升高的细胞外氯化钾被广泛用于实现培养神经元的膜去极化。该技术阐明了钙通过 L 型电压敏感钙通道、活性调节信号、下游转录事件和许多其他细胞内对去极化反应的流入机制。然而，这些处理存在巨大的可变性，包括从数秒到数天的持续时间和从 3 mM 到 150 mM KCl 的浓度。这些可变协议对神经元活动和转录程序的不同影响尚未得到充分探索。此外，体外氯化钾治疗被批评为体内治疗的不良代表。现象，并因其对细胞活力的影响而受到质疑。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了体外细胞外氯化钾治疗升高的细胞内后果、文献中此类治疗的可变性、该工具的优势和局限性，以及这些研究与脑功能和功能障碍的相关性。

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Elevated extracellular potassium chloride is widely used to achieve membrane depolarization of cultured neurons. This technique has illuminated mechanisms of calcium influx through L-type voltage sensitive calcium channels, activity-regulated signaling, downstream transcriptional events, and many other intracellular responses to depolarization. However, there is enormous variability in these treatments, including durations from seconds to days and concentrations from 3mM to 150 mM KCl. Differential effects of these variable protocols on neuronal activity and transcriptional programs are underexplored. Furthermore, potassium chloride treatments in vitro are criticized for being poor representatives of in vivo phenomena and are questioned for their effects on cell viability. In this review, we discuss the intracellular consequences of elevated extracellular potassium chloride treatment in vitro, the variability of such treatments in the literature, the strengths and limitations of this tool, and relevance of these studies to brain functions and dysfunctions.