石墨烯是一种含有 sp 2碳原子的二维单层平面片材- 彼此粘合并紧密堆积在蜂窝状晶体结构中。由于其非凡的品质，石墨烯及其衍生物，例如功能化石墨烯、氧化石墨烯（GO）和还原氧化石墨烯（rGO），在各种应用中引起了广泛关注。高质量石墨烯及其衍生物的合成可以通过采用几种不同的方法来完成。当采用各种还原方法时，GO 和 rGO 会呈现出独特的特性。这些特性反过来又会影响石墨烯的整体用途和性能。本文概述了热退火对石墨烯结构和物理性能的影响。热退火后，GO 转化为 rGO，这使得 rGO 的相干晶体结构得以恢复。研究发现，退火温度与晶粒尺寸有直接关系。记录的拉曼光谱结果表明缺陷程度（我D∕我G有时会发现它增加，而有时会发现它减少。目前还没有任何确凿的证据支持采用退火来抛光石墨烯的假设或这可能导致掺杂、缺陷水平和应变后果发生变化的假设。此外，还分析和解释了热退火对 rGO 功能和性能变化的影响。本研究最后进行了简要回顾，讨论了石墨烯所面临的挑战，并讨论了石墨烯带来的机遇。

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Graphene is a two-dimensional monolayer planar sheet containing carbon atoms that are sp2-bonded to one other and tightly packed in a honeycomb crystal structure. Because of its extraordinary qualities, graphene and its derivatives, such as functionalized graphene, graphene oxide (GO), and reduced graphene oxide (rGO), have attracted substantial attention in a variety of applications. The synthesis of graphene and its derivatives of high quality can be accomplished by the employment of a several different methods. When subjected to various reduction methods, GO and rGO emerge with distinctive sets of properties. These features, in turn, have an impact on the graphene’s overall usefulness and performance. This paper provides an overview of the influence that thermal annealing has on the structural and physical properties of graphene. Following the thermal annealing, GO was converted into rGO, and this allowed for the coherent crystal structure of rGO to be restored. It has been found that the annealing temperature has a direct relationship with the crystallite size. The results of the recorded Raman spectra demonstrate that the degree of imperfection (ID∕IG ratio) can sometimes be found to increase while at other times it can be found to decrease. There has not been any conclusive evidence to support either the hypothesis that annealing is employed to polish graphene or the hypothesis that this can lead to changes in doping, defect levels, and strain consequences. Additionally, the impact that thermal annealing has on the functionality and performance variations of rGO has been analyzed and explained. This study concluded with a concise review, a discussion of the challenges faced, and a discussion of the opportunities presented by the graphene.