不定式、动名词、过去分词作定语的用法 |
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不定式作定语的用法
不定式及其短语作定语,与其他短语作定语一样,一般都放在被修饰的词之后,通常表示一个 将来的动作 , 有时也可以表示某一过去的特定动作。
一些名词后常用不定式作定语 , 如: chance (机会) ,way (方法 ) , time( 时间) 等; 另外, the first,the second,the last,the only 等作名词或者它们作形容词用来修饰代词,它们或它们所修饰的代词后,也 常用不定式作定语。
不定式作定语时,不定式与被修饰词之间存在的关系复杂,有的是主谓关系 ; 有的是动宾关系;有 的是动状关系,还有的不存在主谓、动宾、动状关系 . 1 、主谓关系的
(1 ) We must find a person to do the work 。
( 2)
There is no one to take care of her.
(3 )
In my family ,
my mother is always the first one to get up.
( 4 )
He is always the first to come and the last to leave 。
( 5 )
We need someone to go and get a doctor. 2 、动宾关系的
如果不定式与被修饰的词在逻辑上存在动宾关系,不定式里的动词必须是及物动词 . 注意:是 及物动词的,后面不要再加宾语,因为前面的被修饰词是它的宾语;是不及物动词的,要加上适当 的介词或副词让它变成及物动词 , 只有这样,它才能带上前面的宾语。
( 1 )
He has a lot of books to read. (2 )
I would like a magazine to look at. (3 )
Here is some advice for you to follow 。
(4)
Do you have anything else to say? (5 )
There is no one to take care of 。
(6)
She has nothing to worry about 。
3 、动状关系的
被修饰词如果是不定式里动词的状语,应多用介词短语。由于被修饰词前没有介词,所以只能 在不定式里的动词后加介词。
( 1 ) Please give me some paper to write on.
( 2 )
Let’ s find a room to put these things in
(3 )
I have no house to live in 。
( 4)
He has no pen to write with 。
(5)
There are five pairs to choose from. 4 、不存在主谓、动宾、动状关系的
被修饰词与不定式里的动词不存在主谓、动宾、动状关系的,被修饰词多是些抽象名词。
( 1)I have no time to go to the movie. ( 2 ) There’ s no need to send for a doctor.
( 3 )
Where’ s the best place to meet ?
( 4)
Is that the way to do it ?
( 5 )
I’ m not sure about his ability to complete the task alone 。
练习
1.
He has no friend _______(depend) on 。
2.
He is not the kind of man
( do) such things 。 |
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