize --automake --force $automake --force --add-missing 打印如下内容： liang@ubuntu:~/Desktop/depenforapche/apr-1.5.2$ autoreconf --force --install aclocal: warning: autoconf input should be named 'configure.ac', not 'configure.in' build/apr_network.m4:24: warning: underquoted definition of APR_TYPE_IN_ADDR build/apr_network.m4:24: run info Automake 'Extending aclocal' build/apr_network.m4:24: or see http://www.gnu.org/software/automake/manual/automake.html#Extending-aclocal libtoolize: putting auxiliary files in AC_CONFIG_AUX_DIR, `build'. libtoolize: copying file `build/ltmain.sh' libtoolize: putting macros in AC_CONFIG_MACRO_DIR, `build'. libtoolize: copying file `build/libtool.m4' libtoolize: copying file `build/ltoptions.m4' libtoolize: copying file `build/ltsugar.m4' libtoolize: copying file `build/ltversion.m4' libtoolize: copying file `build/lt~obsolete.m4' libtoolize: Consider adding `-I build' to ACLOCAL_AMFLAGS in Makefile.am. libtoolize: `AC_PROG_RANLIB' is rendered obsolete by `LT_INIT' aclocal: warning: autoconf input should be named 'configure.ac', not 'configure.in' build/apr_network.m4:24: warning: underquoted definition of APR_TYPE_IN_ADDR build/apr_network.m4:24: run info Automake 'Extending aclocal' build/apr_network.m4:24: or see http://www.gnu.org/software/automake/manual/automake.html#Extending-aclocal liang@ubuntu:~/Desktop/depenforapche/apr-1.5.2$ libtoolize --automake --force liang@ubuntu:~/Desktop/depenforapche/apr-1.5.2$ automake --force --add-missing automake: warning: autoconf input should be named 'configure.ac', not 'configure.in' configure.in: error: no proper invocation of AM_INIT_AUTOMAKE was found. configure.in: You should verify that configure.in invokes AM_INIT_AUTOMAKE, configure.in: that aclocal.m4 is present in the top-level directory, configure.in: and that aclocal.m4 was recently regenerated (using aclocal) configure.in:207: installing 'build/install-sh' BUG.am: error: 'install.sh' is an anachronism; use 'install-sh' instead automake: error: no 'Makefile.am' found for any configure output 重新输入命令完成apr安装即可： ./configure && sudo make && sudo make install 开始安装apr-util，进入apr-util源码目录： liang@ubuntu:~/Desktop/depenforapche/apr-util-1.5.4$ ./configure --with-apr=/usr/local/apr liang@ubuntu:~/Desktop/depenforapche/apr-util-1.5.4$ sudo make liang@ubuntu:~/Desktop/depenforapche/apr-util-1.5.4$ sudo make install 开始安装apache，进入apache源码目录： liang@ubuntu:~/Desktop/httpd-2.4.16$ ./configure liang@ubuntu:~/Desktop/httpd-2.4.16$ sudo make liang@ubuntu:~/Desktop/httpd-2.4.16$ sudo make install 上面执行正确后，可以启动apache测试安装是否成功，进入安装目录： liang@ubuntu:~/Desktop/httpd-2.4.16$ cd /usr/local/apache2/ 进入命令行目录： liang@ubuntu:/usr/local/apache2$ cd bin/ 启动apache服务： liang@ubuntu:/usr/local/apache2/bin$ sudo ./httpd 提示出错： AH00558: httpd: Could not reliably determine the server's fully qualified domain name, using 127.0.1.1. Set the 'ServerName' directive globally to suppress this message 去修改apache配置文件， liang@ubuntu:/usr/local/apache2/bin$ sudo vi /usr/local/apache2/conf/httpd.conf去掉下面的注释，重启apache2即可使用，浏览器访问服务器地址，出现 It works! 字样，即安装成功。 #ServerName www.example.com:80 3、配置apache反向代理这里的配置使用的是命令行安装的apache，源代码安装的配置原理一样，但是配置过程不一样，大概是操作http.conf文件。 查看apache安装目录： liang@ubuntu:~$ whereis apache2打印如下内容，切换至apache的安装目录： apache2: /usr/sbin/apache2 /usr/lib/apache2 /etc/apache2 /usr/share/apache2 /usr/share/man/man8/apache2.8.gz 查看proxy模块，并且启用proxy代理模块： liang@ubuntu:~$ cd /etc/apache2/mods-available 启用proxy代理模块： sudo ln -s /etc/apache2/mods-available/proxy.load /etc/apache2/mods-enabled/proxy.load sudo ln -s /etc/apache2/mods-available/proxy_http.load /etc/apache2/mods-enabled/proxy_http.load sudo ln -s /etc/apache2/mods-available/proxy_balancer.load /etc/apache2/mods-enabled/proxy_banancer.load 添加代理模块的配置，这里以sina与163为例进行配置： vi /etc/apache2/sites_available/proxy 写入下面的内容： ProxyRequests Off ProxyVia On UseCanonicalName Off ProxyMaxForwards 10000 ServerAlias www.sina.com.cn Order Deny,Allow Allow from all ProxyPass / http://www.sina.com.cn/ ProxyPassReverse / http://www.sina.com.cn/ ServerAlias www.163.com Order Deny,Allow Allow from all ProxyPass / http://www.163.com/ ProxyPassReverse / http://www.163.com/ 启用代理配置： sudo ln -s /etc/apache2/sites_available/proxy /etc/apache2/sites_enabled/proxy sudo /etc/init.d/apache2 restart 到此配置反向代理已经成功，具体测试过程请参照第五步。 4、配置apache修改网页 查看apxs工具是否安装： liang@ubuntu:/usr/share/apache2/build$ apxs 打印如下即没有安装： The program 'apxs' is currently not installed. You can install it by typing: 使用命令行安装： sudo apt-get install apache2-dev 再次查看apxs工具是否安装： l iang@ubuntu:/usr/share/apache2/build$ apxs 打印如下即安装成功： Usage: apxs -g [-S =] -n apxs -q [-v] [-S =] [ ...] apxs -c [-S =] [-o ] [-D [=]] [-I ] [-L ] [-l ] [-Wc,] [-Wl,] [-p] ... apxs -i [-S =] [-a] [-A] [-n ] ... apxs -e [-S =] [-a] [-A] [-n ] ... 部署修改网页的功能，去下载 mod_line_edit.c 模块源代码，mod_line_edit 可以实现网页内容修改功能，详情说明内容到mod_line_edit网站查看。 添加mod_line_edit模块： liang@ubuntu:~/workspace/mod_line_edit$ apxs -c mod_line_edit.c 打印如下内容，提示缺少pcre支持： /usr/share/apr-1.0/build/libtool --silent --mode=compile --tag=disable-static x86_64-linux-gnu-gcc -std=gnu99 -prefer-pic -pipe -g -O2 -fstack-protector-strong -Wformat -Werror=format-security -D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2 -DLINUX -D_REENTRANT -D_GNU_SOURCE -pthread -I/usr/include/apache2 -I/usr/include/apr-1.0 -I/usr/include/apr-1.0 -I/usr/include -c -o mod_line_edit.lo mod_line_edit.c && touch mod_line_edit.slo mod_line_edit.c:26:18: fatal error: pcre.h: No such file or directory compilation terminated. apxs:Error: Command failed with rc=65536 更新系统的软件源，并且安装pcre库支持： sudo apt-get update sudo apt-get install libpcre3 libpcre3-dev 再次添加mod_line_edit模块： liang@ubuntu:~/workspace/mod_line_edit$ sudo apxs -i -a -c mod_line_edit.c 打印如下内容，即可进行下一步操作： /usr/share/apr-1.0/build/libtool --silent --mode=compile --tag=disable-static x86_64-linux-gnu-gcc -std=gnu99 -prefer-pic -pipe -g -O2 -fstack-protector-strong -Wformat -Werror=format-security -D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2 -DLINUX -D_REENTRANT -D_GNU_SOURCE -pthread -I/usr/include/apache2 -I/usr/include/apr-1.0 -I/usr/include/apr-1.0 -I/usr/include -c -o mod_line_edit.lo mod_line_edit.c && touch mod_line_edit.slo /usr/share/apr-1.0/build/libtool --silent --mode=link --tag=disable-static x86_64-linux-gnu-gcc -std=gnu99 -Wl,--as-needed -Wl,-Bsymbolic-functions -Wl,-z,relro -Wl,-z,now -o mod_line_edit.la -rpath /usr/lib/apache2/modules -module -avoid-version mod_line_edit.lo /usr/share/apache2/build/instdso.sh SH_LIBTOOL='/usr/share/apr-1.0/build/libtool' mod_line_edit.la /usr/lib/apache2/modules /usr/share/apr-1.0/build/libtool --mode=install install mod_line_edit.la /usr/lib/apache2/modules/ libtool: install: install .libs/mod_line_edit.so /usr/lib/apache2/modules/mod_line_edit.so libtool: install: install .libs/mod_line_edit.lai /usr/lib/apache2/modules/mod_line_edit.la libtool: finish: PATH="/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin:/sbin" ldconfig -n /usr/lib/apache2/modules ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Libraries have been installed in: /usr/lib/apache2/modules If you ever happen to want to link against installed libraries in a given directory, LIBDIR, you must either use libtool, and specify the full pathname of the library, or use the `-LLIBDIR' flag during linking and do at least one of the following: - add LIBDIR to the `LD_LIBRARY_PATH' environment variable during execution - add LIBDIR to the `LD_RUN_PATH' environment variable during linking - use the `-Wl,-rpath -Wl,LIBDIR' linker flag - have your system administrator add LIBDIR to `/etc/ld.so.conf' See any operating system documentation about shared libraries for more information, such as the ld(1) and ld.so(8) manual pages. ---------------------------------------------------------------------- chmod 644 /usr/lib/apache2/modules/mod_line_edit.so [preparing module `line_edit' in /etc/apache2/mods-available/line_edit.load] Enabling module line_edit. To activate the new configuration, you need to run: service apache2 restart 配置修改网页功能，执行命令vi /etc/apache2/sites_available/proxy，编辑proxy文件，覆盖下面内容到文件中： ProxyRequests Off ProxyVia On UseCanonicalName Off ProxyMaxForwards 10000 #RequestHeader unset Accept-Encoding ServerAlias www.sina.com.cn Order Deny,Allow Allow from all ProxyPass / http://www.sina.com.cn/ ProxyPassReverse / http://www.sina.com.cn/ RequestHeader unset Accept-Encoding SetOutputFilter line-editor SetEnv LineEdit 'text/plain;text/css;text/html;test/javascript' LERewriteRule photo.sina.com.cn hello.photo.sina.com.cn ServerAlias www.163.com Order Deny,Allow Allow from all ProxyPass / http://www.163.com/ ProxyPassReverse / http://www.163.com/ 查看是否已经启用mod_line_edit模块： liang@ubuntu:~/workspace/mod_line_edit$ ll /etc/apache2/mods-enabled/line_edit.load打印如下内容，即已经启用： lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 32 Feb 25 13:35 /etc/apache2/mods-enabled/line_edit.load -> ../mods-available/line_edit.load此时重启apache服务： liang@ubuntu:~/workspace/mod_line_edit$ sudo /etc/init.d/apache2 restart如果提示出错： [....] Restarting apache2 (via systemctl): apache2.serviceJob for apache2.service failed because the control process exited with error code. See "systemctl status apache2.service" and "journalctl -xe" for details. failed! 配置了headers解析模块的功能，而没有启用该模块： liang@ubuntu:/etc/apache2/mods-enabled$ sudo ln -s /etc/apache2/mods-available/headers.load /etc/apache2/mods-enabled/headers.load liang@ubuntu:/etc/apache2/mods-enabled$ ll /etc/apache2/mods-enabled/headers.load 打印如下内容： lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 40 Feb 25 13:59 /etc/apache2/mods-enabled/headers.load -> /etc/apache2/mods-available/headers.load 再次重启apache： liang@ubuntu:~/workspace/mod_line_edit$ sudo /etc/init.d/apache2 restart 启动成功： [ ok ] Restarting apache2 (via systemctl): apache2.service. 到此，修改网页内容的功能配置已经完成，根据第五步进行测试。其实，还有一种修改网页内容的方法，但是是针对URL的，使用模块mod_proxy_html。 5、测试过程 测试环境：虚拟机ubuntu15.10 代理服务器、虚拟机windows7 客户机。两个虚拟机都使用NAT的网络连接方式，修改Windows7的hosts文件，末尾添加如下内容： 192.168.213.132 www.sina.com.cn 192.168.213.132 www.163.com 但是之前配置的hosts文件是如下格式的： 192.168.213.132 sina.com.cn 192.168.213.132 163.com 不知道为何现在要配置成上面的格式才可以正常运行，留下了一个问题需要去思考。 浏览器访问sina主页，发现http://photo.sina.com.cn/的url修改成了http://hello.photo.sina.com.cn/，证明了上面的反向代理以及修改网页内用两个模块功能配置成功。这时候，去查看apache2日志即可看到代理了163与sina网站。 |
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