Summary The epicarpic cell walls are beaded and enclose protein and/or oil m the lumens. The 2‒4 layered outer hypodermal zone of the multilayered epicarp is either collenchymatous or chlorenchymatous. The parenchymatous mesocarp is sometimes distinguished into outer and inner regions of which the latter embed the vascular bundles. The inner hypodermis is a single layer of giant cells which increase tremendously in their size towards the maturity of the fruit. The number of parenchyma in a triangular-wedge shaped group with giant cell differs in the various Capsicums. The solitary or small groups of lignified cells are present among the parenchyma of endocarp. The placental cells towards the maturity of the fruit show the enlargement of their vacuoles and intercellular spaces and finally their separation. They contain starch or insoluble carbohydrates. The detailed study of C. frutescens (var. Long Red) indicates that there is increase in number of cell layers and cell size; it also reveals that there are differentiation and specialization of the cells during the development of the fruit from the ovary. The present paper deals with the study of two varieties of Capsicum frutescens and five varieties of C. annuum.